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The important factors nurses consider when choosing shift patterns: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Aim

To gain a deeper understanding of what is important to nurses when thinking about shift patterns and the organisation of working time.

Design

A cross-sectional survey of nursing staff working across the UK and Ireland collected quantitative and qualitative responses.

Methods

We recruited from two National Health Service Trusts and through an open call via trade union membership, online/print nursing profession magazines and social media. Worked versus preferred shift length/pattern, satisfaction and choice over shift patterns and nurses' views on aspects related to work and life (when working short, long, rotating shifts) were analysed with comparisons of proportions of agreement and crosstabulation. Qualitative responses on important factors related to shift preferences were analysed with inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Eight hundred and seventy-three survey responses were collected. When nurses worked long shifts and rotating shifts, lower proportions reported being satisfied with their shifts and working their preferred shift length and pattern. Limited advantages were realised when comparing different shift types; however, respondents more frequently associated ‘low travel costs’ and ‘better ability to do paid overtime’ with long shifts and ‘healthy diet/exercise’ with short shifts; aspects related to rotating shifts often had the lowest proportions of agreement. In the qualitative analysis, three themes were developed: ‘When I want to work’, ‘Impacts to my life outside work’ and ‘Improving my work environment’. Reasons for nurses' shift preferences were frequently related to nurses' priorities outside of work, highlighting the importance of organising schedules that support a good work-life balance.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

General scheduling practices like adhering to existing shift work guidelines, using consistent and predictable shift patterns and facilitating flexibility over working time were identified by nurses as enablers for their preferences and priorities. These practices warrant meaningful consideration when establishing safe and efficient nurse rosters.

Patient or Public Contribution

This survey was developed and tested with a diverse group of stakeholders, including nursing staff, patients, union leads and ward managers.

Reporting Method

The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies (STROBE) checklist for cross-sectional studies was used to guide reporting.

Cohort study to characterise surgical site infections after open surgery in the UKs National Health Service

Por: Guest · J. F. · Fuller · G. W. · Griffiths · B.
Objective

To characterise surgical site infections (SSIs) after open surgery in the UK’s National Health Service.

Design

Retrospective cohort analysis of electronic records of patients from Clinical Practice Research Datalink, linked with Hospital Episode Statistics’ secondary care datasets.

Setting

Clinical practice in the community and secondary care.

Participants

Cohort of 50 000 adult patients who underwent open surgery between 2017 and 2022.

Outcome measures

Incidence of SSI, clinical outcomes, patterns of care and costs of wound management.

Results

11% (5281/50 000) of patients developed an SSI a mean of 18.4±14.7 days after their surgical procedure, of which 15% (806/5281) were inpatients and 85% (4475/5281) were in the community after hospital discharge. The incidence of SSI varied according to anatomical site of surgery. The incidence also varied according to a patient’s risk and whether they underwent an emergency procedure. SSI onset reduced the 6 months healing rate by a mean of 3 percentage points and increased time to wound healing by a mean of 15 days per wound. SSIs were predominantly managed in the community by practice and district nurses and 16% (850/5281) of all patients were readmitted into hospital. The total health service cost of surgical wound management following SSI onset was a mean of £3537 per wound ranging from £2542 for a low-risk patient who underwent an elective procedure to £4855 for a high-risk patient who underwent an emergency procedure.

Conclusions

This study provides important insights into several aspects of SSI management in clinical practice in the UK that have been difficult to ascertain from surveillance data. Surgeons are unlikely to be fully aware of the true incidence of SSI and how they are managed once patients are discharged from hospital. Current SSI surveillance services appear to be under-reporting the actual incidence.

Cost-effectiveness of Spironolactone for Adult Female Acne (SAFA): economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial

Por: Pyne · S. · Sach · T. H. · Lawrence · M. · Renz · S. · Eminton · Z. · Stuart · B. · Thomas · K. S. · Francis · N. · Soulsby · I. · Thomas · K. · Permyakova · N. V. · Ridd · M. J. · Little · P. · Muller · I. · Nuttall · J. · Griffiths · G. · Layton · A. M. · Santer · M.
Objective

This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of oral spironolactone plus routine topical treatment compared with routine topical treatment alone for persistent acne in adult women from a British NHS perspective over 24 weeks.

Design

Economic evaluation undertaken alongside a pragmatic, parallel, double-blind, randomised trial.

Setting

Primary and secondary healthcare, community and social media advertising.

Participants

Women ≥18 years with persistent facial acne judged to warrant oral antibiotic treatment.

Interventions

Participants were randomised 1:1 to 50 mg/day spironolactone (increasing to 100 mg/day after 6 weeks) or matched placebo until week 24. Participants in both groups could continue topical treatment.

Main outcome measures

Cost-utility analysis assessed incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) using the EQ-5D-5L. Cost-effectiveness analysis estimated incremental cost per unit change on the Acne-QoL symptom subscale. Adjusted analysis included randomisation stratification variables (centre, baseline severity (investigator’s global assessment, IGA

Results

Spironolactone did not appear cost-effective in the complete case analysis (n=126 spironolactone, n=109 control), compared with no active systemic treatment (adjusted incremental cost per QALY £67 191; unadjusted £34 770). Incremental cost per QALY was £27 879 (adjusted), just below the upper National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s threshold value of £30 000, where multiple imputation took account of missing data. Incremental cost per QALY for other sensitivity analyses varied around the base-case, highlighting the degree of uncertainty. The adjusted incremental cost per point change on the Acne-QoL symptom subscale for spironolactone compared with no active systemic treatment was £38.21 (complete case analysis).

Conclusions

The results demonstrate a high level of uncertainty, particularly with respect to estimates of incremental QALYs. Compared with no active systemic treatment, spironolactone was estimated to be marginally cost-effective where multiple imputation was performed but was not cost-effective in complete case analysis.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN12892056).

Specialist healthcare services for concussion/mild traumatic brain injury in England: a consensus statement using modified Delphi methodology

Por: Karvandi · E. · Helmy · A. · Kolias · A. G. · Belli · A. · Ganau · M. · Gomes · C. · Grey · M. · Griffiths · M. · Griffiths · T. · Griffiths · P. · Holliman · D. · Jenkins · P. · Jones · B. · Lawrence · T. · McLoughlin · T. · McMahon · C. · Messahel · S. · Newton · J. · Noad · R. · Raymont
Objective

To establish a consensus on the structure and process of healthcare services for patients with concussion in England to facilitate better healthcare quality and patient outcome.

Design

This consensus study followed the modified Delphi methodology with five phases: participant identification, item development, two rounds of voting and a meeting to finalise the consensus statements. The predefined threshold for agreement was set at ≥70%.

Setting

Specialist outpatient services.

Participants

Members of the UK Head Injury Network were invited to participate. The network consists of clinical specialists in head injury practising in emergency medicine, neurology, neuropsychology, neurosurgery, paediatric medicine, rehabilitation medicine and sports and exercise medicine in England.

Primary outcome measure

A consensus statement on the structure and process of specialist outpatient care for patients with concussion in England.

Results

55 items were voted on in the first round. 29 items were removed following the first voting round and 3 items were removed following the second voting round. Items were modified where appropriate. A final 18 statements reached consensus covering 3 main topics in specialist healthcare services for concussion; care pathway to structured follow-up, prognosis and measures of recovery, and provision of outpatient clinics.

Conclusions

This work presents statements on how the healthcare services for patients with concussion in England could be redesigned to meet their health needs. Future work will seek to implement these into the clinical pathway.

Designing intervention prototypes to improve infant and young child nutrition in Peru: a participatory design study protocol

Por: Rousham · E. · Pareja · R. G. · Creed-Kanashiro · H. M. · Bartolini · R. · Pradeilles · R. · Ortega-Roman · D. · Holdsworth · M. · Griffiths · P. · Verdezoto · N.
Introduction

Nutrition during the complementary feeding period (6–23 months) is critical to ensure optimal growth and reduce the risk of diet-related disease across the life course. Strategies to reduce multiple forms of malnutrition (stunting, overweight/obesity and anaemia) in infants and young children (IYC) are a key priority in low-income and middle-income countries, including Peru. This study aims to co-design and develop prototypes for interventions to address the multiple forms of malnutrition in IYC in urban Peru, using a participatory design approach.

Methods and analysis

The study will be based within peri-urban communities in two areas of Peru (Lima and Huánuco city). Following the identification of key nutritional challenges for IYC aged 6–23 months through formative research (phase I), we will conduct a series of workshops bringing together healthcare professionals from government health centres and caregivers of IYC aged 6–23 months. Workshops (on idea generation; creating future scenarios; storyboarding and early implementation and feedback) will take place in parallel in the two study areas. Through these workshops, we will engage with community participants to explore, experiment, co-design and iteratively validate new design ideas to address the challenges around IYC complementary feeding from phase I. Workshop outputs and transcripts will be analysed qualitatively using affinity diagramming and thematic analyses. The intervention prototypes will be evaluated qualitatively and piloted with the participating communities.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN) Peru (388-2019/CIEI-IIN), Loughborough University (C19-87) and confirmed by Cardiff University. Findings of the participatory design process will be disseminated through a deliberative workshop in Lima, Peru with national and regional government stakeholders, as well as participants and researchers involved in the design process. Further dissemination will take place through policy briefs, conferences and academic publications.

Evaluating niraparib versus active symptom control in patients with previously treated mesothelioma (NERO): a study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, two-arm, open-label phase II trial in UK secondary care centres

Por: Fennell · D. · Griffiths · D. · Eminton · Z. · Morgan-Fox · A. · Hill · K. · Ewings · S. · Stuart · C. · Johnson · L. · Mallard · K. · Nye · M. · Darlison · L. · Dulloo · S. · Cave · J. · Luo · J.-L. · Taylor · P. · Spicer · J. · Poile · C. · Bzura · A. · Griffiths · G.
Background

Malignant mesothelioma is a rapidly lethal cancer that has been increasing at an epidemic rate over the last three decades. Targeted therapies for mesothelioma have been lacking. A previous study called MiST1 (NCT03654833), evaluated the efficacy of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in mesothelioma. This study met its primary endpoint with 15% of patients having durable responses exceeding 1 year. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate PARP inhibitors in relapsed mesothelioma patients, where options are limited. Niraparib is the PARP inhibitor used in NERO.

Methods

NERO is a multicentre, two-arm, open-label UK randomised phase II trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of PARP inhibition in relapsed mesothelioma. 84 patients are being recruited. NERO is not restricted by line of therapy; however, eligible participants must have been treated with an approved platinum based systemic therapy. Participants will be randomised 2:1, stratified according to histology and response to prior platinum-based chemotherapy, to receive either active symptom control (ASC) and niraparib or ASC alone, for up to 24 weeks. Participants will be treated until disease progression, withdrawal, death or development of significant treatment limiting toxicity. Participants randomised to niraparib will receive 200 or 300 mg daily in a 3-weekly cycle. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival, where progression is determined by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) or RECIST 1.1; investigator reported progression; or death from any cause, whichever comes first. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, best overall response, 12-week and 24 week disease control, duration of response, treatment compliance and safety/tolerability. If NERO shows niraparib to be safe and biologically effective, it may lead to future late phase randomised controlled trials in relapsed mesothelioma.

Ethics and dissemination

The study received ethical approval from London-Hampstead Research Ethics Committee on 06-May-2022 (22/LO/0281). Data from all centres will be analysed together and published as soon as possible.

Trial registration number

ISCRTN16171129; NCT05455424.

Critical care nursing workforce in crisis: A discussion paper examining contributing factors, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and potential solutions

Abstract

Aims and Objectives

The critical care nursing workforce is in crisis, with one-third of critical care nurses worldwide intending to leave their roles. This paper aimed to examine the problem from a wellbeing perspective, offering implications for research, and potential solutions for organisations.

Design

Discursive/Position paper.

Method

The discussion is based on the nursing and wellbeing literature. It is guided by the authors' collaborative expertise as both clinicians and researchers. Data were drawn from nursing and wellbeing peer-reviewed literature, such as reviews and empirical studies, national surveys and government and thinktank publications/reports.

Results

Critical care nurses have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic with studies consistently showing critical care nurses to have the worst psychological outcomes on wellbeing measures, including depression, burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These findings are not only concerning for the mental wellbeing of critical care nurses, they also raise significant issues for healthcare systems/organisations: poor wellbeing, increased burnout and PTSD are directly linked with critical care nurses intending to leave the profession. Thus, the wellbeing of critical care nurses must urgently be supported. Resilience has been identified as a protective mechanism against the development of PTSD and burnout, thus offering evidence-based interventions that address resilience and turnover have much to offer in tackling the workforce crisis. However, turnover data must be collected by studies evaluating resilience interventions, to further support their evidence base. Organisations cannot solely rely on the efficacy of these interventions to address their workforce crisis but must concomitantly engage in organisational change.

Conclusions

We conclude that critical care nurses are in urgent need of preventative, evidence-based wellbeing interventions, and make suggestions for research and practice.

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