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To analyse the dimensions of the omission of nursing care in emergency departments, including its attributes, antecedents, and consequences, using Walker & Avant's concept analysis method.
Methods: Walker and Avant's eight-step method defined attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the omission of nursing care in emergency departments.
A comprehensive literature review was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Health Management Database, and Cochrane Library, covering publications from 2001 to 2024. The search was conducted in August 2024.
Key attributes were delayed, incomplete, or interrupted care, mostly due to insufficient staffing or unpredictable patient volumes. Antecedents included high workloads, inadequate skill mixes, and understaffing. Consequences were increased patient morbidity and mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. A research gap exists in paediatric-specific measurement tools.
Identifying dimensions of omitted nursing care in emergency departments informs interventions to improve patient safety and care quality. Developing paediatric-specific measurement tools is essential.
The findings emphasise the need for improved staffing and resource allocation policies, reducing risks to patients and enhancing nurse satisfaction.
This study addressed the gap in understanding omitted nursing care specifically in emergency departments. Findings highlight systemic issues impacting patient outcomes and nurse well-being. The results will guide organisational improvements and future research globally.
This study adhered to EQUATOR guidelines, following Walker and Avant's method for concept analysis.
This study did not include patient or public involvement.
This study underscores the critical impact of the omission of nursing care (ONC) in emergency departments (EDs) on patient safety, nurse well-being, and healthcare efficiency. ONC contributes to increased morbidity, mortality, and adverse events, highlighting the urgent need for improved staffing models and resource allocation. Training programmes should equip emergency nurses with prioritisation strategies to mitigate care omissions. Policymakers must recognise ONC as a key quality indicator, ensuring adequate workforce support. Additionally, this study identifies a gap in measuring ONC in paediatric EDs, calling for the development of tailored assessment tools and further research on intervention strategies.
Detecting cancer earlier improves treatment options and long-term survival. A multicancer early detection test that reliably picks up early-stage cancer would potentially save lives and reduce the cost of treating cancer. One promising candidate is the Enlighten test, which applies machine learning to plasma amino acid concentrations to detect cancer. In a cohort of 77 patients recently diagnosed with breast, colorectal, pancreatic or prostate cancer, 60 (78%) were detected by the test (sensitivity), with no false positives in 20 healthy controls. The MODERNISED study will further develop the Enlighten test to detect 10 different cancers by adding bladder, lung, melanoma, oesophageal, ovarian and renal cancer to the test.
MODERNISED (ISRCTN17299125) is a multicentre prospective, non-interventional, case–control study. We aim to recruit 1000 adult participants with a recent cancer diagnosis, 250 adult participants with symptoms of cancer where a cancer diagnosis was ruled out by the National Health Service (NHS) standard of care and 100 healthy adult volunteers. Cancer tissue of origin (ToO) will include bladder, breast, colorectal, lung, melanoma, oesophageal, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and renal. Participants in the two non-cancer cohorts who are later diagnosed with cancer will be moved to the cancer cases cohort. The primary aim is to train and validate a machine learning algorithm to detect cancer, which will be evaluated by AUROC. Secondary aims include training and validating an algorithm to predict ToO and stage of cancer, exploring differences in performance by demographics and estimating how sensitivity varies across specificity cut-offs of 95%, 99% and 99.9%. These results will provide a statistically powered estimate of how well the Enlighten test can discriminate between individuals with and without cancer, which can then be validated for clinical use in further research.
This study is sponsored by University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and has been approved by the Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research West Midlands (24/WM/0234). Results will be presented at scientific meetings and published in international peer-reviewed journals. Lay summaries of study progress and findings will be published on the Southampton Clinical Trial Unit’s website.
Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) reduces morbidity and mortality and remains widely underused. An HFrEF polypill containing all four pillars of GDMT has been proposed as an implementation strategy to improve GDMT treatment rates and subsequent patient outcomes. We present the design and protocol for a proof-of-concept, pilot type I hybrid randomised clinical trial evaluating an HFrEF polypill compared with usual care among patients with HFrEF in Sri Lanka to evaluate short-term feasibility.
This multi-centre, open-label, pilot type I hybrid randomised clinical trial will recruit 40 adults with HFrEF from two public hospital sites in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Participants will be randomised to an HFrEF polypill (containing bisoprolol, losartan, eplerenone, and dapagliflozin in three available strengths) or usual care and followed for 4 weeks. The primary outcome is feasibility of recruitment measured by recruitment rate and adherence to study protocols measured by completion rate of study-related procedures. Other key outcomes include adherence to GDMT and assessment of serious adverse events among other exploratory outcomes.
The study has been approved by the ethics review committee at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya (Sri Lanka), the institutional review board at Washington University in St. Louis (United States), and the National Medicines Regulatory Authority (Sri Lanka). The findings of this pilot trial will inform the design and implementation of a future large-scale type I hybrid trial to assess the efficacy and safety of an HFrEF polypill in improving clinical outcomes.
Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry (SLCTR/2024/003); ClinicalTrials Registry (NCT06831864).
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