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Risk factors for cognitive impairment in middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study

Por: Li · Y.-S. · Li · J.-B. · Wang · J.-J. · Wang · X.-H. · Jiang · W.-R. · Qiu · H.-N. · Xia · L.-F. · Wu · F. · Lin · C.-Y. · Liu · Y.-L. · Lin · J.-N.
Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for cognitive impairment (CI) and explore the relationship between obesity and cognition in hospitalised middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods

Subjects were divided into normal cognitive function (NCF) (n=320) and CI (n=204) groups based on the results of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The risk factors for CI were determined by logistic regression analysis and generalised linear modelling. The associations between obesity parameters (body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)) and cognitive ability were studied with the use of linear regression analysis, piecewise regression modelling and interaction analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to examine the diagnostic value of influencing factors for cc

Results

The prevalence of CI was 38.9% in hospitalised middle-aged T2DM patients (median age, 58 years). Age, WC, hypoglycaemic episode within past 3 months and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were identified as independent risk factors for CI, while the independent protective factors were education, diabetic dietary pattern, overweight and obesity. BMI was a protective factor for the MoCA score within a certain range, whereas WC was a risk factor for the MMSE and MoCA scores. The area under the curve for the combination of BMI and WC was 0.754 (p

Conclusion

Age, education, diabetic dietary pattern, WC, overweight, obesity, hypoglycaemic episode in 3 months and CVD may be potential influencing factors for the occurrence of CI in hospitalised middle-aged population with T2DM. The combination of BMI and WC may represent a good predictor for early screening of CI in this population. Nevertheless, more relevant prospective studies are still needed.

Electroacupuncture for mild-to-moderate dry eye: study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, sham-controlled trial

Por: Lu · Y.-Q. · Yang · G. · Li · M.-Y. · Hong · J. · Yang · Y.-T. · Wang · X.-J. · Kong · X.-H. · Zhao · Y. · Ma · Z. · Huang · X.-Y. · Zou · Y.-L. · Zhou · X.-T. · Ma · X.-P.
Introduction

Dry eye (DE) is a multifactorial ocular surface disease causing considerable medical, social and financial implications. Currently, there is no recognised long-term, effective treatment to alleviate DE. Clinical evidence shows that electroacupuncture (EA) can improve DE symptoms, tear secretion and tear film stability, but it remains controversial whether it is just a placebo effect. We aim to provide solid clinical evidence for the EA treatment of DE.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial. A total of 168 patients with DE will be enrolled and randomly assigned to EA or sham EA groups to receive 4-week consecutive treatments and follow-up for 24 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in the non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) from baseline to week 4. The secondary outcomes include tear meniscus height, the Schirmer I test, corneal and conjunctival sensation, the ocular surface disease index, corneal fluorescein staining, the numerical rating scale and the Chinese DE-related quality of life scale.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial protocol and informed consent were approved by the Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (identifier: 2021–119), Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center (identifier: 2022SQ003) and Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (identifier: 2022014).

Trial registration number

NCT05552820.

Chronotypes and their association with sleep quality among Chinese college students of Anhui Province: a cross-sectional study

Por: Tong · X. · Gao · M.-m. · Zhang · L. · Song · J.-g. · Feng · Y. · Tao · Y. · Zhu · L.-j. · Wen · L.-y. · Jin · Y.-l. · Chang · W.-w.
Objectives

To describe the prevalence of chronotype and sleep quality among Chinese college students and explore the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

Four colleges and universities in Anhui, China, between November and December 2020.

Participants

A total of 4768 college students were recruited using a stratified, multistage, cluster sampling survey.

Outcome measures

Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire 19 was used to determine the chronotype of the students and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure their sleep quality. The multiple logistic regression model was used to explore the potential association between chronotype and sleep quality.

Results

The self-reported proportions of evening-type (E-type), neutral-type and morning-type among college students were 51.17%, 45.14% and 3.69%, respectively. The mean PSQI score was 4.97±2.82 and the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 18.2%. After adjusting the covariates by multiple logistic regression analysis, E-type was positively associated with subjective sleep quality (OR=1.671, 95% CI 1.414 to 1.975), sleep latency (OR=1.436, 95% CI 1.252 to 1.647), sleep duration (OR=2.149, 95% CI 1.506 to 3.067), habitual sleep efficiency (OR=1.702, 95% CI 1.329 to 2.180), daytime dysfunction (OR=1.602, 95% CI 1.412 to 1.818) and overall poor sleep quality (OR=1.866, 95% CI 1.586 to 2.196).

Conclusions

College students mainly exhibited E-type, and an elevated prevalence of poor sleep quality existed among these students. The E-type was positively associated with poor sleep quality.

Assessing the burden of HPV-related head and neck cancers in mainland China: protocol of a nationwide, multisite, cross-sectional study

Por: Wang · W. · Song · C. · Su · Z. · Kothari · S. · Chen · Y.-T. · Liu · Y. · Wu · S.-Y. · Panchal · R. · Morais · E. · Zhang · S.-K. · Yin · J. · Qiao · Y.-L. · Roberts · C.
Background

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a known cause of a subset of head and neck cancers (HNCs). In the last two decades, the proportion of HNCs attributable to HPV infection has increased worldwide, notably the oropharyngeal cancers. However, the trend of HPV-related HNC burden is not clearly understood yet in China. Thus, the absolute burden of HPV-related head and neck cancers in China (BROADEN-China) will be conducted to estimate the proportion of HNCs attributable to HPV infection, per anatomic site, by genotype, in three time periods (2008–2009, 2013–2014 and 2018–2019).

Methods and analysis

BROADEN-China is a nationwide, multisite, cross-sectional study. A stratified, multistage, non-randomised cluster sampling method will be used to select 2601 patients with HNC from 14 hospitals across seven regions, based on population density in China. Patients with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples collected prior to treatment induction during three time periods will be included, and factors (eg, smoking status, alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing, Epstein-Barr virus, teeth loss, etc) associated with HNC will be assessed. HPV testing (HPV-DNA, HPV-mRNA and p16INK4a immunohistochemistry) and histological diagnosis of the tissue samples will be conducted at a central laboratory.

The study protocol and all required documents have been submitted for review and approval to the Independent Ethics Committees of all the participating sites. The informed consent was waived for all participants and all the recorded data will be treated as confidential.

We have included 14 hospitals as our participating sites, of which Henan Cancer Hospital is the leading site. The study has been approved by the independent ethics committees of the leading site on 3 December 2020. The other 13 participating site names of ethics committee and IRB that have approved this study.

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