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To characterise sex and gender-based analysis (SGBA) and diversity metric reporting, representation of female/women participants in acute care trials and temporal changes in reporting before and after publication of the 2016 Sex and Gender Equity in Research guideline.
Systematic review.
We searched MEDLINE for trials published in five leading medical journals in 2014, 2018 and 2020.
Trials that enrolled acutely ill adults, compared two or more interventions and reported at least one clinical outcome.
4 reviewers screened citations and 22 reviewers abstracted data, in duplicate. We compared reporting differences between intensive care unit (ICU) and cardiology trials.
We included 88 trials (75 (85.2%) ICU and 13 (14.8%) cardiology) (n=111 428; 38 140 (34.2%) females/women). Of 23 (26.1%) trials that reported an SGBA, most used a forest plot (22 (95.7%)), were prespecified (21 (91.3%)) and reported a sex-by-intervention interaction with a significance test (19 (82.6%)). Discordant sex and gender terminology were found between headings and subheadings within baseline characteristics tables (17/32 (53.1%)) and between baseline characteristics tables and SGBA (4/23 (17.4%)). Only 25 acute care trials (28.4%) reported race or ethnicity. Participants were predominantly white (78.8%) and male/men (65.8%). No trial reported gendered-social factors. SGBA reporting and female/women representation did not improve temporally. Compared with ICU trials, cardiology trials reported significantly more SGBA (15/75 (20%) vs 8/13 (61.5%) p=0.005).
Acute care trials in leading medical journals infrequently included SGBA, female/women and non-white trial participants, reported race or ethnicity and never reported gender-related factors. Substantial opportunity exists to improve SGBA and diversity metric reporting and recruitment of female/women participants in acute care trials.
CRD42022282565.
This study aims to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) of statins and foster healthy lifestyle promotion in cardiovascular disease (CVD) primary prevention in low-risk patients. To this end, we will compare the effectiveness and feasibility of several de-implementation strategies developed following the structured design process of the Behaviour Change Wheel targeting key determinants of the clinical decision-making process in CVD prevention.
A cluster randomised implementation trial, with an additional control group, will be launched, involving family physicians (FPs) from 13 Integrated Healthcare Organisations (IHOs) of Osakidetza-Basque Health Service with non-zero incidence rates of PIP of statins in 2021. All FPs will be exposed to a non-reflective decision assistance strategy based on reminders and decision support tools. Additionally, FPs from two of the IHOs will be randomly assigned to one of two increasingly intensive de-implementation strategies: adding a decision information strategy based on knowledge dissemination and a reflective decision structure strategy through audit/feedback. The target population comprises women aged 45–74 years and men aged 40–74 years with moderately elevated cholesterol levels but no diagnosed CVD and low cardiovascular risk (REGICOR
The study was approved by the Basque Country Clinical Research Ethics Committee and was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04022850). Results will be disseminated in scientific peer-reviewed journals.
To understand the factors that contribute to the risk of suicide among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual (sexual minorities) youth.
The increase in the likelihood of suicide has made it an urgent issue in public health, particularly among young people, where it now ranks as the fourth leading cause of death. This issue becomes even more significant when focusing on sexual minorities.
A cross-sectional study was performed in targeted young individuals (15–29 years). Several variables were assessed, including suicide risk, self-esteem, presence and severity of depressive symptoms, perceived social support and self-reported levels of anxiety and depression.
Statistically significant disparities were observed in suicide risk, presence of depressive symptoms and self-reported levels of anxiety and depression, all of which were more pronounced in sexual minority youth compared to heterosexual cisgender individuals. Likewise, statistically significant differences were noted concerning self-esteem and family support, both of which were lower in sexual minority youth.
This study has identified risk factors, such as anxiety, depression and limited social support, as well as protective factors, like higher self-esteem and self-concept. Understanding and addressing all these factors are essential in reducing the elevated rates of suicide among sexual minority youth. Consequently, evidence-based interventions such as Gender and Sexuality Alliances, which empower and create safe spaces for sexual minority youth, possess substantial potential for effectively addressing this issue.
Given sexual minorities vulnerability, healthcare pros, especially nurses, must grasp suicide risk factors. They can help by educating, offering care, assessing risk and fighting stigma. This guarantees safety and access to mental health services for at-risk individuals from sexual minorities.
The reporting follows the STROBE checklist.
People who were invited to participate voluntarily completed a range of questionnaires.
To assess the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on clinical variables as part of the routine clinical monitoring of patients with chronic diseases in primary care.
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in primary care centres of the Andalusian Health Service.
Data were recorded before the pandemic (T1), during the declaration of the state of emergency (T2) and in the transition phase (T3). The Barthel index and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) were used to analyse functional and cognitive changes at the three time points. HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, BMI and lipid levels were assessed as clinical variables. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric chi-square test were used for analysis. STROBE checklist was used for the preparation of this paper.
A total fo148 patients with chronic conditions were included in the analysis. Data analysis revealed in T2 only significant reductions in BMI, total levels of cholesterol and HDL during the onset of the pandemic. Barthel Index, SPMSQ, blood pressure and triglycerides and LDL levels worsened in T2, and the negative effects were maintained in T3. Compared to pre-pandemic values, HbA1c levels improved in T3, but HDL levels worsened.
COVID-19 has drastically disrupted several functional, cognitive and biological variables. These results may be useful in identifying clinical parameters that deserve closer attention in the case of a new health crisis. Further studies are needed to assess the potential impacts of each specific chronic condition.
Cognitive and functional status, blood pressure and triglycerides and LDL levels worsen in short term, maintaining the negative effects in medium-term.
To design, develop and validate a new tool, called NEUMOBACT, to evaluate critical care nurses' knowledge and skills in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and catheter-related bacteraemia (CRB) prevention through simulation scenarios involving central venous catheter (CVC), endotracheal suctioning (ETS) and mechanically ventilated patient care (PC) stations.
Simulation-based training is an excellent way for nurses to learn prevention measures in VAP and CRB.
Descriptive metric study to develop NEUMOBACT and analyse its content and face validity that followed the COSMIN Study Design checklist for patient-reported outcome measurement instruments.
The first version was developed with the content of training modules in use at the time (NEUMOBACT-1). Delphi rounds were used to assess item relevance with experts in VAP and CRB prevention measures, resulting in NEUMOBACT-2. Experts in simulation methods then assessed feasibility, resulting in NEUMOBACT-3. Finally, a pilot test was conducted among 30 intensive care unit (ICU) nurses to assess the applicability of the evaluation tool in clinical practice.
Seven national experts in VAP and CRB prevention and seven national simulation experts participated in the analysis to assess the relevance and feasibility of each item, respectively. After two Delphi rounds with infection experts, four Delphi rounds with simulation experts, and pilot testing with 30 ICU nurses, the NEUMOBACT-FINAL tool consisted of 17, 26 and 21 items, respectively, for CVC, ETS and PC.
NEUMOBACT-FINAL is useful and valid for assessing ICU nurses' knowledge and skills in VAP and CRB prevention, acquired through simulation.
Our validated and clinically tested tool could facilitate the transfer of ICU nurses' knowledge and skills learning in VAP and CRB prevention to critically ill patients, decreasing infection rates and, therefore, improving patient safety.
Experts participated in the Delphi rounds and nurses in the pilot test.
To explore adverse event reporting in the surgical department through the nurses' experiences and perspectives.
An exploratory, descriptive qualitative study was conducted with a theoretical-methodological orientation of phenomenology.
In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 nurses, followed by an inductive thematic analysis.
Themes include motives for reporting incidents, consequences, feelings and motivational factors. Key facilitators of adverse event reporting were effective communication, knowledge sharing, a non-punitive culture and superior feedback.
The study underscores the importance of supportive organisational culture for reporting, communication and feedback mechanisms, and highlights education and training in enhancing patient safety.
It suggests the need for strategies that foster incident reporting, enhance patient safety and cultivate a supportive organisational culture.
This study provides critical insights into adverse event reporting in surgical departments from nurses' lived experience, leading to two primary impacts: It offers specific solutions to improve adverse event reporting, which is crucial for surgical departments to develop more effective and tailored reporting strategies. The research underscores the importance of an open, supportive culture in healthcare, which is vital for transparent communication and effective reporting, ultimately advancing patient safety.
The study followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.
No patients or public contribution.
by Nelson Alfonso Gómez-Cruz, David Anzola, Aglaya Batz Liñeiro
In the socioeconomic sphere, the concept of informality has been used to address issues pertaining to economic dynamics, institutions, work, poverty, settlements, the use of space, development, and sustainability, among others. This thematic range has given way to multiple discourses, definitions and approaches that mostly focus on a single phenomenon and conform to traditional disciplinary lines, making it difficult to fully understand informality and adequately inform policymaking. In this article, we carried out a multilevel co-word analysis with the purpose of unveiling the intellectual structure of socioeconomic informality. Co-occurring document keywords were used, initially, to delimit the scope of the socioeconomic dimension of informality (macro level) and, later, to identify its main concepts, themes (meso level) and sub-themes (micro level). Our results show that there is a corpus of research on socioeconomic informality that is sufficiently differentiable from other types of informality. This corpus, at the same time, can be divided into six major themes and 31 sub-themes related, more prominently, to the informal economy, informal settlements and informal institutions. Looking forward, the analysis suggests, an increasing focus on context and on the experience of multiple ‘informalities’ has the potential, on the one hand, to reveal links that help unify this historically fragmented corpus and, on the other hand, to give informality a meaning and identity that go beyond the traditional formal-informal dualism.To externally validate the four-variable kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) in the Peruvian population for predicting kidney failure at 2 and 5 years.
A retrospective cohort study.
17 primary care centres from the Health’s Social Security of Peru.
Patients older than 18 years, diagnosed with chronic kidney disease stage 3a–3b–4 and 3b–4, between January 2013 and December 2017. Patients were followed until they developed kidney failure, died, were lost, or ended the study (31 December 2019), whichever came first.
Performance of the KFRE model was assessed based on discrimination and calibration measures considering the competing risk of death.
We included 7519 patients in stages 3a–4 and 2798 patients in stages 3b–4. The estimated cumulative incidence of kidney failure, accounting for competing event of death, at 2 years and 5 years, was 1.52% and 3.37% in stages 3a–4 and 3.15% and 6.86% in stages 3b–4. KFRE discrimination at 2 and 5 years was high, with time-dependent area under the curve and C-index >0.8 for all populations. Regarding calibration in-the-large, the observed to expected ratio and the calibration intercept indicated that KFRE underestimates the overall risk at 2 years and overestimates it at 5 years in all populations.
The four-variable KFRE models have good discrimination but poor calibration in the Peruvian population. The model underestimates the risk of kidney failure in the short term and overestimates it in the long term. Further research should focus on updating or recalibrating the KFRE model to better predict kidney failure in the Peruvian context before recommending its use in clinical practice.
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, alcoholism and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) on the viability of the extracted tissue as well as the donor.
Observational case–control study.
Regional hospital in Northern Spain.
1517 corneas were registered.
Patients’ medical history was reviewed after corneal donation and evaluation. Previous medical information (age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs)) and data related to the donor (type of donor), the corneal tissue and its evaluation, and the viability of the implant were collected.
A total of 1517 corneas were registered and 81.5% of the donors presented at least one CVRF. In relation to the viability of the donor, it was observed that having suffered from COPD reduced the viability of the donor (no COPD: 93.8% vs COPD: 88%; OR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.84) while alcohol consumption increased it (drinker or ex-drinker: 95.8% vs non-drinker: 92.5%; OR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.33). Regarding tissue viability, decreased viability was observed in the presence of COPD (no COPD: 72.5% vs COPD: 64; OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.96) and diabetes mellitus (no diabetes: 72.9% vs diabetes: 67.2%; OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.99). As regards the viability of the implant, a total of 1039 corneas (68.9%) were suitable, observing decreased viability when suffering from COPD (no COPD: 69.8% vs COPD: 60.7%; OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.94) and increased when having an active smoking habit (no habit: 65.3% vs habit: 74.1%; OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.91).
Through this study, it can be concluded that in the absence of absolute exclusion criteria for donors, the assessment of how CVRF, alcoholism and COPD may affect the donor provides details about the quality of the tissue to be obtained.
by Ana González-Castro, Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez, Óscar Rodríguez-Nogueira, Mª José Álvarez-Álvarez, Arrate Pinto-Carral, Elena Andrade-Gómez
BackgroundThe correct selection of treatment techniques and methods in physiotherapy depends directly on a well-structured anamnesis, examination and assessment. Within urogynecological and obstetric physiotherapy there is no standardized and protocolized assessment that allows to follow established steps. For all this, the main objective of this study was to identify the assessment items that should be included in the a physiotherapeutic uro-gynecological assessment.
MethodsDelphi study through a group of experts. Prior to this, a systematic search was carried out, accompanied by a review of grey literature, to obtain the possible items to be included in the forms. Subsequently, a Delphi study with two consecutive rounds of questionnaires was developed. A total of 6 expert physiotherapists participated in the study.
ResultsThe initial questionnaire had 97 items and after two rounds one item was eliminated to obtain a total of 96 items in the final questionnaire.
ConclusionsThe experts agreed on most of the choices and finally obtained a standardized and protocolized assessment in uro-gynecological physiotherapy. Furthermore, this proposal should be considered by other professionals involved in the process of evaluation and treatment of pelvi-perineal alterations.
by Steven Habbous, David Gomez, David Urbach, Erik Hellsten
IntroductionWe examine trends in inguinal hernia repairs with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic and secular trends in Ontario, Canada.
MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Hernia repairs performed January 1, 2010-December 31, 2022 were captured from health administrative inpatient and outpatient databases. Patients managed in three clinical settings were examined: public hospital in-patient, semi-private hospital in-patient (Shouldice Hospital), and public hospital out-patient. We examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical volumes, clinical setting, patient characteristics by setting, time from diagnosis until surgery, hospital length-of-stay, and patient outcomes (90-day readmissions, 1-year reoperations). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether patient outcomes were comparable between the COVID-19 period and the pre-pandemic period, adjusted sociodemographic and clinical factors. Shouldice Hospital is the only semi-private hospital in Ontario specializing in hernia repair (patients pay for the mandated admission, but not for the procedure).
ResultsDuring the pandemic (March 2020-December 2022), there were 8,162 fewer (15%) scheduled inguinal hernia repairs than expected, but the age-sex standardized rate of urgent repairs remained unchanged. Shouldice Hospital performed more surgeries in the COVID-19 era than pre-pandemic and had a shorter average LOS by 24 hours, despite treating more patients with older age, higher ASA score [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.13 (1.93–2.35) III vs I-II] and greater comorbidity [aOR 1.36 (1.08–1.70) for 2 vs none] than pre-pandemic. Patients treated in the COVID-19 era experienced a longer time until surgery, being the longest in 2022 (median 133 days). Ninety-day readmissions and 1-year reoperations were lower in the COVID-19 era and lower for patients receiving surgery at Shouldice Hospital.
ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, there were 8,162 fewer scheduled hernia repairs than expected, longer wait-times until surgery, shorter length-of-stay, and more patients with comorbidities, but outcomes were not worse compared with the pre-pandemic period.
Chronic malnutrition is a serious problem in southern Angola with a prevalence of 49.9% and 37.2% in the provinces of Huila and Cunene, respectively. The MuCCUA (Mother and Child Chronic Undernutrition in Angola) trial is a community-based randomised controlled trial (c-RCT) which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition supplementation plus standard of care intervention and a cash transfer plus standard of care intervention in preventing stunting, and to compare them with a standard of care alone intervention in southern Angola. This protocol describes the planned economic evaluation associated with the c-RCT.
We will conduct a cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness analysis nested within the MuCCUA trial with a societal perspective, measuring programme, provider, participant and household costs. We will collect programme costs prospectively using a combined calculation method including quantitative and qualitative data. Financial costs will be estimated by applying activity-based costing methods to accounting records using time allocation sheets. We will estimate costs not included in accounting records by the ingredients approach, and indirect costs incurred by beneficiaries through interviews, household surveys and focus group discussions. Cost-efficiency will be estimated as cost per output achieved by combining activity-specific cost data with routine data on programme outputs. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed as cost per stunting case prevented. We will calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios comparing the additional cost per improved outcome of the different intervention arms and the standard of care. We will perform sensitivity analyses to assess robustness of results.
This economic evaluation will provide useful information to the Angolan Government and other policymakers on the most cost-effective intervention to prevent stunting in this and other comparable contexts. The protocol was approved by the República de Angola Ministério da Saúde Comité de Ética (27C.E/MINSA.INIS/2022). The findings of this study will be disseminated within academia and the wider policy sphere.
ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05571280).
To evaluate the relevance of signs and symptoms for the clinical identification of ESI and TI in HD-CVC, by means of international expert consensus, and to reach a consensus on a definition and clinical management (CM) for these infections.
A recent systematic review showed a high heterogeneity in the signs/symptoms used for determining exit site infection (ESI) and tunnel infection (TI) of haemodialysis central venous catheter (HD-CVC).
A modified Delphi ranking process was carried out between November 2020 and March 2021, consisting of four rounds using an online questionnaire with a panel of 26 experts from 12 countries.
Experts responded on the level of relevance for the identification of ESI and TI, based on a list of 22 signs/symptoms obtained from a previous systematic review, using a 4-point Likert-type scale. After reaching consensus on the signs/symptoms, they followed the same method to reach consensus on the CM. The STROBE Checklist was used to report this study.
A high degree of consensus was reached to identify the presence of ESI based on nine signs/symptoms: presence of pain at the exit site (ES) during interdialysis period, with fever ≥38°C do not suspect other cause, local signs at the ES (inflammation, induration, swelling, hyperemia/erythema ≥2 cm from ES) and obvious abscess or purulent exudate at ES; and of TI. Likewise, 5 cm were agreed upon.
This Delphi study provides international expert consensus definitions of ESI and TI in HD-CVC, laying the groundwork for the validation of an HD-CVC ES clinical assessment scale for early identification of ESI.
In addition, this study provides a series of attitudes to consensual clinics regarding signs/symptoms of local infections in HD-CVC, which may be useful as expert opinion in clinical practice guidelines, when there is insufficient scientific evidence.
La trata de mujeres supone una grave violación de los derechos humanos. Está relacionada con la vulnerabilidad, la pobreza, la desigualdad de género, la desescolarización y con los procesos migratorios. En este problema global destaca además el incumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Esta realidad acarrea graves problemas de salud a sus víctimas, punto de interés para la actuación de enfermería. Así, este trabajo realizado mediante el método de aprendizaje colaborativo Jigsaw, en el contexto de una asignatura optativa de cuarto curso del Grado en Enfermería, tiene como objetivo el análisis desde el paradigma socio crítico de las consecuencias que la trata supone para la salud de las mujeres, relacionándolo con la vulneración de sus derechos humanos y la incompatibilidad de esta práctica internacional con la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, para concluir con recomendaciones que puedan orientar a la enfermería a proporcionar cuidados más adecuados desde su competencia como activista en salud. Se han identificado múltiples acciones dirigidas a la prevención, protección y atención de las mujeres víctima de trata, el conflicto se genera a la hora de ejecutarlas, ya que se ha constatado la desatención de estas mujeres desde múltiples enfoques.
To identify changes in mental health status among nursing professionals in a Brazilian municipality during the COVID-19 pandemic.
An observational and longitudinal study.
Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the presence of depressive symptoms was evaluated among 690 nursing professionals in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, at two moments: June/July 2020 and June/July 2021.
13.0% incidence of depressive symptoms was identified; as well as 12.2% remission; 24.1% persistence and 50.7% absence. Among the factors associated with the worst prognoses we can mention female gender, greater workload, feeling of overload, illness of family members or friends due to COVID-19 and use of psychotropic drugs
There was significant mobility in the diagnosis of depression among the professionals studied during the period analysed, with incidence of new cases of significant depression and greater than the number of remissions. In addition to sociodemographic aspects, traumatic experiences and exposure to continuous overload were associated with persistence and incidence of new cases.
With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have shown an increase in depressive symptoms among nursing professionals; however, understanding the long-term effects of this scenario is still a challenge.
What problem did the study address? This study investigates changes in the mental health status of nursing professionals working at different care levels, taking the prevalence of screening for depression as a proxy, during a period of a year during the COVID-19 pandemic.
What were the main findings? Between both data collection moments, 2020 e 2021, there was a significant percentage of professionals with persistent depression, in addition to a significant proportion of incident cases that slightly exceeded the number of remissions and the factors associated with the worst prognoses were sociodemographic aspects such as gender and emotional stressors like illness of family members or close friends due to COVID-19, in addition to those related to the organisation and support provided by the services, such as workload and feeling of overload.
Where and on whom will the research have an impact? This study will impact the nursing professionals and in role of the health services in order to establishing actions that contribute to minimising the deleterious effects of the pandemic on the mental health of their Nursing teams.
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were adopted in this study.
No Patient or Public Contribution.
To identify and synthesize the experiences and attitudes of nursing staff regarding the deaths of COVID-19 patients.
A qualitative evidence synthesis was carried out, using Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnographic approach. The review protocol was listed in PROSPERO (CRD42022330928). Studies published from January 2020 to January 2022 that met the criteria were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, CUIDEN and PsycInfo. A total of 12 articles were included.
Thirty-three metaphors emerged, which were grouped into three main themes: Determining factors of care, Feelings about death and Strategies for coping with death. Nurses reported the high emotional toll, the absence of family and the lack of staff, protocol and training as determining factors. Furthermore, staff had doubts about the quality of care that COVID-19 patients received. As coping strategies, nurses developed avoidance behaviours towards COVID-19 patients, selective memories, resilience, and/or leaving the profession.
The difficulty in providing adequate nursing care and the high number of deaths has increased anxiety and stress among nurses. These factors, alongside their lived experiences of seeing patients suffering, many dying alone without family members, have had psychological repercussions on nursing staff.
The results demonstrate a high emotional toll and doubts surrounding their caregiving role caused by the lack of professional training needed to face a pandemic. This research shows what has been learned for future pandemics and highlights basic components that could provide a foundation for coping interventions for healthcare professionals.
The challenges posed by COVID-19 patient deaths for nursing staff around the world and also by the pandemic circumstances in which those deaths occurred.
The high number of deceased patients who were isolated from family members, communication with family members and doubts surrounding care given during the pandemic have created feelings of fear, stress and anxiety, as well as obsessive thoughts that have changed nursing staff's perception of death due to COVID-19.
Results will be useful for preparing for future pandemics, and for policymakers and health staff in supporting healthcare professionals by creating programmes to help them cope with the emotional toll they have felt after dealing with death in such unprecedented circumstances.
The authors have adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and the eMERGe Reporting Guidance.
No patient or public contribution.
Objetivo. Analizar la evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad de la terapia larval en el tratamiento de las heridas crónicas. Método. Estudio de revisión mediante revisión sistemática. Se incluyeron publicaciones que compararan la terapia larval frente a otros tipos de terapia aplicada en la fase de desbridamiento de las heridas crónicas de cualquier etiología. La búsqueda se realizó entre Julio y Agosto de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane y Up to Date. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron Lucilia Sericata, maggot, debridement, wound y chronic wound. Se revisaron revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales, en inglés y español. Los resultados se mostraron mediante un resumen narrativo. Resultados. Se identificaron 48 registros. Fueron evaluados a texto completo 11 artículos, siendo 2 revisiones sistemáticas, 1 ensayo clínico, 4 estudios observacionales y 4 estudios de caso. Se realizó valoración de la efectividad en heridas crónicas, sin limitar etiología, de la terapia larval. Estos estudios mostraron su eficacia en la reducción de la carga bacteriana, mayor velocidad y mejores resultados en la fase de desbridamiento, y menor gasto económico frente a tratamientos convencionales. Discusión. La terapia larval manifestó validez en la fase de desbridamiento, favoreció la fase de granulación y obtuvo resultados positivos en menor tiempo que otras terapias convencionales. Se mostró como una terapia con escasas limitaciones y efectos secundarios, óptima para su aplicación.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To analyse the available evidence on the effectiveness of larval therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds. Methodology. Review study through systematic review. Publications comparing larval therapy versus other types of therapy applied in the debridement phase of chronic wounds of any aetiology were included. The search was conducted between July and August 2022 in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Up to Date databases. The keywords used were Lucilia Sericata, maggot, debridement, wound and chronic wound. Systematic reviews, clinical trials and observational studies in English and in Spanish were reviewed. The results were shown by means of a narrative summary. Results. 48 records were identified. 11 articles were evaluated in full text, being 2 systematic reviews, 1 clinical trial, 4 observational studies and 4 case studies. An assessment of the effectiveness of larval therapy in chronic wounds regardless of aetiology was carried out. These studies showed its efficacy in reducing the bacterial load, faster and better results in the debridement phase and lower economic cost compared to conventional treatments. Discussion. Larval therapy showed validity in the phase of debridement, favouring the granulation phase and obtained positive results in less time compared to other conventional therapies. It was shown as a treatment with few limitations and side effects making it an optimal choice of treatment.
Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica relacionada con los factores de riesgo y los estilos de vida en adolescentes asociados a la ocurrencia de cáncer pulmonar, cervicouterino, gastrointestinal, de piel y de mama en la adultez. Metodología: Revisión de alcance basada en la metodología del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), se exploraron cuatro bases de datos, a los artículos seleccionados se les realizó análisis, extracción y síntesis de datos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 artículos, los factores de riesgo identificados fueron antecedentes familiares, sexo, tabaco, alcohol, sobrepeso, bajo peso, exposición al sol, infección por virus del papiloma humano (VPH), desconocimiento sobre medidas de autocuidado, bajo consumo de frutas y verduras, consumo de carnes rojas y de grasas, bajo nivel socioeconómico, bajo nivel de escolaridad y sedentarismo; y, como estilos de vida: actividad física, uso del condón, seguimiento y detección de su situación de salud, vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), alimentación saludable y protección solar. Conclusión: Los factores de riesgos encontrados en la revisión de alcance son numerosos, según cada tipo de cáncer, existen factores modificables que desde la adolescencia se pueden poner en práctica como estilos de vida en sentido individual, familiar y escolar.
Introducción: durante la pandemia de COVID-19 se observa en la realización del trabajo diario un aumento del uso de las contenciones mecánicas debido a las condiciones excepcionales de trabajo: la limitación de acceso a las unidades, el tipo de aislamiento estricto, la falta de acompañamiento, etc. Objetivo: estimar la incidencia de contención mecánica en pacientes ingresados en unidad COVID-19, durante la pandemia y compararla con la de los pacientes de una unidad no COVID-19 y con pacientes previos a la pandemia. Método: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, realizado en el Hospital Virgen de la Concha (Complejo Asistencial de Zamora) con pacientes mayores de 65 años ingresados en Medicina interna y divididos en tres subgrupos, uno en periodo de prepandemia (junio-diciembre 2019) y otro en periodo de pandemia (enero- mayo 2021) que se dividieron en pacientes ingresados por COVID-19 y pacientes ingresados por otras enfermedades (no COVID-19). Resultados: de los 312 casos evaluados, 104 eran de periodo de prepandemia y 208 en periodo de pandemia (104 pacientes COVID-19 y 104 pacientes con otras enfermedades). En prepandemia la incidencia de pacientes con contención mecánica fue del 7,7% (Intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 3,4 a 14,7%), mientras que durante la pandemia las incidencias fueron 21,2% (IC 95%: 13,7% a 30,2%) en pacientes COVID-19 Y 20,2% (IC 95%: 12,9% A 29,2%) en pacientes no COVID-19. Discusión: durante el periodo de pandemia fue mayor la incidencia de las contenciones que en el periodo de prepandemia, con independencia del acompañamiento, edad, sexo y del diagnóstico, o no, de COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. During the COVID-19 pandemic we have observed an increase in the use of mechanical restraints due to exceptional working conditions: limited access to the units, the type of strict isolation, the lack of accompaniment, etc. Objective: to estimate the incidence of physical restraint in patients admitted to a COVID-19 unit during the pandemic and compare it with that of patients in a non-COVID-19 unit and with patients prior to the pandemic. Methodology: retrospective cohort study, carried out at the Virgen de la Concha Hospital (Zamora Assistance Complex) with Internal Medicine inpatients older than 65 years and divided into three subgroups, one in the pre-pandemic period (June-December 2019) and another in the pandemic period (January-May 2021) that we divided into patients admitted for COVID-19 and patients admitted for other diseases (not COVID-19). Results: of the 312 cases evaluated, 104 were from the pre-pandemic period and 208 from the pandemic period (104 COVID-19 patients and 104 patients with other diseases). In pre-pandemic, the incidence of patients with mechanical restraint was 7.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.4 to 14.7%), while during the pandemic the incidence was 21.2%. (95% CI: 13.7% to 30.2%) in COVID-19 patients and 20.2% (95% CI: 12.9% to 29.2%) in non-COVID-19 patients. Discussion: during the pandemic period the incidence of restraints was higher than in the pre-pandemic period, regardless of accompaniment, age, sex, and COVID-19 diagnosis.
Objetivo: Demostrar mediante la monitorización con el índice biespectral la reducción de complicaciones asociadas a sobresedación en paciente con ventilación mecánica. Metodología: Enfermería basada en evidencia. Traducción a lenguaje científico DeCS y MeSH. Fuentes documentales: Epistemonikos, PUBMED, ELSEVIER, DOAJ y Google académico. Operador booleano AND, OR y NOT. Lectura critica mediante FLC 3.0. Jerarquización con Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Resultados: Ocho de 10 artículos demuestran reducción de eventos adversos, 5 de 10 artículos indican reducción de dosis empleadas y administradas de sedantes, también una fuerte evidencia de la precisión para valorar el nivel de sedación y reducción de la incidencia de la sedación. Se necesitan más estudios. Conclusión: La monitorización con índice Biespectral tiene un índice de especificidad más objetivo que escalas de sedación comúnmente usadas y demostró que reduce complicaciones asociadas a la sobresedación. Se requieren más estudios.
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