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Identifying carers in general practice (STATUS QUO): a multicentre, cross-sectional study in England

Por: Lawton · S. · Mallen · C. · Hussain · Z. · Bajpai · R. · Muller · S. · Holmstrom · C. · Jinks · C. · Helliwell · T.
Objectives

To determine General Practice (GP) recording of carer status and the number of patients self-identifying as carers, while self-completing an automated check-in screen prior to a GP consultation.

Design

A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Setting

11 GPs in the West Midlands, England. Recruitment commenced in September 2019 and concluded in January 2020.

Participants

All patients aged 10 years and over, self-completing an automated check-in screen, were invited to participate during a 3-week recruitment period.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The current coding of carers at participating GPs and the number of patients identifying themselves as a carer were primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures included the number of responses attained from automated check-in screens as a research data collection tool and whether carers felt supported in their carer role.

Results

80.3% (n=9301) of patients self-completing an automated check-in screen participated in QUantifying the identification Of carers in general practice (STATUS QUO Study) (62.6% (n=5822) female, mean age 52.9 years (10–98 years, SD=20.3)). Prior to recruitment, the clinical code used to denote a carer was identified in 2.7% (n=2739) of medical records across the participating GPs.

10.1% (n=936) of participants identified themselves as a carer. They reported feeling supported with their own health and social care needs: always 19.3% (n=150), a lot of the time 13.2% (n=102), some of the time 40.8% (n=317) and never 26.7% (n=207).

Conclusions

Many more participants self-identified as a carer than were recorded on participating GP lists. Improvements in the recording of the population’s caring status need to be actioned, to ensure that supportive implementation strategies for carers are effectively received. Using automated check-in facilities for research continues to provide high participation rates.

Multicomponent processes to identify and prioritise low-value care in hospital settings: a scoping review

Por: Tyack · Z. · Carter · H. · Allen · M. · Senanayake · S. · Warhurst · K. · Naicker · S. · Abell · B. · McPhail · S. M.
Objectives

This scoping review mapped and synthesised original research that identified low-value care in hospital settings as part of multicomponent processes.

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

Electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane CENTRAL) and grey literature were last searched 11 July and 3 June 2022, respectively, with no language or date restrictions.

Eligibility criteria

We included original research targeting the identification and prioritisation of low-value care as part of a multicomponent process in hospital settings.

Data extraction and synthesis

Screening was conducted in duplicate. Data were extracted by one of six authors and checked by another author. A framework synthesis was conducted using seven areas of focus for the review and an overuse framework.

Results

Twenty-seven records were included (21 original studies, 4 abstracts and 2 reviews), originating from high-income countries. Benefit or value (11 records), risk or harm (10 records) were common concepts referred to in records that explicitly defined low-value care (25 records). Evidence of contextualisation including barriers and enablers of low-value care identification processes were identified (25 records). Common components of these processes included initial consensus, consultation, ranking exercise or list development (16 records), and reviews of evidence (16 records). Two records involved engagement of patients and three evaluated the outcomes of multicomponent processes. Five records referenced a theory, model or framework.

Conclusions

Gaps identified included applying systematic efforts to contextualise the identification of low-value care, involving people with lived experience of hospital care and initiatives in resource poor contexts. Insights were obtained regarding the theories, models and frameworks used to guide initiatives and ways in which the concept ‘low-value care’ had been used and reported. A priority for further research is evaluating the effect of initiatives that identify low-value care using contextualisation as part of multicomponent processes.

Examining the relationship between the oral microbiome, alcohol intake and alcohol-comorbid neuropsychological disorders: protocol for a scoping review

Por: Maki · K. A. · Crayton · C. B. · Butera · G. · Wallen · G. R.
Introduction

Heavy alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) continues to rise as a public health problem and increases the risk for disease. Elevated rates of anxiety, depression, sleep disruption and stress are associated with alcohol use. Symptoms may progress to diagnosed neurophysiological conditions and increase risk for relapse if abstinence is attempted. Research on mechanisms connecting the gastrointestinal microbiome to neuropsychological disorders through the gut-brain axis is well-established. Less is known how the oral microbiome and oral microbial-associated biomarkers may signal to the brain. Therefore, a synthesis of research studying relationships between alcohol intake, alcohol-associated neurophysiological symptoms and the oral microbiome is needed to understand the state of the current science. In this paper, we outline our protocol to collect, evaluate and synthesise research focused on associations between alcohol intake and AUD-related neuropsychological disorders with the oral microbiome.

Methods and analysis

The search strategy was developed and will be executed in collaboration with a medical research librarian. Studies will be screened by two independent investigators according to the aim of the scoping review, along with the outlined exclusion and inclusion criteria. After screening, data will be extracted and synthesised from the included papers according to predefined demographic, clinical and microbiome methodology metrics.

Ethics and dissemination

A scoping review of primary sources is needed to synthesise the data on relationships between alcohol use, neuropsychological conditions associated with AUD and the oral microbiome. The proposed scoping review is based on the data from publicly available databases and does not require ethical approval. We expect the results of this synthesis will identify gaps in the growing literature and highlight potential mechanisms linking the oral-brain axis to addiction and other associated neuropsychological conditions. The study findings and results will be disseminated through journals and conferences related to psychology, neuroscience, dentistry and the microbiome.

Talking in primary care (TIP): protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial in UK primary care to assess clinical and cost-effectiveness of communication skills e-learning for practitioners on patients musculoskeletal pain and enablement

Por: Bishop · F. L. · Cross · N. · Dewar-Haggart · R. · Teasdale · E. · Herbert · A. · Robinson · M. E. · Ridd · M. J. · Mallen · C. · Clarson · L. · Bostock · J. · Becque · T. · Stuart · B. · Garfield · K. · Morrison · L. · Pollet · S. · Vennik · J. · Atherton · H. · Howick · J. · Leydon · G. M
Introduction

Effective communication can help optimise healthcare interactions and patient outcomes. However, few interventions have been tested clinically, subjected to cost-effectiveness analysis or are sufficiently brief and well-described for implementation in primary care. This paper presents the protocol for determining the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a rigorously developed brief eLearning tool, EMPathicO, among patients with and without musculoskeletal pain.

Methods and analysis

A cluster randomised controlled trial in general practitioner (GP) surgeries in England and Wales serving patients from diverse geographic, socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. GP surgeries are randomised (1:1) to receive EMPathicO e-learning immediately, or at trial end. Eligible practitioners (eg, GPs, physiotherapists and nurse practitioners) are involved in managing primary care patients with musculoskeletal pain. Patient recruitment is managed by practice staff and researchers. Target recruitment is 840 adults with and 840 without musculoskeletal pain consulting face-to-face, by telephone or video. Patients complete web-based questionnaires at preconsultation baseline, 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months later. There are two patient-reported primary outcomes: pain intensity and patient enablement. Cost-effectiveness is considered from the National Health Service and societal perspectives. Secondary and process measures include practitioner patterns of use of EMPathicO, practitioner-reported self-efficacy and intentions, patient-reported symptom severity, quality of life, satisfaction, perceptions of practitioner empathy and optimism, treatment expectancies, anxiety, depression and continuity of care. Purposive subsamples of patients, practitioners and practice staff take part in up to two qualitative, semistructured interviews.

Ethics approval and dissemination

Approved by the South Central Hampshire B Research Ethics Committee on 1 July 2022 and the Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales on 6 July 2022 (REC reference 22/SC/0145; IRAS project ID 312208). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed academic publications, conference presentations and patient and practitioner outlets. If successful, EMPathicO could quickly be made available at a low cost to primary care practices across the country.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN18010240.

Importance of specific vital signs in nurses' recognition and response to deteriorating patients: A scoping review

Abstract

Aim(s)

To explore the published research related to nurses' documentation and use of vital signs in recognising and responding to deteriorating patients.

Design

Scoping review of international, peer-reviewed research studies.

Data Sources

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete, Medline Complete, American Psychological Association PsycInfo and Excerpta Medica were searched on 25 July 2023.

Reporting Method

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews.

Results

Of 3880 potentially eligible publications, 32 were included. There were 26 studies of nurses' vital sign documentation: 21 adults and five paediatric. The most and least frequently documented vital signs were blood pressure and respiratory rate respectively. Seven studies focused on vital signs and rapid response activation or afferent limb failure. Five studies of vital signs used to trigger the rapid response system showed heart rate was the most frequent and respiratory rate and conscious state were the least frequent. Heart rate was least likely and oxygen saturation was most likely to be associated with afferent limb failure (n = 4 studies).

Conclusion

Despite high reliance on using vital signs to recognise clinical deterioration and activate a response to deteriorating patients in hospital settings, nurses' documentation of vital signs and use of vital signs to activate rapid response systems is poorly understood. There were 21studies of nurses' vital sign documentation in adult patients and five studies related to children.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

A deeper understanding of nurses' decisions to assess (or not assess) specific vital signs, analysis of the value or importance nurses place (or not) on specific vital sign parameters is warranted. The influence of patient characteristics (such as age) or the clinical practice setting, and the impact of nurses' workflows of vital sign assessment warrants further investigation.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.

Good School Toolkit-Secondary Schools to prevent violence against students: protocol for a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

Por: Devries · K. · Tanton · C. · Knight · L. · Nakuti · J. · Nanyunja · B. · Laruni · Y. · Amollo · M. · Apota · J. · Opobo · T. · Pearlman · J. · Allen · E. · Bonell · C. · Naker · D.
Introduction

No whole-school interventions which seek to reduce physical, sexual and emotional violence from peers, intimate partners and teachers have been trialled with adolescents. Here, we report a protocol for a pilot trial of the Good School Toolkit-Secondary Schools intervention, to be tested in Ugandan secondary schools. Our main objectives are to (1) refine the intervention, (2) to understand feasibility of delivery of the intervention and (3) to explore design parameters for a subsequent phase III trial.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial, with two arms and parallel assignment. Eight schools will be randomly selected from a stratified list of all eligible schools in Kampala and Wakiso Districts. We will conduct a baseline survey and endline survey 18 months after the baseline, with 960 adolescents and 200 teachers. Qualitative data and mixed methods process data collection will be conducted throughout the intervention. Proportion of staff and students reporting acceptability, understanding and implementing with fidelity will be tabulated at endline for intervention schools. Proportions of schools consenting to participation, randomisation and proportions of schools and individual participants completing the baseline and endline surveys will be described in a Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials diagram.

Ethics and dissemination

The ethical requirements of our project are complex. Full approvals have been received from the Mildmay Ethics Committee (0407-2019), the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (SS 6020) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (16212). Results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals, and shared with public bodies, policy makers, study participants and the general public in Uganda.

Trial registration number

PACTR202009826515511.

The effectiveness of preoperative delirium prevention in intermediate to high‐risk older surgical patients: A systematic review

Abstract

Background

Few reviews have addressed delirium prevention among intermediate to high-risk older surgical patients.

Aims

To map preoperative delirium prevention interventions for older surgical patients at intermediate to high risk of developing delirium, assess outcomes and identify gaps in knowledge.

Design

Systematic narrative review of randomised controlled trials reported following the PRISMA checklist.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted of the literature published from 1990 to October 2022 in Medline, CINAHL and Ageline and of the grey literature in Google Scholar. Randomised controlled trials were retrieved that assessed the effectiveness of preoperative delirium prevention interventions for older surgical patients at intermediate to high risk of delirium. Data were extracted using a data extraction tool, and results were tabulated. Studies were assessed for bias using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool.

Results

Twenty-one studies met the selection criteria including N = 5096 participants. Two studies tested cognitive training, two studies tested fascia iliaca compartment block and one study assessed femoral nerve block. Ten studies tested prophylactic medications including methylprednisolone. Five studies investigated geriatric assessment and management. One study assessed transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation. In the two studies testing fascia iliaca compartment block, there was a reduction in postoperative delirium for orthopaedic patients. Methylprednisolone reduced postoperative delirium in orthopaedic patients and in those undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Results of all other interventions on the occurrence of postoperative delirium and additional outcomes including the severity and duration of delirium were inconclusive.

Conclusions

Despite the promising results for fascia iliaca compartment block and methylprednisolone, there is limited knowledge regarding evidence-based delirium prevention interventions. Most studies had small sample sizes indicating that the current evidence is exploratory. There is an urgent need for the funding and conduct of trials to test preventative interventions for older surgical patients at intermediate to high risk of developing delirium.

‘It's very values driven’: A qualitative systematic review of the meaning of compassion according to healthcare professionals

Abstract

Aims and Objectives

To explore the meaning ascribed to the concept of compassion by healthcare professionals.

Background

Compassion is universally regarded as the foundation of healthcare, a core value of healthcare organisations, and essential to the provision of quality care. Despite increasing research on compassion in healthcare, how healthcare professionals understand compassion remains unclear.

Design

A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted and is reported following PRISMA guidelines.

Method

Medline, Emcare, PsychINFO and CINAHL were searched to November 2021 for qualitative studies in English that explored healthcare professionals' understandings of compassion. Included studies were appraised for quality before data were extracted and thematically analysed.

Findings

Seventeen papers met the inclusion criteria. An overarching theme, ‘It's very values driven’ underpins the four main themes identified: (1) ‘It's about people and working with them’: Compassion as being human, (2) ‘There is this feeling’: Compassion as being present, (3) ‘If I don't understand them, I won't be able to help’: Compassion as understanding, (4) ‘Wanting to help in some way’: Compassion as action.

Conclusions

Healthcare professional participants reported compassion as motivated by values and inherent to humanistic healthcare practice. The meanings healthcare professions described were varied and contextual. Qualitative research should further explore healthcare practitioners' experiences of compassion as part of their practice to inform health professions education, policy, and practice.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

To practice with compassion, healthcare professionals require supportive and humanistic organisations that honour each person's humanity and encourage people to be human and compassionate to each other as well as to patients, their families and/or carers.

Healthcare professionals need to reflect on what compassion means to them, how it is situated within their unique practice context, and how compassion can enhance clinical practice.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This systematic review had no patient or public contribution.

Use of removable support boot versus cast for early mobilisation after ankle fracture surgery: cost-effectiveness analysis and qualitative findings of the Ankle Recovery Trial (ART)

Por: Baji · P. · Barbosa · E. C. · Heaslip · V. · Sangar · B. · Tbaily · L. · Martin · R. · Docherty · S. · Allen · H. · Hayward · C. · Marques · E. M. R.
Objectives

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of using a removable boot versus a cast following ankle fracture from the National Health Service and Personal Social Services (NHS+PSS) payer and societal perspectives and explore the impact of both treatments on participants’ activities of daily living.

Design

Cost-effectiveness analyses and qualitative interviews performed alongside a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Eight UK NHS secondary care trusts.

Participants

243 participants (60.5% female, on average 48.2 years of age (SD 16.4)) with ankle fracture. Qualitative interviews with 16 participants. Interventions removable air boot versus plaster cast 2 weeks after surgery weight bearing as able with group-specific exercises.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) estimated from the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, costs and incremental net monetary benefit statistics measured 12 weeks after surgery, for a society willing-to-pay £20 000 per QALY.

Results

Care in the boot group cost, on average, £88 (95% CI £22 to £155) per patient more than in the plaster group from the NHS+PSS perspective. When including all societal costs, the boot saved, on average, £676 per patient (95% CI –£337 to £1689). Although there was no evidence of a QALY difference between the groups (–0.0020 (95% CI –0.0067 to 0.0026)), the qualitative findings suggest participants felt the boot enhanced their quality of life. Patients in the boot felt more independent and empowered to take on family responsibilities and social activities.

Conclusions

While the removable boot is slightly more expensive than plaster cast for the NHS+PSS payer at 12 weeks after surgery, it reduces productivity losses and the need for informal care while empowering patients. Given that differences in QALYs and costs to the NHS are small, the decision to use a boot or plaster following ankle surgery could be left to patients’ and clinicians’ preferences.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN15497399, South Central—Hampshire A Research Ethics Committee (reference 14/SC/1409).

Facilitators and barriers to pressure injury prevention, management and education: Perspectives from healthcare professionals—A qualitative study

Abstract

This study aims to (1) characterize healthcare professionals' (HCPs') experiences related to the prevention and management of pressure injuries (PIs) and (2) explore the educational needs of individuals with a past or current history of PIs and their caregivers from the perspective of HCPs. This is a qualitative descriptive study. HCPs (n = 18) were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded using NVivo. Three overarching themes encompassing various dimensions were identified: (1) Facilitators related to PI prevention and management, (2) Challenges related to PI prevention and management and (3) Recommendations for improving patient and caregiver PI education. HCPs identified a greater number of challenges than facilitators related to PI care. This study emphasizes the importance of a patient-centred and interprofessional approach to patient education for PI prevention and management. Meaningful interventions focused on the patient may improve health literacy and empower patients and caregivers in PI care. Investing in preventive measures and raising awareness are crucial to reducing PI incidence. The findings have implications for HCPs and researchers seeking to enhance patient care and promote effective PI prevention strategies.

Predictors of professional burnout and fulfilment in a longitudinal analysis on nurses and healthcare workers in the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract

Aims and objectives

(1) To investigate the vulnerability of nurses to experiencing professional burnout and low fulfilment across 5 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) To identify modifiable variables in hospital leadership and individual vulnerabilities that may mitigate these effects.

Background

Nurses were at increased risk for burnout and low fulfilment prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital leadership factors such as organisational structure and open communication and consideration of employee opinions are known to have positive impacts on work attitudes. Personal risk factors for burnout include symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Methods

Healthcare workers (n = 406 at baseline, n = 234 longitudinal), including doctors (n = 102), nurses (n = 94), technicians (n = 90) and non-clinical administrative staff (n = 120), completed 5 online questionnaires, once per month, for 5 months. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on professional fulfilment and burnout, perceptions of healthcare leadership, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Participants were recruited from various healthcare settings in the southeastern United States. The STROBE checklist was used to report the present study.

Results

Both at baseline and across the 5 months, nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic reported increased burnout and decreased fulfilment relative to doctors. For all participants, burnout remained largely steady and fulfilment decreased slightly. The strongest predictors of both burnout and fulfilment were organisational structure and depressive symptoms. Leadership consideration and anxiety symptoms had smaller, yet significant, relationships to burnout and fulfilment in longitudinal analyses.

Conclusions

Burnout and reduced fulfilment remain a problem for healthcare workers, especially nurses. Leadership styles and employee symptoms of depression and anxiety are appropriate targets for intervention.

Relevance to clinical practice

Leadership wishing to reduce burnout and increase fulfilment among employees should increase levels of organisational support and consideration and expand supports to employees seeking treatment for depression and anxiety.

Stakeholders perspectives on clinical trial acceptability and approach to consent within a limited timeframe: a mixed methods study

Por: Deja · E. · Donohue · C. · Semple · M. G. · Woolfall · K. · for the BESS Investigators · Semple · McNamara · Allen · Fowler · Barker · Peak · Miert · Best · Donohue · Jones · Moitt · Price · Williamson · Clark · Madsen · Dawson · Summers · Deja · Woolfall · Osaghae · Turner · Panchal
Objectives

The Bronchiolitis Endotracheal Surfactant Study (BESS) is a randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy of endo-tracheal surfactant therapy for critically ill infants with bronchiolitis. To explore acceptability of BESS, including approach to consent within a limited time frame, we explored parent and staff experiences of trial involvement in the first two bronchiolitis seasons to inform subsequent trial conduct.

Design

A mixed-method embedded study involving a site staff survey, questionnaires and interviews with parents approached about BESS.

Setting

Fourteen UK paediatric intensive care units.

Participants

Of the 179 parents of children approached to take part in BESS, 75 parents (of 69 children) took part in the embedded study. Of these, 55/69 (78%) completed a questionnaire, and 15/69 (21%) were interviewed. Thirty-eight staff completed a questionnaire.

Results

Parents and staff found the trial acceptable. All constructs of the Adapted Theoretical Framework of Acceptability were met. Parents viewed surfactant as being low risk and hoped their child’s participation would help others in the future. Although parents supported research without prior consent in studies of time critical interventions, they believed there was sufficient time to consider this trial. Parents recommended that prospective informed consent should continue to be sought for BESS. Many felt that the time between the consent process and intervention being administered took too long and should be ‘streamlined’ to avoid delays in administration of trial interventions. Staff described how the training and trial processes worked well, yet patients were missed due to lack of staff to deliver the intervention, particularly at weekends.

Conclusion

Parents and staff supported BESS trial and highlighted aspects of the protocol, which should be refined, including a streamlined informed consent process. Findings will be useful to inform proportionate approaches to consent in future paediatric trials where there is a short timeframe for consent discussions.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN11746266.

Prospective incidence epidemiology study protocol: conducting active surveillance to assess the burden of Lyme disease (BOLD) in primary care practices in endemic areas of six European countries

Por: Begier · E. · Pilz · A. · Loew-Baselli · A. · Harper · L. R. · Stark · J. H. · Bowdery · M. · Halsby · K. · Dzingina · M. · Bezay · N. · Allen · K. E. · Parslow · B. · Gessner · B. D.
Introduction

Lyme disease (LD) is the most frequent tick-borne disease in the moderate climates of Europe. This study will inform the phase III efficacy study for Pfizer and Valneva’s investigational Lyme disease vaccine, VLA15. VLA15 phase III will be conducted in the USA and Europe due to the vaccine’s serotype coverage and public health burden of LD. In Europe, the existence and location of sites that have access to populations with high LD annual incidence is uncertain. This active, prospective surveillance study assesses annual LD incidence at general practice (GP)/primary care sites, allowing for phase III site vetting and better characterisation of LD burden in selected regions for study size calculations.

Methods and analysis

This burden of Lyme disease (BOLD) study will assess LD incidence overall and by site at 15 GP/primary care practices in endemic areas of 6 European countries from Spring 2021 to December 2022 and will be summarised with counts (n), percentages (%) and associated 95% CIs. Suspected LD cases identified from site’s practice panels are documented on screening logs, where clinical LD manifestations, diagnoses and standard of care diagnostic results are recorded. In the initial 12-month enrolment phase, suspected LD cases are offered enrolment. Participants undergo interview and clinical assessments to establish medical history, final clinical diagnosis, clinical manifestations and quality of life impact. Study-specific procedures include LD serology, skin punch biopsies and Lyme manifestation photographs. For every enrolled participant diagnosed with LD, 6–10 age-matched controls are randomly selected and offered enrolment for an embedded LD risk factor analysis. Persistent symptoms or post-treatment LD will be assessed at follow-up visits up to 2 years after initial diagnosis, while patients remain symptomatic.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by all sites’ local ethics committees. The results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Clinical staging across eating disorders: a scoping review protocol

Por: Hyam · L. E. · Phillips · M. · Gracie · L. · Allen · K. · Schmidt · U.
Introduction

Clinical staging models in psychiatry assert that there are earlier, less severe or more malleable forms of illness that are distinguishable from later, more chronic forms of illness, and that these stages may have different prognostic and treatment implications. Previous reviews on clinical staging in eating disorders (EDs) suggest a staging heuristic could be useful for anorexia nervosa, but less research is available on how this applies to other EDs. An up-to-date review is required to synthesise new and heterogenous avenues of research. This scoping review aims to explore the extent and types of evidence in relation to illness staging for EDs and how these concepts are associated with treatment response and outcomes.

Methods and analysis

This protocol was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. We will consider any documents providing evidence for clinical staging such as those which describe full or partial staging models, for all EDs, across various domains of assessment and functioning. Participants will include clinical or non-clinical population samples with full-syndrome EDs or disordered eating behaviour. PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases will be systematically searched for relevant literature. Two authors will export documents and screen titles, abstracts and full texts. Data will be extracted into a charting form drafted by the authors. A narrative summary of the documents will be conducted in line with the study aims. Finally, clinical and research recommendations will be outlined.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval will not be required to synthesise published and unpublished literature. The study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared at conferences, via social media, and in other communications.

Neonatal intensive care nurses' accounts of care for mothers/families with substance‐exposed pregnancies: A critical discourse analysis

Abstract

Aims

To explore the effects of power dynamics and hospital organizational structure upon neonatal intensive care nurses' experiences caring for infants and families from a substance-exposed pregnancy (SEP).

Design

This secondary data analysis further investigated the results of a primary study after the original analysis suggested differences in work environments may impact relationship-building opportunities between nurses and mothers/families. Critical discourse analysis served as both the theoretical lens and analytic technique.

Method

Nine (9) nurses from the southeast region of the United States (U.S.) were interviewed in 2019. Fifty-one (51) stories of caregiving experiences were analysed with a focus on narratives related to organizational structure and care delivery.

Results

Study findings revealed nurses experienced challenges providing high-quality, family-centered care for patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) affected by substances during pregnancy. Nurses described the central challenge of workload, exacerbated by power imbalances and structural constraints within the hospital's organizational structure. Findings suggest workload issues may endorse stigma by inhibiting opportunities to build relationships. Nurses report manageable workloads can support healthcare teams and recipients of care.

Conclusion

The study suggests power imbalances between nurses, families and adjacent healthcare professionals can inhibit the delivery of high-quality care. Supporting healthcare teams and recipients of care while centering the role of organizational structure is critical. Questions emerged about workload demands impacting the potential production of stigma in clinical environments.

Impact

This study examines the intersection of nurses' care experiences and hospital organizational structure. It identifies how the unique needs of caring for infants and families from a SEP increase the complexity of power imbalances and organizational constraints to further increase workload demands. Findings have implications for global healthcare organization leaders who build and maintain the structural integrity of clinical environments and nurse leaders who advocate and guide clinical teams to provide high-quality care in stressful healthcare environments.

Reporting Method

EQUATOR guidelines were followed, using the COREQ checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

NICU nurses were interviewed about their care-provision experiences. Interviews were analysed in the primary study and the current analysis of secondary data.

Relación entre la exposición a animales y/o humo de tabaco en el domicilio en población pediátrica asmática

Introducción: El asma, enfermedad crónica infantil más frecuente, está aumentando probablemente en relación a la exposición a factores ambientales. Estos están asociados a la aparición de asma y como desencadenante de síntomas. La literatura al respecto es controvertida. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar la posible influencia de la exposición a animales y/o humo de tabaco en el domicilio sobre el grado de control de la enfermedad y el número de exacerbaciones en población pediátrica asmática. Metodología: Estudio observacional realizado en población pediátrica que acudía a consulta de Neumología Pediátrica del hospital de referencia diagnosticados de asma y que tuviera pautado tratamiento inhalado. Como variable dependiente se consideró el número de exacerbaciones y como variables independientes se incluyeron sociodemográficas, variables asociadas a factores ambientales, así como a la técnica de inhalación. Resultados: Participaron 204 familias (66,7% niños). El 70,6% no tenían animales y el 78% no eran fumadores. La media de las exacerbaciones durante el periodo a estudio fue de 1,62. Un 84,8% de los/las pacientes presentan un buen control de la enfermedad. Discusión: Se encuentra relación entre el tener o no animales en casa y/o estar expuestos al tabaco y el grado de control de la enfermedad y número de exacerbaciones, confirmando lo descrito por varios autores. Es importante realizar una intervención individual donde se evalúen los factores que afectan a niños asmáticos y tratar los que sean modificables: manejo guiado de síntomas y tratamiento de exacerbaciones, consejo antitabaco, fomento actividad física… para mejorar su calidad de vida.

 

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Asthma, the most common chronic disease in childhood, is probably increasing in relation to exposure to environmental factors. These are associated with the onset of asthma and as a trigger for symptoms. The evidence on this is controversial. The objective of this study is to verify the possible influence of exposure to animals and/or tobacco smoke at home on the degree of control of the disease and the number of exacerbations in the paediatric asthmatic population. Methodology: Observational study carried out in a paediatric population that were attended at the paediatric pulmonology consultation of the reference hospital diagnosed with asthma and who had scheduled inhaled treatment. The number of exacerbations was considered as a dependent variable, and sociodemographic variables, variables associated with environmental factors, as well as the inhalation technique were included as independent variables. Results: 204 families participated (66,7% boys). 70,6% did no have animals and 78% were not smokers. The mean number of exacerbations during the study period was 1,62. 84,4% of the patients have good control of the disease. Discussion: A relationship was found between having or not having animals at home and/or being exposed to tobacco smoke and the degree of control of the disease and the number of exacerbations, confirming what has been described by several authors. It is important to carry out an individual intervention where the factors that affect asthmatic children are evaluated and treat those that are modifiable: guided management of symptoms and treatment of exacerbations, anti-smoking advice, physical activity promotion … to improve their quality of life.

Análisis de la Calidad de Vida de los pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis del Hospital San Juan de Dios de Zaragoza

Las fases avanzadas de insuficiencia renal crónica adquieren criterios de enfermedad terminal, siendo necesario tratamiento sustitutivo renal.
Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de la hemodiálisis en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal de calidad de vida en 102 pacientes del servicio de hemodiálisis del Hospital San Juan de Dios de Zaragoza a través de los cuestionarios SF-36 y KDQOL. Resultados: Existe un detrimento de calidad vida en las dimensiones de rol físico, salud general, rol emocional, función cognitiva, relaciones sociales y situación laboral. Conclusión: Los pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis ven modificada su calidad de vida en relación a las variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, situación laboral y estado civil) y clínicas (tipo de acceso vascular, duración del tratamiento, tiempo con el tratamiento y presencia de comorbilidades).

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