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Advanced practice nurses' evidence‐based healthcare competence and associated factors: A systematic review

Abstract

Background

Evidence-based healthcare (EBHC) enables consistent and effective healthcare that prioritises patient safety. The competencies of advanced practice nurses (APNs) are essential for implementing EBHC because their professional duties include promoting EBHC.

Aim

To identify, critically appraise, and synthesise the best available evidence concerning the EBHC competence of APNs and associated factors.

Design

A systematic review.

Data Sources

CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Medic, ProQuest, and MedNar.

Methods

Databases were searched for studies (until 19 September 2023) that examined the EBHC competence and associated factors of APNs were included. Quantitative studies published in English, Swedish and Finnish were included. We followed the JBI methodology for systematic review and performed a narrative synthesis.

Results

The review included 12 quantitative studies, using 15 different instruments, and involved 3163 participants. The quality of the studies was fair. The APNs' EBHC competence areas were categorised into five segments according to the JBI EBHC model. The strongest areas of competencies were in global health as a goal, transferring and implementing evidence, while the weakest were generating and synthesising evidence. Evidence on factors influencing APNs' EBHC competencies was contradictory, but higher levels of education and the presence of an organisational research council may be positively associated with APNs' EBHC competencies.

Conclusion

The development of EBHC competencies for APNs should prioritise evidence generation and synthesis. Elevating the education level of APNs and establishing a Research Council within the organisation can potentially enhance the EBHC competence of APNs.

Implications for the Profession

We should consider weaknesses in EBHC competence when developing education and practical exercises for APNs. This approach will promote the development of APNs' EBHC competence and EBHC implementation in nursing practice.

Registration, and Reporting Checklist

The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021226578), and reporting followed the PRISMA checklist.

Patient/Public Contribution

None.

Assessing trends and variability in outpatient dual testing for chronic kidney disease with urine albumin and serum creatinine, 2009-2018: a retrospective cohort study in the Veterans Health Administration System

Por: Bhave · N. M. · Han · Y. · Steffick · D. · Bragg-Gresham · J. · Zivin · K. · Burrows · N. R. · Pavkov · M. E. · Tuot · D. · Powe · N. R. · Saran · R.
Background

Simultaneous urine testing for albumin (UAlb) and serum creatinine (SCr), that is, ‘dual testing,’ is an accepted quality measure in the management of diabetes. As chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by both UAlb and SCr testing, this approach could be more widely adopted in kidney care.

Objective

We assessed time trends and facility-level variation in the performance of outpatient dual testing in the integrated Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system.

Design, subjects and main measures

This retrospective cohort study included patients with any inpatient or outpatient visit to the VHA system during the period 2009–2018. Dual testing was defined as UAlb and SCr testing in the outpatient setting within a calendar year. We assessed time trends in dual testing by demographics, comorbidities, high-risk (eg, diabetes) specialty care and facilities. A generalised linear mixed-effects model was applied to explore individual and facility-level predictors of receiving dual testing.

Key results

We analysed data from approximately 6.9 million veterans per year. Dual testing increased, on average, from 17.4% to 21.2%, but varied substantially among VHA centres (0.3%–43.7% in 2018). Dual testing was strongly associated with diabetes (OR 10.4, 95% CI 10.3 to 10.5, p

Conclusions

Dual testing for CKD in high-risk specialties is increasing but remains low. This appears primarily due to low rates of testing for albuminuria. Promoting dual testing in high-risk patients will help to improve disease management and patient outcomes.

Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes airflow blockage and breathing-related issues. This chronic disease impacts people worldwide. Substantial evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help patients with chronic illnesses cope with worrisome and painful symptoms. However, the impact of CBT on COPD outcomes is less understood.

Objective

In this study, we systematically summarized the effects of CBT on lung function, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and quality of life of patients with COPD.

Methods

Six English-language and four Chinese-language databases were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials published through April 15, 2023. Studies in which CBT was the only difference in treatment administered to experimental and control groups were included in the review. The studies' risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Criteria.

Results

Sixteen studies (1887 participants) were included. The meta-analysis showed that CBT improved the percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, maximal voluntary ventilation, peak expiratory flow, treatment compliance, and World Health Organization abbreviated quality of life, Self-rating Anxiety and Depression Scale, and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores compared with the control (all p < .05).

Conclusion

This review demonstrated that CBT improves the lung function, anxiety and depressive symptoms, treatment compliance, and quality of life of patients with COPD and can be used widely in the clinical treatment of this disease.

Frontline nurse leaders' competences in evidence‐based healthcare: A scoping review

Abstract

Aim

To identify evidence on frontline nurse leaders' competences in evidence-based healthcare (EBHC) and the instruments measuring these competences.

Design

A scoping review.

Data Sources

The search was conducted in June 2021 and complemented in June 2022. The CINAHL, ProQuest, Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science databases and MedNar along with the Finnish database Medic were searched.

Review Method

The scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs institute methodology for scoping reviews. Titles, abstracts and full-text versions were screened independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion criteria. Deductive-inductive content analysis was used to synthesize data.

Results

A total of 3211 articles published between 1997 and 2022 were screened, which resulted in the inclusion of 16 articles. Although frontline nurse leaders had a positive attitude towards EBHC, they had a lack of implementing EBHC competence into practice. Part of the instruments were used in the studies, and only one focused especially on leaders. None of instruments systematically covered all segments of EBHC.

Conclusion

There is a limited understanding of frontline nurse leaders' competence in EBHC. It is important to understand the importance of EBHC in healthcare and invest in the development of its competence at all levels of leaders. Frontline nurse leaders' support is essential for direct care nurses to use EBHC to ensure the quality of care and benefits to patients. Leaders must enhance their own EBHC competence to become role models for direct care nurses. It is also essential to develop valid and reliable instruments to measure leaders' competence covering all EBHC segments. The results can be utilized in the assessment and development of frontline nurse leaders' EBHC competence by planning and producing education and other competence development methods.

Presión espiratoria positiva final vs. ausencia de ella en pacientes sin patología respiratoria sometidos a ventilación invasiva: una revisión sistemática

Objetivo: Valorar los beneficios del uso de la PEEP frente a su ausencia, así como identificar los daños que pueda ocasionar un uso indebido de ella. Métodos: Revisión sistemática cuya pregunta PICO fue ¿El establecimiento de un nivel de PEEP en el paciente someti-do a VMI sin patología pulmonar asociada proporciona beneficios en oxigenación y ventilación frente al no establecimiento de PEEP? El período de búsqueda fue de diciembre de 2019 a marzo de 2020 en las bases de datos Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane, Cuiden, Y Science-direct. Los descriptores MeSH utilizados fueron “positive end final expiration’’, “artificial respiration’’, “zero end expiratory pressure’’, “lung’’, “general anesthesia’’, seleccionándose 220 artículos de los que se excluyeron 215. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 5 artículos; el uso de la PEEP presentó mejores resultados en la dinámica respiratoria en aquellos pacientes que fueron sometidos a ventilación invasi-va, frente aquellos que no la tuvieron. Este fenómeno fue debido a una mejora de la oxigenación, disminución de la aparición del número de atelectasias y mejora en la mecánica ventilatoria. Conclusiones: El uso de un nivel adecuado de PEEP en pacientes bajo ventilación invasiva presentó mejores resultados en la dinámica pulmonar.

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