Cancer is the leading cause of death and morbidity among children and adolescents worldwide. Functionality-based interventions are relevant among children and adolescents with an oncological diagnosis, whence studies summarising evidence on this topic are needed. This systematic review will summarise evidence on the effect of interventions to improve functionality indicators among paediatric patients diagnosed with cancer.

This protocol will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)-Protocols reporting guidelines. The systematic review will be conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA 2020. Studies will be searched in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, LILACS and PEDro. Additional searches will include Google Scholar, reference lists of included studies, relevant reviews and trial registries. Studies will be included if they implement a functionality-based intervention. They must evaluate effects among paediatric patients with an oncological diagnosis. Secondary outcomes will include health-related quality of life. There will be no limits to language or year of publication, and articles published in peer-reviewed journals will be accepted. Only randomised controlled trials will be included. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2. Two independent reviewers will select studies, extract data and assess risk of bias. A narrative synthesis and meta-analysis will be conducted if studies are clinically and methodologically homogeneous. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed using Higgins’ inconsistency test (I^²). Meta-analysis may estimate combined effects using random-effects and the inverse variance method. The R statistical software will be used. The certainty of evidence will be evaluated for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.

This study used data from previously published studies, thus waiving submission to an Ethics Committee. Scientific dissemination strategies will include publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and workshops for the public.

CRD42024462833.

Paediatric kidney transplantation, while life-saving, presents significant academic challenges for children. Frequent hospitalisations, medical treatments and the psychosocial impact of chronic illness can severely disrupt educational trajectories. This study aimed to explore the post-transplant academic experiences of children from the perspective of their parents.

A qualitative phenomenological study. Data were collected through in-depth, semistructured interviews and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

The study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, with participants recruited from the registry of the Punjab Human Organ Transplantation Authority (PHOTA).

Thirteen parents of children who had undergone a kidney transplant and were enrolled in a formal school.

Five major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) academic disruption and coping, detailing declines in performance and motivation alongside efforts to maintain engagement; (2) cognitive fatigue and emotional strain, encompassing reduced focus, memory difficulties and psychological distress; (3) school attendance, participation and support, highlighting frequent absenteeism, limited engagement in activities, and the critical role of institutional flexibility; (4) social identity and peer exclusion, revealing fears of stigma, self-isolation and misunderstanding from peers and (5) navigating the future, reflecting parental anxieties about long-term educational and career prospects alongside adaptive hope. The findings underscore that formal support systems in schools and healthcare settings are currently underdeveloped to meet these children’s complex needs.

This study illuminates the profound and multifaceted academic challenges faced by children after kidney transplantation. The results emphasise that a transplant is not merely a medical event but a life-altering experience with significant educational consequences. There is a critical need for integrated, targeted interventions that provide robust psychological support, flexible educational policies and comprehensive school reintegration programmes to ensure these children can achieve their full academic and personal potential.

Our systematic review will evaluate studies that describe telehealth solutions in PPC home-care settings, using the Cochrane handbook, and the reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We will include peer-reviewed articles without language or geographical restrictions. The search will be conducted by an information specialist and data synthesis will be documented via a data extraction table in MS Excel. Along with a Mixed-Method-Appraisal-Tool (MMAT) quality appraisal, data extraction will be managed by Covidence. Two reviewers will screen and extract data independently, with a third reviewer resolving discrepancies. We will present a narrative synthesis, using clear language, defining key terms and following open-access standards to ensure accessibility for non-expert audiences.

No primary or clinical data will be collected. Therefore, ethical approval is not relevant. Review findings will be shared via peer-reviewed journal publications, conferences, stakeholder meetings and online presentations.

CRD420251035350.

This systematic review aims to synthesise current evidence on gut microbiome profiles among children with sickle cell disease (SCD), assess the influence of analgesic and antibiotic use, and explore the contributions of environmental factors on their gut microbiota diversity. Through identification of consistent microbial patterns and gaps in the existing literature, this review will provide vital insight into potential microbiome-targeted strategies for improving health outcomes in paediatric SCD care.

Studies describing the gut microbiota among paediatric SCD human subjects (

Ethical approval will not be required as this is a systematic review of published data. The findings will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant scientific conferences.

CRD420251102736.

The aims of this study were to explore how health visitors (HVs) and community health nurses (CHNs) assess unsettled baby behaviours, how their perceptions of these behaviours influence decisions about support offered, and how able they feel to deliver support to families of unsettled babies.

Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis.

Potential participants were invited nationally via social media and via Health Visiting Service managers from an NHS Trust. Interviews took place remotely.

17 HVs and 3 CHNs were purposively selected to include a wide range of perspectives.

Three themes were developed, (1) HVs’ perceptions of parents’ sense-making which explains how HVs/CHNs understand parents’ beliefs around unsettled babies; (2) care pathway which highlights the importance HVs place on creating emotional space for the baby, the parent and the health visitor within the pathway (containment); and (3) service delivery decline, which outlines the impact of funding cuts to the services on the HVs’ ability to provide support for families. Lastly, a new concept – the Tipping Point model - was created to holistically conceptualise the experiences of HVs providing support for unsettled babies in the UK.

Policy makers need to organise services to value and support the role of the health visiting team in ‘containment’. HVs identified a training need around assessing and advising about unsettled babies to place them in a stronger position to support families. Further research is needed into different models of support for families of unsettled babies from the wider primary care team and/or from digital services.

For adolescents living with higher body weight, changing lifestyle behaviours can be met with challenges due to psychosocial factors, such as mental health and emotional challenges. Few behavioural interventions have included skill development to manage these mental health and emotional challenges.

The feasibility of a dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT)–enhanced lifestyle intervention will be evaluated through a pilot randomised controlled trial. We will recruit 90 adolescents aged 14–17 years with a body mass index Z-score >1.4 and mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms to participate with a caregiver in the trial. Adolescents will be randomised 2:2:1 to one of the three study arms: (A) behavioural lifestyle intervention with DBT skills training, (B) behavioural lifestyle intervention alone (ie, without DBT skills training) or (C) control. The interventions will include two sessions weekly for 16 weeks that include (1) one modified DBT skills training with two facilitators, supervised by a clinical psychologist, combined with one behavioural lifestyle session delivered by a dietitian and/or a kinesiologist and (2) two behavioural lifestyle sessions alone. DBT skills training will consist of teaching mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness and walking the middle path modules. Behavioural sessions will be guided by evidence-based practices for goal setting, dietary counselling, improving sleep, reducing screen time and structured physical activity. The main outcomes are enrolment rates, adherence to the intervention and retention rates for follow-up measurements. The secondary outcome will be changes in the quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) and daily physical activity levels between baseline and immediately post-intervention. Adolescents will participate in a focus group incorporating photo elicitation to explore satisfaction, acceptability and perceived benefits of the study arms.

This study has received ethical approval from the University of Manitoba’s Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (HS24295-H2020:427), Hamilton Health Sciences & McMaster University (HiREB 18159) and The Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (CHREB), University of Calgary (REB24-1084). Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and be relevant to researchers and clinicians involved in paediatrics and paediatric weight management.

NCT05338944.

This study assessed the associations between asthma, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) among adolescents.

A cross-sectional survey.

Six randomly selected schools across all five educational zones of the Anuradhapura district in Sri Lanka.

A total of 1127 adolescents aged 13–14 years were included from six randomly selected schools representing all five educational zones in the Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka.

Prevalence of asthma and GORD, the associations between asthma, GORD and HRQoL among adolescents in Sri Lanka.

This study of 1127 adolescents (44.8% male, mean age 13.66±0.56 years) found that 16.1% (n=181) had current asthma and 17.9% (n=202) exhibited symptoms of GORD. A significant association was observed between current asthma and GORD (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.59 to 3.31, p=0.0005). Comorbidity of asthma and GORD was observed in 4.8% of participants (n=54). The total HRQoL score was not associated with asthma, GORD or those having both asthma and GORD. However, the presence of GORD was associated with poor emotional functioning (unstandardized regression coefficient ± standard error = -4.7±1.7, p=0.008).

Asthma and GORD were significantly associated among early adolescents in Sri Lanka. While overall HRQoL did not differ by disease status, the presence of GORD was associated with poorer emotional functioning.

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of asthma self-management interventions for school-aged children 6–17 years old in the US. The research questions include: (1) What interventions are conducted for asthma self-management among school children and adolescents aged 6–17 with asthma from minority families in the US? (2) Which asthma self-management intervention(s) are effective and feasible to reduce acute healthcare utilisation and improve asthma control among school-aged children 6–17 years and (3) Are there any differences in the effectiveness of self-management interventions by age groups (children 6–11 years vs adolescents 12–17 years) and by income groups (low income vs high income minority families)?

A thorough search of the literature is conducted in multiple electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus/Embase, EbscoHost, CINAHL-full text, PsycINFO and clinical trials. This review focuses on studies of school-aged children and adolescents 6–17 years old with asthma from minority families that employ self-management intervention to enhance asthma control compared with a standard intervention/control group. The search strategies are developed following the population, intervention, comparison and outcome framework. The primary outcomes of this study are healthcare utilisation (ie, asthma-related urgent care/emergency department visits and hospitalisation), symptom control and asthma control. The process involves developing a search strategy along with inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting relevant data, assessing the risk of bias (RoB) and analysing the data. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines will be used for reporting of the systematic review. The Cochrane Risk of Bias revised tool will be used to assess the RoB. The findings will be presented descriptively using tables, visual aids and a narrative summary. A meta-analysis will synthesise the results, exploring the impact of various interventions on asthma self-management in low-income and minority adolescents.

Ethical approval is not required for this study since this is a systematic review of existing literature. This study will synthesise evidence of asthma self-management interventions among school-aged children with asthma from minority and low-income families and identify research gaps. The findings in the meta-analysis will offer valuable insights into designing tailored evidence-based, effective, self-management interventions for school-aged children and adolescents with asthma in the future. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations.

CRD42024567466.

This study aimed to explore perceptions of the Paediatric Improvement Collaborative’s (PIC’s) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) among clinicians, with a focus on awareness, frequency of use, applicability and areas for improvement.

Cross-sectional online survey and semi-structured interviews.

Clinicians working in all Australian states and territories. Recruitment was via non-probability convenience sampling. Invitations to participate in the online survey were posted on national- and state-level paediatric organisations, networks and groups. Survey participants could express interest in taking part in a follow-up online interview.

A total of 466 clinicians, including consultants/specialists (46.1%), specialists in training (residents/registrars: 20.4%), nurses (17.8%), allied health professionals (4.7%) and general practitioners (3.6%) participated in the survey. Findings indicated a high level of usage, with two-thirds of participants (63.9%) using the guidelines weekly. Most participants (91.8%) deemed the CPGs highly applicable to their practice settings, and over half (57.9%) had referred to more than 10 different PIC CPGs in the past month. Patterns of use reflected experience, seniority and scope of practice, with utilisation significantly higher among specialists in training, those working in emergency settings and those with less practising experience. Ten clinicians were interviewed to gain deeper insights, reinforcing that PIC CPGs serve multiple purposes, such as to check practice and for self-learning, for teaching more junior staff, and to reinforce treatment decisions with parents and patients. The guidelines were noted as being useful for all members of the multidisciplinary team in providing consistent language and uniform care. Key areas for improvement included enhancing accessibility in time-pressured environments, such as incorporating human factors-based navigation features and standardised layouts, and integrating additional tools and localised referral information.

PIC CPGs are viewed as a source of credible, evidence-based information that was valued across medical, nursing and allied health professionals.

To examine bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) epidemiological data in Chinese very preterm infants and compare agreement between four diagnostic definitions and their predictive accuracy for discharge outcomes.

Observational epidemiologic study of a multicentre cohort of the Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN).

Tertiary neonatal intensive care units participating in the CHNN.

42 664 preterm infants born at

BPD was diagnosed using four definitions: Shennan 1988, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2001 and 2018, and the Neonatal Research Network (NRN) 2019 definitions. BPD prevalence and severity were examined. Agreement was assessed using kappa statistics. Predictive accuracy for discharge outcomes was evaluated using c-statistics from multivariable generalised estimating equation models.

Among 42 664 infants (mean gestational age, 29.0 weeks; 43.1% females), BPD prevalence varied significantly: Shennan 1988: 37.0%, NICHD 2001: 51.1%, NICHD 2018: 37.0%, NRN 2019: 37.0%. NICHD 2001 and 2018 definitions classified more infants as severe BPD (16.4% and 10.1%, respectively), while NRN 2019 classified more as grade 2 (moderate; 15.0%). Shennan 1988 showed good agreement with NICHD 2018 (=1.0) and Jensen 2019 (=1.0). Shennan 1988 (c-statistic range: 0.921–0.974), NICHD 2018 (0.948-0.978) and NRN 2019 (0.949-0.982) demonstrated higher discriminative accuracy for discharge outcomes than NICHD 2001 (0.854–0.925).

This study found a high prevalence of BPD among very preterm infants in China, varying by definitions. The Shennan 1988, NICHD 2018 and NRN 2019 definitions showed good agreement and better predictive accuracy for outcomes at discharge compared with NICHD 2001. These definitions could be prioritised for clinical use in our population.

This study aimed to assess the effect of distance from the nearest health facility on zero-dose children in Ethiopia by using a generalised structural equation modelling.

A cross-sectional secondary analysis of longitudinal data.

Community-based study in five regions of Ethiopia (Tigray, Oromia, Amhara, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions, and Addis Ababa city).

The final analysis included a weighted sample of 1973 mother–child pairs.

The primary outcome was the direct effect of distance to the nearest health facility on zero-dose children. The secondary outcome was the mediating effect of maternal reproductive health service utilisation on this relationship.

The prevalence of zero-dose children was 15.7%, with significant urban (2.2%) and rural (19.7%) disparities. The median distance to the nearest health facility was 1.93 km, with median distances of 2.10 km for rural and 1.26 km for urban residents. Similarly, the mean distance to the nearest public health facility was 2.09 km (SD = ±1.72). Each additional kilometre from the nearest public health facility was associated with 14.2% higher odds of a child being zero-dose (aOR: 1.14 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.28)). This effect was predominantly direct, accounting for 89.4% of the total effect (aOR: 1.13 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.26)), while the indirect effect mediated through maternal reproductive health service utilisation was minimal and not statistically significant (aOR: 1.01 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.05)).

This study suggests that greater distance to the nearest health facility increases the likelihood of children being zero-dose. Therefore, improving physical access to health services through expanded outreach programmes and mobile vaccination services, and strengthening maternal health services, particularly antenatal care and facility delivery, is essential for reducing the burden of zero-dose children.

Suboptimal feeding practices in children under five remain a critical concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Integrated Supplementary Feeding programmes (SFPs) combined with Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) interventions have shown potential, yet global evidence on their design and effectiveness remains scattered across diverse settings and varies widely in scope and quality. This review aims to map global evidence on integrated SFP and SBCC interventions for children aged 6–59 months, assessing their impact on anthropometric, biochemical, nutritional, health, developmental, functional, microbiological and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) outcomes, and to identify contextual factors, evidence gaps and successful strategies. The review will also aim to document cost effectiveness and economic outcomes of this integrated intervention.

The review will follow Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, applying the Population–Concept–Context framework and the review title has been registered in Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZJ5BG). Eligible studies published between 2000 and 2025 will include community-based interventions for children under five that combine SFP and SBCC. The review will focus on SFP interventions delivered through community-based or public health platforms, including but not limited to take home ration, hot cooked meal, micronutrient powders, coupled with SBCC modalities such as home visits, mobile health and mass media campaigns. Comprehensive searches will be conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar and organisational websites. Two independent reviewers will screen, extract and appraise studies using Covidence and JBI tools. Data will be analysed using descriptive statistics to summarise study characteristics, intervention types and reported outcomes, helping understand patterns across time and settings. Qualitative findings will be synthesised through descriptive content analysis involving coding and theme development. Expected outcomes include a range of study designs from different settings across the globe, covering diverse delivery models of integrated SFP and SBCC with reported outcomes including dietary indicators, anthropometry, nutritional biomarkers, caregiver practices and cost-effectiveness.

This review is part of a larger cluster randomised controlled trial (NECCTAR) which has received ethical approval from the independent institutional ethics committee of all the participating institutes. The current review will involve only publicly available literature and does not have a separate institutional ethics committee approval. Findings will be disseminated through academic conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.

The review title has been registered in OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZJ5BG).

Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) remains a major contributor to mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment among preterm infants, particularly those born extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight. Although extensive research has investigated various facets of IVH, including prevention, therapeutic interventions, underlying pathophysiology and long-term outcomes, the heterogeneity in selection, measurement and reporting across studies significantly impairs data synthesis through meta-analysis and limits the translation of evidence into clinical practice. To address this issue, we propose the development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for IVH research in preterm infants.

This study will follow established guidance from the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative and COS-Standards for Development. The sequential phases include: (1) a systematic review to comprehensively identify outcomes previously reported in IVH research involving preterm infants; (2) qualitative interviews with diverse stakeholders (clinicians, researchers and caregivers) to explore perspectives and identify additional relevant outcomes; (3) a multiround Delphi survey to achieve consensus on core outcomes; and (4) a consensus meeting to finalise the COS.

The entire project has been approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Second University Hospital (No. 2022-069). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to participation. Study findings will be disseminated through conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.

To identify risk factors and develop an early prediction model for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) under 32 weeks.

A single-centre, retrospective case–control study.

A tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Fujian Province, China.

762 infants (GA under 32 weeks, survived beyond the corrected GA of 36 weeks) who were hospitalised in our department between January 2018 and December 2023.

None.

The primary outcome was the diagnosis of BPD at 36 weeks of corrected GA, with diagnostic criteria based on the 2018 criteria established by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

A total of 762 infants was enrolled in the study, including 572 in the training cohort, among whom 138 (24.13%) had BPD. Multivariate logistic regression identified the following as independent predictors for BPD development: birth weight (OR=0.997, 95% CI 0.996 to 0.998, p

Higher chest X-ray scores within 7 days of life and extended invasive mechanical ventilation to day 7 after birth were significantly associated with BPD. The model had good predictive performance for predicting BPD using birth weight, chest X-ray scores within 24 hours of birth and at day 7 after life, and the state of invasive mechanical ventilation at day 7 after birth.

This study aimed to identify determinants that hinder or facilitate implementation of the Feverkidstool, a clinical decision support tool offering a quantitative, evidence-based approach, to manage children with fever in the emergency department (ED) setting.

Qualitative study using semistructured interviews, analysed through directed content analysis guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Secondary and tertiary paediatric emergency departments in three hospitals in the Netherlands.

Eighteen potential end users of the Feverkidstool, including paediatricians and paediatric residents working in the ED and involved in the care of febrile children, participated in the study.

Determinants of Feverkidstool implementation, categorised by CFIR domains: intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of individuals and implementation process.

Respondents (n=18) perceived the evidence-based guidance by the Feverkidstool and its potential to reduce antibiotic use as valuable. However, concerns were raised about its applicability to critically ill children and those with comorbidities. User-friendliness was seen as a facilitator, whereas the need for C reactive protein testing and lack of integration with electronic health records were mentioned as barriers. The ability to standardise care for febrile children was considered an important benefit of using the Feverkidstool.

Barriers and facilitators across all CFIR domains are identified. Addressing these will facilitate implementation. When effectively implemented, the Feverkidstool has the potential to improve care for children presenting with fever in the ED. This may potentially lead to a more standardised approach and reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

Vaccines are our best defence against infectious diseases, yet uptake of childhood immunisation programmes has consistently declined in the UK, with growing concerns around socioeconomic inequalities. Liverpool, in particular, demonstrated some of the lowest uptake rates in England since 2019. In response, the Health Equity Liverpool Project (HELP) implemented a hyper-localised community-led initiative between September 2023 and June 2024 to tackle vaccine hesitancy. Activities included outreach events and school-based engagement across nine sites within Liverpool. Despite promising qualitative evidence, the intervention’s impact on childhood vaccine uptake has not yet been quantified. We aim to evaluate the population level impact of the HELP intervention on the uptake of five childhood vaccines (first and second doses of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR1, MMR2), 6-in-1 vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis B), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine booster dose (PCV) and rotavirus vaccine) using synthetic control methods.

We will analyse publicly available quarterly vaccine uptake data (between April 2019 and March 2025) from the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly programme for general practices (GPs) in England. The intervention group will be defined as practices located within a 1 km radius of the intervention sites. A synthetic control group will be constructed using non-intervention GPs matched on pre-intervention vaccine uptake, and linked demographic, socioeconomic and healthcare capacity covariates. Primary outcomes are the uptake of MMR1 and MMR2 vaccines. Secondary outcomes include the uptake of 6-in-1, PCV and rotavirus vaccines. Average treatment effects will be estimated as the post-intervention difference in uptake between intervention and synthetic control groups. Sensitivity analyses will examine spillover effects, alternative spatial definitions of exposure, the biasing effect of concurrent interventions and the feasibility of analysis at small area neighbourhood level.

This study will be conducted as part of the ReCITE project, which has received ethical approval from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Research Ethics Committee (Reference: 24–018) and is funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council (Project Number: AH/Z505341/1). Findings will be shared with the project funder and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

With the increasing prevalence of asthma in children, exercise has become an essential component of asthma management, playing a significant role in improving overall health and quality of life. However, children with asthma face numerous challenges when participating in exercise, including physical limitations due to symptoms, fear of exacerbations and lack of parental support. In addition to these barriers, some factors can promote or facilitate exercise in this population. Therefore, this qualitative meta-synthesis aims to explore these barriers and facilitators through a qualitative meta-synthesis, to provide a basis for developing targeted exercise interventions, optimising asthma management and improving the health status and quality of life of children with asthma.

This qualitative metasynthesis will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework. The final systematic literature search will be performed in the following electronic databases to include publications from their inception until 31 December 2025: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. The search strategy will include controlled terms and keywords related to ‘asthma’, ‘child’, ‘exercise’ and ‘qualitative research’. The inclusion criteria will comprise qualitative or mixed-methods studies published in English that explore the barriers to and facilitators of exercise participation in children under 14 years of age with asthma, their families or healthcare providers. Grey literature and non-English studies will be excluded. Study selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment (using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist) will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Data will be synthesised using thematic synthesis.

Ethical approval will not be required for this qualitative synthesis, as it solely encompasses data derived from previously published research. Findings will be disseminated through professional networks, conference presentations and submission to a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO, CRD42025641502.

While paediatric cardiac arrest is a rare event, consequences for the patients are significant with a considerable risk of morbidity, disability and mortality. The risk of cardiac arrest is substantially increased in children with congenital heart disease. Nevertheless, there is a lack of data concerning this population. To close this knowledge gap, this multicentre, prospective, open registry aims to implement a standardised structure for data collection and follow-up of paediatric cardiac arrests associated with heart diseases in Germany.

All paediatric patients who experience a cardiac arrest and receive at least 2 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are invited to participate in this registry. The dataset comprises demographical, clinical, resuscitation and outcome data, collected in accordance with the Utstein guidelines. Neurological assessments, cognitive and motor tests are conducted at fixed intervals. Additionally, patient-reported outcome measures will be surveyed. Primary outcomes are survival to discharge and neurodevelopmental outcome after discharge and 2 years. The data are pseudonymised prior to submission to an online REDCap database, which is centrally hosted on a server located in Leipzig, Germany.

This study follows the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee in Leipzig. Registry results will allow us to understand the epidemiology, guideline adherence, risk factors and will be presented at conferences and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

NCT05373498.

Perinatal healthcare providers need access to accurate and current outcome data to counsel parents facing the birth of extremely premature infants. Parents want to know their infant’s risk of mortality, as well as the risk of hospital morbidities and neurodevelopmental outcomes, if their infant survives. Such data must be personalised to the precise infant-specific circumstances, including antenatal and perinatal risk factors unique to that infant.

The evidence-based preterm outcome calculator (EB-POC) cohort study uses linked population data to design, model, construct and validate an EB-POC to predict outcomes of premature birth (mortality, hospital complications and neurodisability).

Information from eight routinely collected administrative databases will be linked for all births registered in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and New South Wales, Australia, between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2022 (or the latest available at the time of linkage). Key outcome measures will include an EB-POC to predict mortality, hospital morbidities and neurodisability. Data analysis will be conducted using Minitab and R software.

Approval was obtained from the ACT Human Research Ethics Committee (2022.LRE.00164 and 2024.LRE.00188), ACT Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Consumer Reference Group and the eight data custodians. The results are expected to be released in December 2025. The results will be presented at medical conferences and published in peer-reviewed academic journals. The calculator will be available free of charge through a user-friendly website and a mobile app, enabling prospective parents of premature babies and clinicians to make evidence-based, personalised, precision-based decisions.

Improving neonatal health—including growth, weight gain, neurodevelopment and parent–infant bonding—relies heavily on active parental involvement in neonatal care. Family-centred care models emphasise parental participation, which has been associated with improved physiological stability in infants, reduced parental stress and enhanced emotional bonding. This systematic review aims to synthesise existing evidence on the benefits of parental involvement in neonatal care, highlight best practices and identify gaps requiring further research. A rigorous methodology has been outlined to ensure the reliability and transparency of the review process.

A comprehensive search strategy will be implemented across major databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science, supplemented by manual searches. The review will include randomised controlled trials published between 2000 and January 2025. Studies will be screened according to predefined inclusion criteria, and outcomes of interest will include neonatal growth, weight gain, neurodevelopmental outcomes and parent–infant bonding. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Data from included studies will be synthesised using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. If studies are sufficiently homogeneous in design, interventions and outcomes, a meta-analysis will be conducted using appropriate effect measures (eg, mean difference or standardised mean difference for continuous outcomes, and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes).

As no primary data will be collected, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be presented at relevant conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

CRD420251000485.