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Rev Enferm;41(2): 117-120, feb. 2018. ilus. [Artículo]
La experiencia de someterse a un procedimiento quirúrgico operativo es una de las más estresantes para el ser humano, debido a que obliga a hacer adaptaciones psicológicas y fisiológicas importantes en el organismo lo que aumenta el riesgo de presentar complicaciones durante el mismo; para disminuir este riesgo se proporciona cuidados de enfermería integrales-holísticos a través de la musicoterapia, la cual es una intervención que disminuye los factores estresores, modifica el entorno y reduce el nivel de estrés fisiológico y psicológico. Este artículo propone especificaciones para la implementación de musicoterapia durante el procedimiento quirúrgico, aun que la Nursing Interventions Clasificación (NIC) ya la incluye, en México aún no se implementa en los quirófanos. Al hacer efectiva la implementación de esta intervención se mejora la calidad de vida de la persona a través de una atención de enfermería de excelencia.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivos hacer que un panel de expertos diseñara y validara un algoritmo de soporte a la práctica clínica del enfermero promoviendo la transición segura entre el hospital y la comunidad. Se realizaron dos estudios: una revisión integrativa de literatura para diseñar el algoritmo, sometido a validación por un panel de 8 expertos, recurriendo a la técnica nominal. Fueron considerados los procedimientos éticos. El análisis y síntesis de los 30 estudios que conformaron la muestra bibliográfica permitió identificar las intervenciones eficaces para la prevención de caídas en la transición hospital-comunidad. El algoritmo final fue validado por el panel de expertos por unanimidad. La continuidad de los cuidados resulta vital para prevenir la caída o su recurrencia en los ancianos hospitalizados con alto riesgo de caída o que las sufrieron durante su internación. Las caídas después del alta hospitalaria requieren de investigación.
Objetivo: describir las facilidades y dificultades de los técnicos de enfermería para realización del electrocardiograma (ECG) después del entrenamiento en servicio. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, realizada en una unidad cardiovascular de un Hospital Universitario de Salvador - Bahía, Brasil, con 10 técnicos de enfermería. Resultados: el análisis permitió identificar tres categorías: formación como facilitador de la práctica asistencial; uso adecuado de ECG en la rutina de servicio después del entrenamiento; escasez de recursos materiales necesarios para realizar el ECG. Los resultados mostraron que además de los beneficios para los usuarios del servicio, el curso de ECG también puede ofrecer al profesional algunas ventajas, como un mayor conocimiento y un aprendizaje favorecido. Conclusión: las facilidades fueron descritas como ampliación del conocimiento y favoreciendo el aprendizaje de las técnicas correctas para la realización del procedimento, conduciendo a una disminución de errores y el uso adecuado del dispositivo. Las dificultades estaban relacionadas con la escasez de materiales y las precarias condiciones de algunos dispositivos.
Objetivo principal: Conocer los conocimientos y percepciones de los profesionales sanitarios sobre el método madre canguro (MMC) en las unidades neonatales españolas. Metodología: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo, mediante encuesta online. Resultados principales: 331 profesionales respondieron la encuesta. 83,7% estaban formados en MMC. Respecto a las percepciones y barreras, no hubo diferencias significativas entre profesionales según su formación en MMC. La limitación con mayor porcentaje fue la inestabilidad hemodinámica con un 82,8%. Un 55,3% afirmó haber puesto limitaciones al MMC debido a la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 y un 96,4% estableció que sería útil disponer de una guía de consenso sobre MMC a nivel nacional. Conclusión principal: Los profesionales sanitarios de las unidades neonatales españolas están formados en el cuidado MMC, conociendo bien cuáles son sus beneficios, pero todavía afloran algunas percepciones que pueden interferir en la implantación eficaz del MMC.
Objetivo principal: Conocer la importancia de la formación de enfermeras en terapia ECMO para mejorar habilidades y competencias enfermeras y cuidados al paciente. Metodología: Se realizó la búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed y Cinahl. Tras aplicar filtros para limitarla a los criterios de inclusión, se obtuvieron 223 y 933 artículos, respectivamente. En la lectura crítica para los artículos seleccionados, se utilizaron las parrillas STROBE y CASPe. Resultados principales: Tras realizar simulaciones con ECMO y recibir formación, los participantes sentían mejora personal. Se presentaron evaluaciones del plan de estudios que incluían la aplicabilidad del material, comprensión de conceptos y mayor confianza y seguridad. La simulación tuvo impacto positivo en las habilidades y el manejo del paciente. Conclusión principal: La formación con simulación mejora las habilidades y competencias enfermeras y la calidad de los cuidados.
Objetivo principal: Diseñar y validar el instrumento SEG-MED para identificar el cumplimiento de los principios correctos y riesgos en la administración de medicamentos. Metodología: Estudio metodológico. Fase inicial de revisión de literatura para establecer bases conceptuales y propuesta de ítems. Se continua con validez de contenido y validez facial por expertos y finalmente se realiza confiabilidad con la participación de 210 profesionales de enfermería. Resultados principales: instrumento Inicial de 46 ítems, que luego del proceso se reduce a 43. Se compone de dos dimensiones: cumplimiento de principios correctos (22 ítems) y riesgos en la administración de medicamentos (21 ítems). Con un promedio de aceptabilidad de los ítems en un 87%, concordancia global de 0.72 y alfa de Cron Bach 0,9. Conclusión principal: se obtiene una herramienta para medir la percepción del cumplimiento de los principios correctos e identificar condiciones de riesgo para para la ocurrencia de eventos adversos en la administración de medicamentos por enfermería válida y fiable para el constructo.
Objetivo: comprender el significado del no abandono en el adulto mayor de la comunidad. Metodología: estudio cualitativo descriptivo realizado en un municipio de Guanajuato, México de febrero-diciembre 2022. Se eligieron personas mayores de 60 años sin distinción de género; tipo de muestreo por conveniencia con saturación de información con 8 participantes; los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas presenciales semi-estructuradas que fueron audio grabadas. Todos los participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado. Resultados: emergieron cuatro temas: 1. Necesidad de apoyo familiar, 2. Necesidad de sentirse integrado, 3. Necesidad de sentirse funcional y activo y 4. El abandono es soledad. Conclusión: el no abandono está construido a partir de la dinámica familiar y la funcionalidad, cada persona mayor le otorga un significado basado en la comunicación con sus familias, incluso a distancia, siendo reconfortante. Algunos viven solos y eso representa un espacio de satisfacción personal. La integración familiar es imperante, así mismo el mantenerse activos.
To explore registered nurses' cultural orientation competence profiles for providing culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) nurses with orientation in the hospital setting, and to identify which factors are associated with cultural orientation competence profiles.
A descriptive, explorative cross-sectional study.
Data were collected from December 2020 to January 2021 using the Preceptors' Orientation Competence Instrument (POCI) and Preceptors' Cultural Orientation Competence Instrument (POCCI). A total of 844 registered nurses from one university hospital district in Finland participated, reflecting a response rate of 10%. A K-means cluster algorithm was employed to identify different cultural orientation competence profiles.
The cluster analysis identified three cultural orientation competence profiles (A, B and C). Nurses in Profile A evaluated their cultural orientation competence the highest, with members of profiles B and C demonstrating the second highest and lowest, respectively, cultural orientation competence scores. Several factors were associated with cultural orientation competence profiles, namely, orientation education and student mentoring education, support from managers and colleagues, motivation, willingness to act as a preceptor, time to provide orientation, sufficient clinical and theoretical nursing skills and current work title.
Cultural diversity and acceptance of it can be enhanced by building accepting culture towards new incomers and offering continuing education to improve the cultural competence of staff, which can further benefit patient care of CALD patients. Orientation practices can be improved by rewarding staff and building collaborative teamwork culture.
Organizations can strengthen nurses' cultural orientation competence; for example, by providing adequate orientation education and allocating more time to the orientation process.
The STROBE criteria were used to report the results of the observations critically.
No patient or public contribution.
To examine the contributions of psychosocial factors (attitude towards drinking, perceived drinking norms [PDNs], perceived behavioural control [PBC]), and biological sex on drinking intention and behaviours among rural Thai adolescents.
A cross-sectional study design.
In 2022, stratified by sex and grade, we randomly selected 474 rural Thai adolescents (M age = 14.5 years; SD = 0.92; 50.6% male) from eight public district schools in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modelling with the weighted least square mean and variance adjusted was used for data analysis.
All adolescents' psychosocial factors contributed significantly to the prediction of drinking intention, which subsequently influenced their drinking onset, current drinking and binge drinking pattern in the past 30 days. PDNs emerged as the strongest psychosocial predictor of drinking intention, followed by PBC. Rural adolescents' drinking intention significantly mediated the relationship between all psychosocial factors and drinking behaviours either fully or partially. The path coefficient between drinking attitude and drinking intention was significantly different between males and females.
Different from previous studies focus on adolescents' drinking attitude, rural Thai adolescents' PDNs play a significant role on their drinking intention and subsequently their drinking onset and patterns. This nuanced understanding supports a paradigm shift to target adolescents' perceived drinking norms as a means to delay their drinking onset and problematic drinking behaviours.
Higher levels of perceived drinking norms significantly led to the increase in drinking intention among adolescents. Minimizing adolescents' perceptions of favourable drinking norms and promoting their capacity to resist drinking, especially due to peer pressure, are recommended for nursing roles as essential components of health education campaigns and future efforts to prevent underage drinking.
In this study, there was no public or patient involvement.
To explore clinician-perceived barriers to and facilitators for the provision of actionable processes of care important for patients with persistent or chronic critical illness.
Qualitative descriptive interview study.
Secondary analysis of semi-structured telephone interviews (December 2018 – February 2019) with professionally diverse clinicians working with adults experiencing persistent or chronic critical illness in Canadian intensive care units. We used deductive content analysis informed by the Social-Ecological Model.
We recruited 31 participants from intensive care units across nine Canadian provinces. Reported intrapersonal level barriers to the provision of actionable processes of care included lack of training, negative emotions and challenges prioritizing these patients. Facilitators included establishment of positive relations and trust with patients and family. Interpersonal barriers included communication difficulties, limited access to physicians and conflict. Facilitators included communication support, time spent with the patient/family and conflict management. Institutional barriers comprised inappropriate care processes, inadequate resources and disruptive environmental conditions. Facilitators were regular team rounds, appropriate staffing and employment of a primary care (nurse and/or physician) model. Community-level barriers included inappropriate care location and insufficient transition support. Facilitators were accessed to alternate care sites/teams and to formalized transition support. Public policy-level barriers included inadequacy of formal education programs for the care of these patients; knowledge implementation for patient management was identified as a facilitator.
Our results highlighted multilevel barriers and facilitators to the delivery of actionable processes important for quality care for patient/family experiencing persistent or chronic critical illness.
Using the Social-Ecological Model, the results of this study provide intra and interpersonal, institutional, community and policy-level barriers to address and facilitators to harness to improve the care of patients/family experiencing persistent or chronic critical illness.
Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies.
No patient or public contribution.
To obtain consensus on barriers and facilitators to nurse prescribing following its recent introduction in Spain.
A three round online Delphi survey and focus group.
An exploratory method was used with three consecutive rounds of questionnaires based on anonymity and feedback, and a focus group. The study was carried out with primary care, specialized care, socio-health care and manager nurses.
On the basis of the Delphi study that was conducted, a list of 15 barriers and 18 facilitators of nurse prescribing was obtained. However, no general consensus was found with respect to the prioritization of these barriers/facilitators. The analysis of the results of the focus group confirmed the information obtained from the Delphi study. The main barriers highlighted were dependence on the figure of the physician, insufficient training in pharmacology, a lack of institutional support and the limited list of products that could be prescribed. The key facilitators were academic knowledge and ongoing training and education, independence in the functions and responsibilities of the nursing profession, adaptation to new roles and autonomy in the case of chronic care processes.
Nurses were generally positive about the introduction of nurse prescribing. The commitment of nurses to training and their accreditation as prescribers (internal forces) and health policy and nursing management (external forces) play a fundamental role in supporting the basis of nurse prescribing and ensuring that it is developed with the identified support resources, such as staff training and the provision of the materials necessary for its proper implementation, all with the aim of guaranteeing quality healthcare.
Strong models of nurse prescribing are being considered globally to address population needs. The results can help the future implementation of non-medical independent prescribing and provide guidance to the government and society on the interventions that can be used to consolidate it.
What problem did the study address? By 2027, the world's population will receive more than 4.5 trillion doses of medicine each year. However, the WHO estimates a projected shortfall of 10 million health workers by 2030. Inadequacies with traditional physician-led care systems mean that new approaches are imperative to maintain patient access to prescription medicines, with NP being a key element in this regard. In Catalonia (Spain), the accreditation process for nurses as prescribers was implemented in 2021. It is therefore of vital importance to question and consult the nurses themselves, the main promoters of the process, to find out their perceptions and thus be able to take them into consideration in the implementation process. What were the main findings? A total of 15 barriers and 17 facilitators were identified. The main perceived barriers are dependence on the figure of the physician, insufficient training in pharmacology during undergraduate studies and a lack of institutional support. The main perceived facilitators are academic knowledge and ongoing education and training, independence in nursing functions and responsibilities, and adaptation to new roles and tasks. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? These results can contribute to improving NP implementation in Spain and serve as a reference for other countries, especially where NP education and training have only recently been instigated or are in the planning process.
Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. SRQR.
No patient or public contribution.
The pandemic and public health response to contain the virus had impacts on many aspects of young people’s lives including disruptions to daily routines, opportunities for social, academic, recreational engagement and early employment. Consequently, children, adolescents and young adults may have experienced mental health challenges that required use of mental health services. This study compared rates of use for inpatient and outpatient mental health services during the pandemic to pre-pandemic rates.
Population-based repeated cross-sectional study.
Publicly delivered mental healthcare in primary and secondary settings within the province of Ontario, Canada.
All children 6–12 years of age (n=2 043 977), adolescents 13–17 years (n=1 708 754) and young adults 18–24 years (n=2 286 544), living in Ontario and eligible for provincial health insurance between March 2016 and November 2021.
Outpatient mental health visits to family physicians and psychiatrists for: mood and anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance abuse disorders, other non-psychotic mental health disorders and social problems. Inpatient mental health visits to emergency departments and hospitalisations for: substance-related and addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, assault-related injuries, deliberate self-harm and eating disorders. All outcomes were analysed by cohort and sex.
During the pandemic, observed outpatient visit rates were higher among young adults by 19.01% (95% CI: 15.56% to 22.37%; 209 vs 175 per 1000) and adolescent women 24.17% (95% CI: 18.93% to 29.15%; 131 vs 105 per 1000) for mood and anxiety disorders and remained higher than expected. Female adolescents had higher than expected usage of inpatient care for deliberate self-harm, eating disorders and assault-related injuries.
Study results raise concerns over prolonged high rates of mental health use during the pandemic, particularly in female adolescents and young women, and highlights the need to better monitor and identify mental health outcomes associated with COVID-19 containment measures and to develop policies to address these concerns.
In population-based research, disease ascertainment algorithms can be as accurate as, and less costly than, performing supplementary clinical examinations on selected participants to confirm a diagnosis of a neurocognitive disorder (NCD), but they require cohort-specific validation. To optimise the use of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) to understand the epidemiology and burden of NCDs, the CLSA Memory Study will validate an NCD ascertainment algorithm to identify CLSA participants with these disorders using routinely acquired study data.
Up to 600 CLSA participants with equal numbers of those likely to have no NCD, mild NCD or major NCD based on prior self-reported physician diagnosis of a memory problem or dementia, medication consumption (ie, cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine) and/or self-reported function will be recruited during the follow-up 3 CLSA evaluations (started August 2021). Participants will undergo an assessment by a study clinician who will also review an informant interview and make a preliminary determination of the presence or absence of an NCD. The clinical assessment and available CLSA data will be reviewed by a Central Review Panel who will make a final categorisation of participants as having (1) no NCD, (2) mild NCD or, (3) major NCD (according to fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria). These will be used as our gold standard diagnosis to determine if the NCD ascertainment algorithm accurately identifies CLSA participants with an NCD. Weighted Kappa statistics will be the primary measure of agreement. Sensitivity, specificity, the C-statistic and the phi coefficient will also be estimated.
Ethics approval has been received from the institutional research ethics boards for each CLSA Data Collection Site (Université de Sherbrooke, Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Health Research Ethics Board, University of Manitoba, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, University of Victoria, Élisabeth Bruyère Research Institute of Ottawa, University of British Columbia, Island Health (Formerly the Vancouver Island Health Authority, Simon Fraser University, Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board).
The results of this work will be disseminated to public health professionals, researchers, health professionals, administrators and policy-makers through journal publications, conference presentations, publicly available reports and presentations to stakeholder groups.
To identify scales that assess parental stress in the paediatric clinical population and to analyse their psychometric properties.
Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus) and metasearch engines (Google Scholar and Open Grey) were searched with no time period limitations. Methodological quality was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach modified by COSMIN. Finally, recommendations were made for the instruments with the highest quality of evidence.
A total of 38 studies reporting on 11 different instruments for assessing parental stress in the paediatric clinical setting were included. Six instruments were ‘A’ rated (recommended) in the final phase in line with COSMIN guidelines. The Paediatric Inventory for Parents was the instrument that evaluated the highest number of psychometric properties and obtained the highest methodological quality, global assessment, and quality of evidence for the different psychometric properties.
This systematic review provides an overview of the measurement properties of the parental stress instruments used in the paediatric clinical setting. The Paediatric Inventory for Parents stands out as being one of the most robust instruments for measuring stress in parents with a hospitalised or sick child. Evidence needs to be generated for all the parental stress scales used in the clinical setting.
Given that the psychometric properties of the existing parental stress scales used in paediatric health care settings have not been systematically assessed, the present review utilised comprehensive methods according to COSMIN.
PRISMA statement and COSMIN reporting guidelines for studies on measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures.
Digital health is now routinely being applied in clinical care, and with a variety of clinician-facing systems available, healthcare organisations are increasingly required to make decisions about technology implementation and evaluation. However, few studies have examined how digital health research is prioritised, particularly research focused on clinician-facing decision support systems. This study aimed to identify criteria for prioritising digital health research, examine how these differ from criteria for prioritising traditional health research and determine priority decision support use cases for a collaborative implementation research programme.
Drawing on an interpretive listening model for priority setting and a stakeholder-driven approach, our prioritisation process involved stakeholder identification, eliciting decision support use case priorities from stakeholders, generating initial use case priorities and finalising preferred use cases based on consultations. In this qualitative study, online focus group session(s) were held with stakeholders, audiorecorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.
Fifteen participants attended the online priority setting sessions. Criteria for prioritising digital health research fell into three themes, namely: public health benefit, health system-level factors and research process and feasibility. We identified criteria unique to digital health research as the availability of suitable governance frameworks, candidate technology’s alignment with other technologies in use,and the possibility of data-driven insights from health technology data. The final selected use cases were remote monitoring of patients with pulmonary conditions, sepsis detection and automated breast screening.
The criteria for determining digital health research priority areas are more nuanced than that of traditional health condition focused research and can neither be viewed solely through a clinical lens nor technological lens. As digital health research relies heavily on health technology implementation, digital health prioritisation criteria comprised enablers of successful technology implementation. Our prioritisation process could be applied to other settings and collaborative projects where research institutions partner with healthcare delivery organisations.
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS) prospectively collected anthropometric, biospecimens, clinical, health behaviour and psychosocial measures associated with cardiovascular disease from childhood to young adulthood. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of stress, dysregulated eating and social genomic biomarkers on cardiometabolic risk factors among the original participants now in midlife and their children.
Beginning in 1987–1988, NGHS recruited black and white girls (age 9–10 years) from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds from from three sites: Cincinnati, Ohio; Washington, DC; and Western Contra Costa County, California (N=2379) and followed them for 10 years. The study maintained an 89% retention rate. The current study is 30 years after the start of the original study and focused on the participants of California (n=887) and their children aged 2–17 years. We re-enrolled 624 of 852 eligible participants (73%): 49.2% black and 50.8% white. The mean age was 39.5 years. Among the 645 eligible biological children, 553 were enrolled; 49% black and 51% white, with 51.5% girls and 48.5% boys. The mean age was 9.3 years.
Longitudinal analysis of adolescent drive for thinness predicted higher scores for drive for thinness during midlife, which was indirectly associated with greater adult body mass index through adult drive for thinness. Latent trajectory modelling of adolescent growth over 10 years found that women with persistently high weight trajectory had twice the odds of having children who met the definition for obesity compared with the persistently normal group, adjusting for adult weight.
New studies on neighbourhood socioeconomic status, food insecurity and additional biomarkers of chronic stress, microbiome and accelerated ageing (ie, telomere length and epigenetic clock) are underway. We are developing a 10-year follow-up to understand changes in ageing biomarkers of the participants and their children.
To analyse fall prevalence, risk factors and perceptions among Thai older adults to design a prevention model.
Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data from health screenings of older adults in 20 subdistrict hospitals in southern Thailand from January 2018 to September 2019 (n = 12,130). In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with purposively sampled participants who were representatives of older adults and stakeholders (n = 50).
The quantitative analysis showed that the prevalence of falls was 12.1%. The independent risk factors were female gender, employment status, cognitive impairment, semi-dependent functional ability, balance problems, vision impairment, hearing difficulties, use of medications, reliance on assistive devices and access to outdoor toilets. The qualitative analysis revealed misconceptions on falls and fall prevention measures among older adults and community stakeholders. In Thailand, healthcare providers and community nurses play a crucial role in providing primary advice and conducting interventions, yet they encounter obstacles due to lack of personnel, time constraints, limited resources, inadequate support and unclear policies. Stakeholders stress the urgency of improving practice guidelines, developing evidence-based strategies and aligning with government policies.
Fall risk factors and prevention challenges among older adults were identified. Effective fall prevention programmes are needed.
The identified fall events may guide public health agencies and local administrations in planning fall prevention programmes. For implementation in Thai communities, teamwork among leaders and stakeholders is key.
IDIs and FGDs were conducted with older adults, village health volunteers, nurses, healthcare providers, local organization administrators and village headmen.
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