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Influencia de las venas colaterales en la medición del flujo del acceso vascular mediante ecografía y termodilución: estudio observacional

RESUMEN Introducción: La ecografía doppler y métodos dilucionales permiten monitorizar el flujo del acceso vascular. La presencia de venas colaterales podría influir en la determinación del flujo del acceso vascular. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de las venas colaterales en la medición del flujo del acceso vascular por ecografía doppler y por el método de termodilución. Material y Método: Estudio observacional y prospectivo. Se seleccionaron las fístulas arteriovenosas nativas que cumplían los criterios de selección. Se realizó una medición anual del flujo del acceso vascular mediante ecografía-doppler y 2 mediciones trimestrales de termodilución (termodilución-1 y termodilución-2). Para determinar la presencia de venas colaterales se empleó el ecógrafo. Resultados: Se analizaron 38 fístulas arteriovenosas nativas. Los hombres representaban el 78,9% de la muestra. El 23,6% presentaban venas colaterales. Analizando la totalidad de la muestra, se obtuvo correlación lineal entre los flujos por ecografía-doppler con los de termodilución-1 (0,694) y con termodilución-2 (0,678), ambas p<0,001. Al estratificar por venas colaterales, se observó correlación significativa entre ecografía-doppler con termodilución-1 (0,698) y termodilución-2 (0,696) ambas significativas (p<0,001) cuando no existían venas colaterales, correlación no significativa cuando si había venas colaterales. Conclusiones: Existe correlación entre la medición del flujo del acceso vascular obtenido por ecografía-doppler y termodilución; la presencia de venas colaterales modifica esta relación. Es necesario implementar programas de vigilancia del acceso vascular que incluyan diferentes métodos de monitorización, para mitigar el efecto que las venas colaterales tienen en la determinación del flujo del acceso vascular.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Doppler ultrasound and dilutional methods allow monitoring of vascular access flow. The presence of collateral veins may influence the determination of vascular access flow. Objective: To determine the influence of collateral veins on the vascular access flow measurement by Doppler ultrasound and by the thermodilution method. Material and Method: Observational and prospective study. Native arteriovenous fistulas that met the selection criteria were selected. An annual measurement of vascular access flow by Doppler ultrasound and two quarterly thermodilution measurements (thermodilution-1 and thermodilution-2) were performed. Ultrasound was used to determine the presence of collateral veins. Results: Thirty-eight native arteriovenous fistulae were analysed. Males accounted for 78.9% of the sample. Collateral veins were present in 23.6% of cases. Analysing the whole sample, a linear correlation was obtained between ultrasound-Doppler flows with thermodilution-1 (0.694) and thermodilution-2 (0.678), (both p<0.001). When stratified by collateral veins, when no collateral veins were present, there was a significant correlation between Doppler ultrasound with thermodilution-1 (0.698) and thermodilution-2 (0.696) (both p<0.001)); whereas the correlation was non-significant when collateral veins were present. Conclusions: There is correlation between vascular access flow measurement obtained by Doppler ultrasound and thermodilution; the presence of collateral veins modifies such relationship. It is necessary to implement vascular access surveillance programs that include different monitoring methods in order to mitigate the effect of collateral veins on vascular access flow determination.

Análisis del uso de mupirocina en la cura del orificio sano en diálisis peritoneal

RESUMEN Introducción: La infección del orificio de salida del catéter de diálisis peritoneal es una complicación importante en la diálisis peritoneal, que puede evolucionar hacia una tunelitis y/o infección peritoneal, lo que suele conllevar una retirada del mismo. Objetivo: Analizar el uso de mupirocina en la cura del orificio sano y su repercusión en la ratio de infecciones del orificio de salida y en el porcentaje de infecciones peritoneales dependientes de catéter. Material y Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, en una unidad de diálisis peritoneal provincial. Se incluyeron a todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años, que realizaron diálisis peritoneal en domicilio del 01/01/2019 hasta el 31/12/2021. Las variables analizadas, fueron: sexo , ratio de infección de orificio anual, gérmenes responsables, infecciones peritoneales dependientes de catéter y aparición de resistencias. Los datos se obtuvieron del registro anual de la unidad. Resultados: Tras la incorporación del uso de mupirocina 2 veces por semana en la cura del orificio de salida sano disminuyó la ratio de infección del orificio de salida, pasando de 0,47 episodio/paciente/año en 2019, a una ratio de 0,32 en 2020 y de 0,16 en 2021, disminuyendo el porcentaje de infecciones peritoneales dependientes de catéter de 38% en 2019, al 30% en 2020 y del 8% en 2021. No se han objetivado resistencias a antibióticos, ni otros efectos indeseados. Conclusiones: El uso de mupirocina en nuestra unidad parece ser eficaz en la reducción de las infecciones del orificio de salida, y de las infecciones peritoneales dependientes de catéter.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Outflow tract infection is an important complication in peritoneal dialysis, mainly because it can progress to tunelitis and/or catheter-dependent peritoneal infection that often leads to catheter removal. Objective: To analyse the mupirocin application in the management of the healthy exit site and the impact on the infection rate and the percentage of catheter-dependent peritoneal infections. Material and Method: Retrospective observational study in a provincial peritoneal dialysis unit. Patients over 18 years of age who underwent peritoneal dialysis at home from 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2021 were included. Variables analysed were: sex, yearly orifice infection rate, responsible germs, catheter-dependent peritoneal infections and appearance of resistance. Data were obtained from the unit’s annual registry. Results: Twice-weekly mupirocin application in healthy peritoneal catheter exit site care has decreased the rate of exit site infections from 0.47 episode/patient/year in 2019 to 0.32 in 2020 and 0.16 in 2021, decreasing the percentage of catheter-dependent peritoneal infections from 38% in 2019 to 30% in 2020 and 8% in 2021. No resistance has been observed. Conclusions: Mupirocin application in our unit appears to be effective in reducing exit site infections and catheter-dependent peritoneal infections.

Tratamiento renal sustitutivo con diálisis en el paciente diabético

RESUMEN Introducción: La nefropatía diabética es una de las complicaciones más importantes de la diabetes. Su desarrollo va desde estadios iniciales, hasta insuficiencia renal crónica terminal, requiriendo la entrada en un programa de tratamiento renal sustitutivo. Objetivos: Conocer y sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre el tratamiento renal sustitutivo con diálisis en el paciente diabético. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión integrativa siguiendo las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA, en las bases de datos PubMed y Scielo. La estrategia de búsqueda se estableció con los siguientes términos MeSH: "Diabetes Mellitus", "Renal Dialysis", "Hemodialysis", "Kidney diseases", "Renal replacement therapy", "Kidney treatment", "Diabetic foot". Resultados: Se seleccionaron 22 artículos. De ellos, 17 fueron revisiones sistemáticas, 1 guía de práctica clínica, 1 estudio descriptivo transversal, 1 estudio observacional analítico, y 2 capítulos de libro. De la revisión emergieron las siguientes variables: tipo de diabetes, edad, evolución, tipo de tratamiento renal sustitutivo, pie diabético y prevención. Conclusiones: Se observa una gran heterogeneidad en la evolución de la nefropatía diabética. Por lo tanto, determinar el tratamiento renal sustitutivo para el paciente diabético se convierte en un desafío. El manejo del pie diabético, como principal complicación de estos pacientes, se centra en la prevención, apoyada por una buena educación. La prevalencia de la nefropatía diabética va en aumento, por lo que una mejora en la estrategia de prevención de la enfermedad podría cambiar el curso de la misma.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is among the most important complications of diabetes. Development ranges from early stages to end-stage chronic renal failure, requiring entrance into a renal replacement therapy program. Objectives: To identify and synthesise the scientific evidence on renal replacement therapy in diabetic patients. Methodology: An integrative review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines in the PubMed and Scielo databases. The search strategy was established with the following MeSH terms: "Diabetes Mellitus", "Renal Dialysis", "Hemodialysis", "Kidney diseases", "Renal replacement therapy", "Kidney treatment", "Diabetic foot". Results: Twenty-two articles were selected. Among which 17 were systematic reviews, 1 clinical practice guideline, 1 cross-sectional descriptive study, 1 analytical observational study, and 2 book chapters. The following variables emerged from the review: type of diabetes, age, evolution, type of renal replacement therapy, diabetic foot and prevention. Conclusions: A great heterogeneity in the evolution of diabetic nephropathy is observed. Determining renal replacement therapy for diabetic patients is therefore a challenge. Management of the diabetic foot, as the main complication in such patients, focuses on prevention, supported by good education. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy is increasing, thus an improvement in the disease prevention strategy could change the progression of the disease.

Impacto de una intervención educativa nutricional para pacientes en hemodiálisis medido mediante la escala Malnutrición Inflamación y la bioimpedancia eléctrica

RESUMEN Introducción: Los pacientes en hemodiálisis pueden presentar alteraciones en su composición corporal, para ello las unidades de nefrología cuentan con herramientas, como son la bioimpedancia y la escala “Malnutrition Inflamation Score” para prevenir, detectar y diagnosticar estados de desnutrición. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa sobre el estado nutricional de los pacientes en hemodiálisis, medido mediante la escala Malnutrición Inflamación y la bioimpedancia. Material y Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental realizado en 48 pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, de composición corporal de los pacientes en dos mediciones, mediante bioimpedancia y escala de malnutrición MIS. Los pacientes que presentaron una puntuación de la escala MIS≥6 recibieron una intervención nutricional, evaluándolos nuevamente a los 6 meses. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 69,9±13,6 años, 29 (60,41%) eran hombres. Los pacientes llevaban en tratamiento con hemodiálisis una mediana de tiempo de 24(P25:10,3-P75:59,3) meses. Los pacientes que presentaron valores de la escala MIS≥6 fueron 24(50%), recibiendo la intervención educativa. En los pacientes que no recibieron la intervención el resultado MIS empeoró a los 6 meses (3,4 vs 5,4, p=0,002). Conclusiones: Aquellas personas que no recibieron una intervención educativa empeoraron sus resultados nutricionales frente a quienes si la recibieron. Cabe destacar la importancia de utilizar de forma sistematizada instrumentos validados, como la bioimpedancia y la escala MIS, para hacer un seguimiento del estado nutricional de los pacientes en hemodiálisis.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Hemodialysis patients may present alterations in body composition. Nephrology units have tools such as bioimpedance and the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) to prevent, detect and diagnose malnutrition. Objective: To assess the impact of an educational intervention on the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients using the MIS and bioimpedance. Material and Method: Quasi-experimental study carried out in 48 hemodialysis patients. Sociodemographic and clinical variables as well as patient body composition were analysed in two measurements using bioimpedance and MIS. Patients with an MIS≥6 received a nutritional intervention, with a reassessment at 6 months. Results: Mean age was 69.9±13.6 years; 29 (60.41%) were male. Patients had been on hemodialysis for a median of 24 (P25:10.3-P75:59.3) months. Patients with MIS values≥6 were 24 (50%), receiving such an educational intervention. In patients who did not receive the intervention the MIS value worsened at 6 months (3.4 vs. 5.4, p=0.002). Conclusions: People who did not receive an educational intervention worsened their nutritional outcomes compared to those who did. The importance of systematically using validated instruments such as bioimpedance and the MIS to monitor the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients should be emphasised.

Influencia de la orientación de la luz arterial del catéter venoso central tunelizado para hemodiálisis en la disfunción precoz

RESUMEN Introducción: La disfunción y las infecciones son las causas más frecuentes de retirada de los catéteres venosos centrales tunelizados para hemodiálisis. Objetivo: Analizar si la orientación lateral o medial de la luz arterial de los catéteres influye en su disfunción precoz. Material y Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo de 24 meses de duración. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos en hemodiálisis a los que se les canaliza por vez primera un catéter venoso tunelizado modelo Palindrome® o Bioflo Duramax®. Variables: orientación de luz arterial, modelo de catéter, socio-demográficas-clínicas, flujos de bomba de sangre, presiones arteriales y venosas, conductancia, complicaciones y características definitorias de disfunción precoz. Resultados: Se estudiaron 178 pacientes, con una edad media 64,4±15,1 años; 108 hombres; 105 con luz arterial en orientación lateral y 73 con orientación medial. Hubo disfunción precoz en 30 casos (16,9%): orientación lateral 63,3% (n=19) vs orientación medial 36,7% (n=11), (p=0,621). En todos los casos con disfunción precoz, fue necesario invertir las luces de los catéteres a las conexiones del circuito extracorpóreo, por un flujo de bomba< 250 ml/min, siendo más frecuente en los catéteres Palindrome® con luz arterial en orientación lateral, 87,5% (n=7) vs orientación medial 12,5% (n=1), (p=0,063). Conclusiones: En nuestra muestra, la orientación de la luz arterial no influyó en la disfunción precoz de los catéteres.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Dysfunction and infections are the most frequent causes of removal of tunneled central venous hemodialysis catheters. Objective: To analyse whether the lateral or medial orientation of the catheter’s arterial line influences early dysfunction. Material and Method: Prospective observational study of 24 months’ duration. Adult hemodialysis patients undergoing first-time cannulation of a tunneled venous catheter of the Palindrome® or Bioflo Duramax® model were included. Variables: arterial line orientation, catheter model, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, blood pump flows, arterial and venous pressures, conductance, complications and defining characteristics of early dysfunction. Results: A total of 178 patients were studied, mean age 64.4±15.1 years; 108 men; 105 with arterial line in lateral orientation and 73 with medial orientation. There was early dysfunction in 30 cases (16.9%): lateral orientation 63.3% (n=19) vs medial orientation 36.7% (n=11), (p=0.621). In all cases with early dysfunction, it was necessary to reverse the catheter line to the extracorporeal circuit connections, due to a pump flow <250 ml/min, being more frequent in Palindrome® catheters with arterial line in lateral orientation, 87.5% (n=7) vs medial orientation 12.5% (n=1), (p=0.063). Conclusions: In our sample, arterial line orientation did not influence early catheter dysfunction.

Prevención de la enfermedad renal crónica en adultos: una revisión bibliográfica

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica avanza de forma lenta, silenciosa y progresiva, su prevención juega un papel importante, para evitar el comienzo del daño renal y potenciar el tratamiento. Objetivo: Describir la prevención de la enfermedad renal crónica en adultos. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de tipo descriptiva, realizada en base de datos especializadas (PubMed, ProQuest, Scielo, Karger y Redalyc), en centros especializados de información (BVS) y revistas científicas (Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, American Journal of Nephrology), desde enero de 2010 a julio de 2021. Resultados: 20 artículos fueron seleccionados y se identificaron 3 categorías: “Prevención primaria: medidas para evitar la adquisición de la enfermedad”, “Prevención secundaria: Marcadores renales para la detección temprana de la enfermedad renal crónica”, “Comportamiento del personal de salud ante la prevención de la enfermedad renal crónica”. Conclusiones: La prevención de la enfermedad renal crónica en adultos, es abordada la mayoría de casos en los dos primeros niveles de prevención. En el primer nivel mediante sesiones educativas y control de la presión arterial. En el segundo nivel, las acciones van dirigidas a la detección precoz mediante el uso de marcadores renales como la tasa de filtración glomerular y la microalbuminuria.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease progresses slowly, silently and progressively. Prevention is crucial to avoid the onset of kidney damage and to enhance treatment. Objective: To describe the prevention of chronic kidney disease in adulthood. Methodology: Descriptive literature review carried out in specialised databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Scielo, Karger and Redalyc), specialised information centres and scientific journals (Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, American Journal of Nephrology). Manuscripts published from January 2010 to July 2021. Results: Twenty articles were selected and three categories were identified: “Primary prevention: measures to prevent the acquired disease”, “Secondary prevention: renal markers for early detection of chronic kidney disease”, “ Healthcare workers’ behaviour towards the prevention of chronic kidney disease”. Conclusions: Prevention of chronic kidney disease in adulthood is mostly addressed at the first two prevention levels. In the first level, by means of educational sessions and blood pressure control. On the second level, actions are targeted at early detection using renal markers such as glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria.

Síndrome de DRESS asociado a alopurinol con fracaso renal agudo: a propósito de un caso

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de DRESS es una reacción mucocutánea y visceral grave provocada por fármacos que puede llegar a provocar la muerte por la afectación de hígado y riñón. Caso Clínico: Varón de 46 años que presentó un exantema generalizado no pruriginoso, junto con fiebre, síntomas digestivos, adenopatías cervicales y sudoración nocturna coincidiendo con la toma previa de alopurinol. Tras el ingreso en el hospital se le diagnostica hepatitis aguda y deterioro de la función renal con oliguria, necesitando realización de hemodiálisis urgente. Tras un tratamiento multidisciplinar entre los servicios de nefrología, digestivo y hematología, el paciente es dado de alta con mejora de su función renal, pero continúa en seguimiento ambulatorio. Conclusiones: El alopurinol, fármaco muy utilizado en la práctica clínica, puede tener reacciones adversas muy graves, poniendo en riesgo la vida del paciente. El síndrome de DRESS, al ser muy poco frecuente, no tiene un tratamiento estandarizado. En el caso concreto de nuestro paciente, una detección temprana, junto a un tratamiento efectivo, con recambios plasmáticos con albúmina, hemodiálisis y corticoides, propiciaron una evolución favorable del paciente, con recuperación de la función renal.
ABSTRACT Introduction: DRESS syndrome is a severe drug-induced mucocutaneous and visceral reaction that can be fatal due to liver and kidney damage. Case report: A 46-year-old man developed a generalised, non-pruritic rash, together with fever, digestive symptoms, cervical lymphadenopathy and night sweats coinciding with the previous intake of allopurinol. On hospital admission, he was diagnosed with acute hepatitis and deterioration of renal function including oliguria, requiring urgent hemodialysis. After a multidisciplinary treatment by the nephrology, digestive and haematology departments, the patient was discharged with an improvement in renal function, although he continued to be monitored on an ambulatory service. Conclusions: Allopurinol, a widely used drug in clinical practice, can cause severe and life-threatening adverse reactions. DRESS syndrome, being very rare, has no standardised treatment. Specifically in the case of the patient, early detection, combined with effective treatment, including plasma replacement with albumin, hemodialysis and corticosteroids, favourably influenced the patient’s evolution, with recovery of renal function.

Utilidad de la fotografía como herramienta evaluadora para la interpretación de las presiones del circuito de terapia de depuración extracorpórea renal en una unidad de cuidados intensivos

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las dificultades del personal sanitario de una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) en la interpretación de las presiones del circuito extracorpóreo renal mediante el uso de fotografías. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal, en dos UCI polivalentes de 20 camas y 82 profesionales sanitarios (médicos/ enfermeras) en noviembre de 2020. Se utilizaron 15 fotografías validadas por dos expertos de la pantalla de Prismaflex®, con cuatro opciones de respuesta: problemas línea entrada, problemas línea retorno, coagulación, filtro y funcionamiento correcto. Una era la correcta. Resultados: Participaron 66 profesionales (80,5% muestra). Se clasificaron correctamente el 71,7% (IC:95% 68,8-74,4) de las fotografías. La media de respuestas correctas fue de 9,9 (DE=2,4). Las fotografías interpretadas con más dificultad fueron las de la línea de retorno con porcentajes de aciertos del 50%. Los profesionales con formación obtuvieron una media de aciertos de 10,8 (DE=2,5) frente al 9,1 (DE=2,1) de los sin formación (p<0,01). Se estableció una asociación lineal positiva entre años de experiencia profesional y aciertos r= 0,5 p=0,01. La media de aciertos de las enfermeras fue de 10,1 (DE=2,2), frente al 9,4 (DE=3) de los médicos (p=0,4). Conclusiones: Una cuarta parte de las fotografías son clasificadas erróneamente, especialmente las referentes al acceso venoso. Los profesionales con formación y más experiencia tienen menos dificultades. Aunque la enfermera es la encargada del control del circuito no existen diferencias entre médicos y enfermeras. Es necesario formar especialmente a las nuevas incorporaciones ya que conocer la hemodinamia del circuito contribuye a mejorar la eficacia del tratamiento.
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the difficulties of intensive care unit (ICU) staff in interpreting renal extracorporeal circuit pressures using photographs Material and Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in two multi-purpose intensive care units with 20 beds and 82 healthcare professionals (doctors/nurses) during November 2020. Fifteen photographs validated by two experts of the Prismaflex® screen were used, with four response options: line-in problems, line-out problems, coagulation, filter and correct operation. One was correct Results: A total of 66 professionals participated (80.5% sample). A total of 71.7% (95%CI 68.8-74.4) of the photographs were correctly classified. The mean number of correct answers was 9.9 (SD=2.4). Photographs interpreted with the greatest difficulty were those of the return line, with a correctness rate of 50%. Trained professionals obtained a mean number of correct answers of 10.8 (SD=2.5) compared to 9.1 (SD=2.1) for untrained professionals (p<0.01). A positive linear association was established between seniority and number of correct answers (r=0.5, p=0.01). The mean number of correct answers for nurses was 10.1 (SD=2.2), compared to 9.4 (SD=3) for physicians (p=0.4). Conclusions: A quarter of the photographs were misclassified, especially those concerning venous access. Trained and more experienced professionals have fewer difficulties. While the nurse is in charge of circuit control, there are no differences between physicians and nurses. Especially junior nurses need to be trained to know the haemodynamic of the extracorporeal circuit, thus contributing to improve the effectiveness of the treatment.

UK consensus definitions for necrotising otitis externa: a Delphi study

Por: Hodgson · S. H. · Khan · M. M. · Patrick-Smith · M. · Martinez-Devesa · P. · Stapleton · E. · Williams · O. M. · Pretorius · P. · McNally · M. · Andersson · M. I. · on behalf of UK NOE Collaborative
Objective

To establish consensus definitions for necrotising otitis externa (NOE) to facilitate the diagnosis and exclusion of NOE in clinical practice and expedite future high-quality study of this neglected condition.

Design

The work comprised of a systematic review of the literature, five iterative rounds of consultation via a Delphi process and open discussion within the collaborative. An expert panel analysed the results to produce the final outputs which were shared with and endorsed by national specialty bodies.

Setting

Secondary care in the UK.

Participants

UK clinical specialists practising in infection, ear nose and throat (ENT) surgery or radiology.

Main outcome measures

Definitions and statements meeting the following criteria were accepted: (a) minimum of 70% of respondents in agreement or strong agreement with a definition/statement AND (b)

Results

Seventy-four UK clinicians specialising in ENT, Infection and Radiology with a special interest in NOE took part in the work which was undertaken between 2019 and 2021. The minimum response rate for a Round was 76%. Consensus criteria for all proposed case definitions, outcome definitions and consensus statements were met in the fifth round.

Conclusions

This work distills the clinical opinion of a large group of multidisciplinary specialists from across the UK to create practical definitions and statements to support clinical practice and research for NOE. This is the first step in an iterative process. Further work will seek to validate and test these definitions and inform their evolution.

Top 10 priorities for Sexual Violence and Abuse Research: Findings of the James Lind Alliance Sexual Violence Priority Setting Partnership

Por: Varese · F. · White · C. · Longden · E. · Charalambous · C. · Meehan · K. · Partington · I. · Ashman · E. · Marsh · L. · Yule · E. · Mohamed · L. · Chevous · J. · Harewood · E. · Gronlund · T. · Jones · A.-M. · Malik · S. · Maxwell · C. · Perot · C. · Sephton · S. · Taggart · D. · Tooze · L.
Objectives

To establish a James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) to identify research priorities relevant to the health and social care needs of adults with lived experience of recent and/or historical sexual violence/abuse.

Participants

Adults (aged 18+ years) with lived experience of sexual violence/abuse (ie, ‘survivors’) were consulted for this PSP, alongside healthcare and social care professionals who support survivors across the public, voluntary, community, independent practice and social enterprise sectors.

Methods

In line with standard JLA PSP methodology, participants completed an initial online survey to propose research questions relevant to the health and social care needs of survivors. Research questions unanswered by current evidence were identified, and a second online survey was deployed to identify respondents’ priorities from this list. Questions prioritised through the second survey were presented at a consensus meeting with key stakeholders to agree the top 10 research priorities using a modified nominal group technique approach.

Results

223 participants (54% survivors) provided 484 suggested questions. Seventy-five unique questions unanswered by research were identified and subsequently ranked by 343 participants (60% survivors). A consensus meeting with 31 stakeholders (42% survivors) examined the top-ranking priorities from the second survey and agreed the top 10 research priorities. These included research into forms of support and recovery outcomes valued by survivors, how to best support people of colour/black, Asian and minority ethnic and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) survivors, improving access to high-quality psychological therapies, reducing public misconceptions/stigma, the impact of involvement in the criminal justice system on well-being, and how physical and mental health services can become more ‘trauma informed’.

Conclusions

These research priorities identify crucial gaps in the existing evidence to better support adult survivors of sexual violence and abuse. Researchers and funders should prioritise further work in these priority areas identified by survivors and the professionals who support them.

Family coaching during Spontaneous Awakening Trials and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (FamCAB): pilot study protocol

Por: Shahid · A. · Johnstone · C. · Sept · B. G. · Kupsch · S. · Soo · A. · Fiest · K. M. · Stelfox · H. T.
Introduction

Many patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) require weaning from deep sedation (Spontaneous Awakening Trials, SATs) and mechanical ventilation (Spontaneous Breathing Trials, SBTs) in their journey to recovery. These procedures can be distressing for patients and their families. The presence of family members as ‘coaches’ during SATs/SBTs could provide patients with reassurance, reduce stress for patients and families and potentially improve procedural success rates.

Methods and analysis

This study will be executed in two phases:

  • Development of a coaching module: a working group including patient partners (i.e., former ICU patients or family members of former ICU patients), researchers, and ICU clinicians will develop an educational module on family coaching during SATs/SBTs (FamCAB). This module will provide families of critically ill patients basic information about SATs/SBTs as well as coaching guidance.

  • Pilot testing: family members of ICU patients will complete the FamCAB module and provide information on: (1) demographics, (2) anxiety and (3) satisfaction with care in the ICU. Family members will then coach the patient through the next clinically indicated SATs and/or SBTs. Information around duration of time and success rates of SATs and/or SBTs (ability to conduct a complete assessment) alongside feedback will be collected. ICU clinical staff (including physicians and nurses) will be asked for feedback on practicality and perceived benefits or drawbacks of family coaching during these procedures. Feasibility and acceptability of family coaching in SATs/SBTs will be determined.

  • Discussion

    The results of this work will inform whether a larger study to explore family coaching during SATs/SBTs is warranted.

    Ethics and dissemination

    This study has received ethical approval from the University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board. Results from this pilot study will be made available via peer-reviewed journals and presented at critical care conferences on completion.

    Effectiveness of an oral health curriculum in reducing dental caries increment and improving oral hygiene behaviour among schoolchildren of Ernakulam district in Kerala, India: study protocol for a cluster randomised trial

    Por: Das · H. · Janakiram · C. · Ramanarayanan · V. · Karuveettil · V. · Kumar · V. · Balachandran · P. · Varma · B. · John · D.
    Introduction

    Children’s learning abilities suffer when their oral health is compromised. Inadequate oral health can harm children’s quality of life, academic performance, and future success and achievements. Oral health problems may result in appetite loss, depression, increased inattentiveness, and distractibility from play and schoolwork, all of which can lower self-esteem and contribute to academic failure. An oral health curriculum, in addition to the standard school curriculum, may instil preventive oral hygiene behaviour in school students, enabling them to retain good oral health for the rest of their lives. Because most children attend school, the school setting is the most effective for promoting behavioural change in children. A ‘health-promoting school’ actively promotes health by enhancing its ability to serve as a healthy place to live, learn and work, bringing health and education together. Making every school a health-promoting school is one of the joint objectives of the WHO and UNICEF. The primary objective of this proposed study is to assess the effectiveness of an oral health curriculum intervention in reducing dental caries incidence and improving oral hygiene behaviour among high school children in grades 8–10 of the Ernakulam district in Kerala, India. If found to be effective in changing children’s behaviour in a positive way, an oral health curriculum may eventually be incorporated into the school health curriculum in the future. Classroom interventions can serve as a cost-effective tool to increase children’s oral health awareness.

    Methods and analysis

    This protocol presents a cluster randomised trial design. It is a parallel-group comparative trial with two arms having a 1:1 distribution—groups A and B with oral health curriculum intervention from a dental professional and a schoolteacher, respectively. High schools (grades 8–10) will be selected as clusters for the trial. The minimum cluster size is 20 students per school. The total sample size is 2000 high school children. Data will be collected at three time points, including baseline, after 1 year (mid-term) and 2 years (final), respectively. The outcome measures are Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth Index; Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified; and knowledge, attitude and behaviour. Data collection will be done by clinical oral examination and questionnaire involving oral health-related knowledge, attitude and behaviour items.

    Ethics and dissemination

    Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (dated 19 July 2022, no: IEC-AIMS-2022-ASD-179).

    Trial registration number

    Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2022/09/045410).

    Nurses understanding and management of iron deficiency in Australia: a cross-sectional, exploratory study

    Por: O'Sullivan · T. A. · Jayasuriya · P. H. · Tsalis · N. · Calogero · N. · Manocha · R.
    Objectives

    To assess the experiences and knowledge of nurses in the area of iron deficiency.

    Design

    A cross-sectional, exploratory study using online survey.

    Setting

    Data were collected from nurses working at various primary, secondary and tertiary Australian health practices and organisations.

    Participants

    Australian nurses currently in practice.

    Method

    Australian nurses currently in practice were invited to complete an online survey about their work background, personal experiences with iron deficiency and iron-deficiency identification and treatment. The survey included a nine-item questionnaire to assess knowledge of iron-deficiency risk factors and biochemistry.

    Results

    A total of 534 eligible nurses participated in the survey. Participants were more likely to be female, aged 55–64 years, and working in general practice. Just under half (45.1%) reported being diagnosed with iron deficiency themselves. Unusual fatigue or tiredness was the most frequent symptom that alerted nurses to potential iron deficiency in patients (reported by 91.9% of nurses). Nurses who had participated in formal training around iron deficiency in the last 5 years demonstrated a significantly higher knowledge score (4.2±2.1) compared with those who had not or were not sure about their formal training status (3.7±1.9, p=0.035). Knowledge around the understanding of functional iron deficiency was limited.

    Conclusions

    Nurses report personal experiences of iron deficiency and show good knowledge of symptoms, demonstrating the potential for them to take a leading role in managing iron deficiency in patients. Educational programmes are required to address knowledge gaps and should be offered via various methods to accommodate a diverse nurse cohort. Our research highlights the potential for an expanded scope of practice for nurses in the primary care setting in the area of iron deficiency.

    Maternal death surveillance efforts: notification and review coverage rates in 30 low-income and middle-income countries, 2015-2019

    Por: Serbanescu · F. · Monet · J.-P. · Whiting-Collins · L. · Moran · A. C. · Hsia · J. · Brun · M.
    Objective

    Performance of maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR) relies on the system’s ability to identify and notify all maternal deaths and its ability to review all maternal deaths by a committee. Unified definitions for indicators to assess these functions are lacking. We aim to estimate notification and review coverage rates in 30 countries between 2015 and 2019 using standardised definitions.

    Design

    Repeat cross-sectional surveys provided the numerators for the coverage indicators; United Nations (UN)-modelled expected country maternal deaths provided the denominators.

    Setting

    30 low-income and middle-income countries responding to the Maternal Health Thematic Fund annual surveys conducted by the UN Population Fund between 2015 and 2019.

    Outcome measures

    Notification coverage rate () was calculated as the proportion of expected maternal deaths that were notified at the national level annually; review coverage rate () was calculated as the proportion of expected maternal deaths that were reviewed annually.

    Results

    The average annual for all countries increased from 17% in 2015 to 28% in 2019; the average annual increased from 8% to 13%. Between 2015 and 2019, 22 countries (73%) reported increases in the —with an average increase of 20 (SD 18) percentage points—and 24 countries (80%) reported increases in by 7 (SD 11) percentage points. Low values of contrasts with country-published review rates, ranging from 46% to 51%.

    Conclusion

    MDSR systems that count and review all maternal deaths can deliver real-time information that could prompt immediate actions and may improve maternal health. Consistent and systematic documentation of MDSR efforts may improve national and global monitoring. Assessing the notification and review functions using coverage indicators is feasible, not affected by fluctuations in data completeness and reporting, and can objectively capture progress.

    Cohort study assessing the impact of COVID-19 on venous leg ulcer management and associated clinical outcomes in clinical practice in the UK

    Por: Guest · J. F. · Fuller · G. W.
    Objective

    To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on venous leg ulcer (VLU) management by the UK’s health services and associated outcomes.

    Design

    Retrospective cohort analysis of the electronic records of patients from The Health Improvement Network database.

    Setting

    Clinical practice in primary and secondary care.

    Participants

    A cohort of 1946 patients of whom 1263, 1153 and 733 had a VLU in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

    Primary and secondary outcome measures

    Clinical outcomes and wound-related healthcare resource use.

    Results

    VLU healing rate in 2020 and 2021 decreased by 16% and 42%, respectively, compared with 2019 and time to heal increased by >85%. An estimated 3% of patients in 2020 and 2021 had a COVID-19 infection. Also, 1% of patients in both years had VLU-related sepsis, 0.1%–0.2% developed gangrene and 0.3% and 0.6% underwent an amputation on part of the foot or lower limb in 2020 and 2021 (of whom 57% had diabetes), respectively. The number of community-based face-to-face clinician visits decreased by >50% in both years and >35% fewer patients were referred to a hospital specialist. In 2020 and 2021, up to 20% of patients were prescribed dressings without compression compared with 5% in 2019. The total number of wound care products prescribed in 2020 and 2021 was >50% less than that prescribed in 2019, possibly due to the decreased frequency of dressing change from a mean of once every 11 days in 2019 to once every 21 days in 2020 and 2021.

    Conclusions

    There was a significant trend towards decreasing care during 2020 and 2021, which was outside the boundaries considered to be good care. This led to poorer outcomes including lower VLU healing rates and increased risk of amputation. Hence, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had a deleterious impact on the health of patients with a VLU.

    Early discontinuation and results reporting of robot-assisted surgery studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: a research on research study

    Por: Long · Y. · Hu · T. · Yang · Z. · Liu · L. · Lin · Y. · Huang · J. · Du · L.
    Objectives

    In this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of robot-assisted surgery studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and identify factors associated with early trial discontinuation and timely results reporting.

    Design

    We searched ClinicalTrials.gov to identify interventional studies on robot-assisted surgery on 24 May 2021. All structured information of the potential studies was downloaded and reviewed. A descriptive analysis was performed. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were respectively performed to determine the significance of the association of study characteristics with results reporting and early discontinuation.

    Results

    A total of 529 interventional studies on robot-assisted surgery were included, with 45 studies reporting results and 54 studies being stopped early. Of the 289 due studies, only 45 (16%) had submitted their results, and only 6 (2%) had submitted their results within the 1-year deadline. Funding source was associated with results reporting: academic funded were 63% less likely than industry to report results (OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.83, p=0.02). Studies related to device feasibility were associated with greater risk of early discontinuation compared to treatment-related studies (HR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.89, p=0.03). Surprisingly, National Institutes of Health-funded studies were at greater hazard of discontinuation compared to industry-funded studies (HR=3.30, 95% CI: 1.09 to 10.00, p=0.04).

    Conclusions

    There was poor compliance with results reporting requirements for robot-assisted surgical studies. It is important that investigators remain informed about the regulatory requirements, and should be helped to develop a sense of responsibility for reporting results. Also, they need to ensure the careful design of the study protocol and adequate resources to reduce the risk of early discontinuation.

    Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to reduce mental health related stigma in the workplace: a systematic review

    Por: Toth · M. D. · Ihionvien · S. · Leduc · C. · Aust · B. · Amann · B. L. · Cresswell-Smith · J. · Reich · H. · Cully · G. · Sanches · S. · Fanaj · N. · Qirjako · G. · Tsantila · F. · Ross · V. · Mathieu · S. · Pashoja · A. C. · Arensman · E. · Purebl · G. · MENTUPP Consortium
    Objectives

    Increasing access to mental health support is a key factor for treating mental disorders, however, important barriers complicate help-seeking, among them, mental health related stigma being most prominent. We aimed to systematically review the current evidence for interventions focusing on reducing stigma related to mental health problems in small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

    Design

    Systematic review with a focus on interventions targeting mental health related stigma in the workplace in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies Scale.

    Data sources

    PubMed, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and Google Scholar were searched from January 2010 until November 2022.

    Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

    We included experimental or quasi-experimental studies about workplace interventions aiming to reduce stigma, where the outcomes were measured in terms of stigmatisation against depression, anxiety and/or other mental health problems.

    Data extraction and synthesis

    Records were screened by two independent reviewers after inspecting titles and abstracts and a full-text read of the articles to assess whether they meet inclusion criteria. The results were synthesised narratively.

    Results

    We identified 22 intervention studies, 3 with high quality, 13 with moderate quality and 6 with weak quality. Only 2 studies included SMEs, but no study focused on SMEs exclusively . The mode of delivery of the intervention was face to face in 15 studies, online in 4 studies and mixed in 3 studies. We found a significant reduction in stigmatising attitudes in almost all studies (20/22), using 10 different instruments/scales. Effects seemed to be independent of company size. Online interventions were found to be shorter, but seemed to be as effective as face-to-face interventions.

    Conclusions

    Although we did not find interventions focusing exclusively on SMEs, it is likely that antistigma interventions also will work in smaller workplaces.

    Trial registration

    PROSPERO: ID: CRD42020191307

    Listening effort and downstream effects due to hearing loss in children and young people: an online quantitative questionnaire-based observational study

    Por: Shields · C. A. · Sladen · M. · Rajai · A. · Guest · H. · Bruce · I. · Kluk · K. · Nichani · J.
    Introduction

    The clinical application of listening effort (LE) is challenging due to the lack of consensus regarding measuring the concept. Correlational analysis between different measuring instruments shows conditional and weak relationships, indicating they capture different dimensions of LE. Current research has suggested possible links between LE and downstream consequences such as fatigue, stress and confidence. One way to clinically measure LE would be to focus on its corollaries. Further research is needed to explore whether tools used to measure these downstream effects can be applied to capture LE. This study explores using existing questionnaire-based outcome instruments to evaluate LE and its associated consequences in children and young people (CYP), with and without hearing loss.

    Methods and analysis

    One hundred CYP aged 12–17 years with normal hearing and a range of hearing loss levels will be invited to complete a series of online questionnaires (Speech, Spatial and Qualities, Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale–Child, Perceived Stress Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and a hearing test (Digits in Noise). They will complete the questionnaires at two time points (1) at the end of a rest day and (2) at the end of a workday. Standard demographic and hearing health information will be collected. The sample size was determined pragmatically due to a lack of comparable published data to power the study. Tests are exploratory and for generating hypotheses; therefore, the standard criterion of p

    Ethics and dissemination

    This study has been reviewed within the funding organisation (Cochlear Research and Development Limited) by an independent and relevant peer reviewer/committee. This study has had a favourable ethics committee review by both NHS ethics and University of Manchester ethics. The study will be disseminated through newsletters, publication and presentations at conferences. The results will be made available to participants on request.

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