Generative artificial intelligence (GAI), including large language models and multimodal generative systems, is rapidly emerging in healthcare with growing interest in its potential applications for dementia care. These technologies offer new possibilities for communication support, cognitive engagement and personalised interaction, yet they also introduce complex ethical, relational and practical challenges. Nurses—who hold central, sustained roles across dementia care settings—are key mediators of technology adoption and are positioned to assess the appropriateness, safety and ethical implications of GAI use. However, existing literature remains fragmented and largely focused on technological development or patient-facing outcomes, with limited synthesis of nurses’ roles, experiences and ethical perspectives. This scoping review aims to map the current evidence regarding how nurses engage with GAI in dementia care and to identify gaps that may inform practice, policy and future research.

This review will follow the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley, refined by Levac et al and guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Reporting will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The review will be conducted between March 2026 and October 2026, encompassing database searching, screening, data charting, synthesis and reporting. A comprehensive search will be conducted across MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science using controlled vocabulary and keywords related to nursing, generative artificial intelligence and dementia. Eligible sources will include empirical studies, reviews, conceptual papers and policy analyses that report nursing roles, experiences or ethical considerations related to GAI in dementia care. Two reviewers will independently screen titles/abstracts and full texts and extract data using a structured charting form. Findings will be synthesised through descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analysis, supported by conceptual mapping to illustrate relationships among GAI types, nursing roles, ethical concerns and care settings. Critical appraisal will not be undertaken, as it is optional in scoping reviews and is not aligned with the primary mapping objectives of this review.

Ethical approval is not required as the review synthesises publicly available literature. Should the optional interest-holders consultation be undertaken, ethical clearance will be obtained from an appropriate institutional review board prior to participant engagement. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and knowledge-translation outputs targeted at clinicians, educators, policymakers and AI developers. The review will support informed, ethically grounded integration of GAI in dementia care.

Parenting a preterm infant in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is a profoundly stressful experience, shaped by clinical uncertainty, physical separation and emotional vulnerability. Although stress management strategies—such as counselling, peer support and psychoeducation—are commonly available in NICU settings, little is known about how parents experience these forms of support when they are intended to be culturally sensitive or delivered within diverse cultural contexts. Cultural values, beliefs and practices shape how parents interpret stress and engage with support, highlighting the need to synthesise qualitative evidence on parents’ lived experiences of culturally sensitive stress management strategies during NICU hospitalisation.

This systematic review of qualitative evidence will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. A comprehensive search will be undertaken across six databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Airiti Library. This review will include qualitative studies that examine parents’ experiences, perceptions and meaning-making in relation to stress management strategies that are explicitly culturally sensitive or situated within identifiable cultural contexts in NICU settings. Studies published in English or Chinese between 2014 and 2024 will be eligible. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, assess methodological quality using the JBI critical appraisal checklist and extract data using the standardised JBI data extraction tool. Meta-aggregation will be used to synthesise findings, and the ConQual approach will be applied to assess confidence in the synthesised outputs.

This systematic review of qualitative evidence will synthesise data from previously published studies and does not require formal ethical approval. The review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the JBI methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews. Findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at national and international conferences on neonatal care, nursing and family-centred healthcare. Target audiences include NICU clinicians, hospital administrators, educators and policymakers interested in integrating culturally responsive approaches into stress management and family support practices.

CRD42022357472.

To assess the incidence and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Taiwan.

Retrospective cohort study.

Secondary and tertiary care; data were collected from three affiliated hospitals in northern Taiwan.

A total of 7038 adult patients with clinically confirmed CKD stages 3–5 were included, of whom 14.09% had progressed to ESKD. Patients were identified from a multicentre database in northern Taiwan. Key exclusion criteria included age under 20 years, prior MACE, cancer or renal transplantation.

The primary outcome was the incidence of MACE during follow-up. Secondary analyses included time to MACE and subgroup comparisons by CKD stage and comorbid conditions (eg, diabetes, cardiovascular disease).

MACE occurred in 49.8% of patients with CKD and 64.1% of those with ESKD. After adjustment for covariates, the ESKD group had a significantly higher risk of MACE (HR=1.52; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.16) compared with the non-ESKD group. Relative to stage 3a, the adjusted HRs for MACE were 1.13 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.73) for stage 3b, 1.13 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.70) for stage 4, 1.82 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.81) for stage 5 (non-ESKD) and 2.32 (95% CI 1.51 to 3.57) for stage 5D (ESKD). Diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities were associated with increased MACE incidence and shorter time to MACE, but their associations became non-significant after adjustment.

Based on a multicentre cohort from Taiwan, our findings provide insights into the prognosis of patients with CKD across disease stages and highlight the importance of targeted interventions and integrated care to improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Cancer has impacted patients’ quality of life (QoL). Qigong, a type of mind-body exercise, has been adopted by some patients with cancer to improve their QoL. However, various lengthy questionnaires were used to assess Qigong’s effects which made data synthesis difficult. Therefore, a simplified Qigong QoL Questionnaire (3Q instrument) has been developed to assess cancer patients’ QoL when they practise Qigong. This study aims to validate this instrument and contribute to the standardisation and simplification of the outcome measures for the studies on Qigong.

A total of 173 patients with cancer practising Qigong in Australia and China will be recruited to evaluate QoL using the 3Q instrument and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT-G) questionnaire. SPSS Statistics V.29 software will be used for data analyses. Exploratory factor analysis will be conducted to identify the factor structures of the 3Q instrument. The internal consistency of the 3Q instrument will be evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha. Test–retest reliabilities will be confirmed by intraclass correlations. Content validity will be assessed by the Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Construct validity will be established through confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion validity will be assessed against FACT-G, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient will be adopted to calculate their correlations.

This study has been approved by the RMIT University Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC26229). The findings from the present study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and/or presented at conferences.

The optimal method for conducting spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) remains a subject of ongoing debate. High-flow oxygen via endotracheal tube (HFOT) has emerged as a novel alternative for SBTs. However, studies investigating the associated physiological changes are lacking. Compared to high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), HFOT has demonstrated diminished physiological effects, likely due to the bypassing of the upper airway, which may limit its widespread adoption as an SBT strategy. Two HFOT interfaces with different expiratory port diameters will be evaluated. It is hypothesised that the narrower interface would generate higher airway pressure and mitigate weakening physiological effects compared to the HFNC. This study aims to compare the physiological effects of two HFOTs compared to T-piece during SBTs.

This is a single-centre, prospective, physiological randomised crossover study in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours who are deemed ready for SBT. After enrolment, each patient will be disconnected from the ventilator and undergo five SBT phases in random order: T-piece at 6 L/min, HFOT via interface with an expiratory port diameter of 9.8 mm at 40 L/min and 60 L/min and HFOT via interface with an expiratory port diameter of 6.9 mm at 40 L/min and 60 L/min. To reduce carryover effects, each phase will be separated by a 10-min washout period during which baseline mechanical ventilation is resumed. Key physiological parameters will be assessed in each study phase, including airway pressure, changes in end-expiratory lung volume, vital signs, oxygenation levels and inspiratory effort. Postextubation inspiratory effort will also be measured. Finally, 20 patients with the complete five SBT phases and postextubation datasets will be analysed

The study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and Review Board of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University (IIT2024-157-002). The data generated in the present study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The results of the trial will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals.

NCT06816706.

Proximal gastrectomy (PG) has emerged as the preferred surgical approach for adenocarcinoma of the upper 1/3 stomach and selected cases of oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. We developed a novel oesophagogastric anastomosis technique with an antireflux mechanism (Hao’s Esophagogastrostomy by Fissure Technique). It may have a superior effect on patient weight maintenance compared with the double-tract reconstruction. We intend to conduct a prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial to validate this hypothesis.

The primary objective evaluates body weight loss at 12 months postoperatively. Secondary objectives assess surgical safety through comprehensive analysis of complication rates and nutritional parameters, including serial haematological evaluations during follow-up. The study will enrol 52 participants across multiple centres with planned 3-year longitudinal monitoring to evaluate both immediate postoperative outcomes and intermediate-term clinical impacts.

This study was approved by the hospital institutional review board of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University (2024-1173) and is being conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Good Clinical Practice guidelines. On completion of the study, the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

NCT06679244.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and associated structures, often leading to pain, dysfunction and a significant impact on quality of life. Epidemiological studies have estimated that up to 75% of the population in the USA exhibits at least one sign of TMD. Although conservative treatments, such as acupuncture and occlusal splints, have been recommended, evidence for their effectiveness remains inconclusive, and the combined effects of these interventions are not well understood.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an intraoral balance appliance (IBA) combined with standard Korean medicine care, compared to Korean medicine care alone, in patients with chronic, painful TMD with myalgia.

A single-centre, two-arm, parallel, practitioner-blinded and evaluator-blinded, randomised controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio will be designed to test the interventions. 76 patients with TMD with myalgia will be recruited and randomised. The interventions will include manual acupuncture and physical therapy for both groups, with the addition of IBA in the treatment group for 3 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study will be the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and discomfort at the final visit at week 4. Secondary outcomes will include overall functional assessment of the TMJ using several scales, as well as evaluations of quality of life, patient satisfaction and AEs.

The recruitment started on 18 July 2024, and 37 patients were included as of 8 July 2025.

Ethical approval is obtained from the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB number: KOMCIRB 2023-06-001). The result from this study will be actively disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations.

The protocol was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS), Republic of Korea, on 30 October 2023, CRiS number KCT0008906 prior to the initiation of the study, and was revised on 7 July 2025 (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=30270&search_page=M&search_lang=&class_yn=).