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To explore the role transition journey of spousal caregivers of people living with dementia based on transition theory.
A meta-synthesis.
This review employed a directed content analysis approach to systematically synthesise qualitative evidence. The findings were reported in accordance with the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis.
A comprehensive search was conducted in eight electronic databases for studies published from the inception of each database to November 2024.
This review ultimately included a total of 31 studies. Three themes were identified, including role stage, role transition properties and role transition conditions of spousal caregivers of people living with dementia. Role stage of spousal caregivers of people living with dementia encompassed seven sub-themes; role transition properties of spousal caregivers of people living with dementia included five sub-themes; role transition conditions of spousal caregivers of people living with dementia involved six sub-themes.
This review synthesises evidence to explore the role transition journey of spousal caregivers of people living with dementia. The role transition properties highlight the impact of critical points and events, as well as caregivers' awareness, engagement, change and difference and transition time span during their role transition journey. The role transition conditions emphasise that personal meanings, cultural beliefs and attitudes, socioeconomic status, preparation and knowledge, as well as community and society simultaneously influence the role transition journey of the caregivers.
The Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guided the reporting of the study.
No patient or public contribution.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD 42024623402
Supporting dementia caregivers is essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing caregiver burden, and it has become a core element of comprehensive dementia care. Accurate assessment of caregivers’ support needs is crucial for designing effective and targeted interventions. Although several instruments have been developed to assess these needs, there is limited evidence from systematic reviews regarding their measurement properties. Conducting a systematic review of the psychometric evidence for these instruments is therefore necessary to inform the selection and application of reliable tools in both research and practice. This review aims to identify and evaluate existing instruments for measuring support needs among dementia caregivers, summarise their psychometric properties and provide evidence-based recommendations for their use and future development.
This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols 2015 guidelines. A comprehensive search will be conducted in eight electronic databases from 1 August 2025 to 31 January 2026 to identify studies reporting the development or use of instruments measuring support needs among dementia caregivers. Two reviewers will independently perform literature screening, data extraction and methodological quality assessment, with disagreements resolved by discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. The measurement properties of the included instruments will be appraised in accordance with the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments methodology.
Ethical approval is not required for this study as it will use data from previously published literature. The results of this systematic review will be disseminated through presentations at national and/or international conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
CRD420251129741.
This study assessed the global burden of glaucoma using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. The analysis of epidemiological trends aimed to inform future public health prevention strategies.
Retrospective cross-sectional study.
None.
Analysis of 1990–2021 GBD data on glaucoma prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardised prevalence rates (ASPR), and age-standardised DALY rates (ASDR). Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated, Joinpoint regression identified trend changes, and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modelling projected the burden for the year 2050.
Globally, the number of prevalent glaucoma cases increased from 4 072 106.59 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3 489 888.7 to 4 752 867.3) in 1990 to 7 587 672.9 (95% UI 6 522 906 to 8 917 725.4) in 2021. Concurrently, DALYs increased from 467 600.4 (95% UI 323 490.5 to 648 641.6) in 1990 to 759 900.2 (95% UI 530 942.9 to 1 049 127.2) in 2021. In contrast, the ASPR and ASDR declined to 90.1 per 100 000 population (95% UI 77.8 to 105.5) and 9.1 per 100 000 population (95% UI 6.3 to 12.5) in 2021, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic period (2019–2021), the slowest growth rates in crude case numbers and overall disease burden were observed, accompanied by the most pronounced decline in annual percentage change of ASPR. The highest estimates for both case counts and DALYs were identified in the 70–74 age group, with males demonstrating higher prevalence rates than females. Furthermore, regions with lower Sociodemographic Index (SDI) values bore a disproportionately higher burden of glaucoma.
These findings underscore the need to strengthen early screening and treatment of glaucoma, particularly in ageing populations, male groups and low SDI regions. We urge cautious interpretation of COVID-19 related data and vigilance against potential post-pandemic surges in burden. Critical strategies include enhanced screening and intervention for high-risk groups, targeted prevention measures and integration of ophthalmic care into public health emergency frameworks to alleviate the disease burden.
Nurses commonly experience negative experiences after experiencing a patient safety event, triggering a domino effect on the nurses themselves, subsequent patients, and healthcare organisations, thus requires urgent attention.
To explore the mediating role of psychological capital and coping styles between neurotic personality and negative experiences of nurses' second victims, and to provide theoretical guidance for nursing administrators to develop targeted strategies to mitigate negative experiences of nurses' second victims.
In June–July 2023, a general information questionnaire, a neurotic personality subscale, the Chinese version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Scale, the Nurses' Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and the Coping Styles Questionnaire were used to conduct an online survey of 213 nurses' second victims and structural equation modelling was constructed to clarify the relationship between these elements.
Psychological capital and coping styles partially mediated the relationship between neurotic personality and negative experiences in the nurses' second victims, with a total indirect effect value of 0.203 and a total effect value of 0.303, for a mediating effect of 33.00%.
Neurotic personality and immature coping styles negatively predict the degree of negative experience, while psychological capital and mature coping styles positively predict the degree of negative experience. Psychological capital and coping styles play a partial mediating role between neurotic personality and negative experience.
After a patient safety incident, nursing managers can mitigate the negative experiences of nurses' second victims in patient safety incidents by reducing their neurotic personality tendencies, enhancing their level of psychological capital, and guiding them to adopt mature coping styles.
No patient or public contribution.
by Yizhuo Gong, Xinmeng Wang, Mingkun Yu, Peipei Zu
PurposeTo precisely evaluate the independent influence of two different optical zone (OZ) sizes (6.3 mm vs. 6.5 mm) on corneal biomechanical properties within 6 months after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) using multivariable-adjusted statistical models.
MethodsThis retrospective study included myopic patients who underwent SMILE between 2022 and 2024. Patients were grouped into two groups based on the planned OZ: Group A (6.3 mm, 44 eyes) and Group B (6.5 mm, 54 eyes). Corneal biomechanical parameters were measured using the Corvis ST preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Linear Mixed Models (LMM) were used to assess the independent effect of OZ size, adjusting for key baseline covariates and accounting for inter-eye correlation by including a random intercept for patient identifier (ID).
ResultsA total of 98 eyes were analyzed. Baseline analysis revealed a significant imbalance between the groups, with Group A (6.3 mm OZ) having higher myopia and a greater corneal stromal ablation depth (both P 0.05), with the sole exception of Ambrosio Relational Thickness Horizontal (ARTH) (P = 0.012). In contrast, several preoperative covariates, particularly corneal stromal ablation depth and preoperative central corneal thickness, were identified as significant predictors of multiple postoperative biomechanical parameters.
ConclusionThe independent effect of a 0.2 mm difference in optical zone size on corneal biomechanical properties after SMILE appears to be limited. After comprehensive statistical adjustment, the results suggest that preoperative anatomical and surgical parameters, especially corneal stromal ablation depth, are the primary drivers of the postoperative biomechanical response, rather than the minor difference in OZ size itself. This study underscores the importance of confounder adjustment in refractive surgery research and suggests that maximizing the residual stromal bed may be more critical for maintaining corneal biomechanical integrity than fine-tuning the optical zone diameter.
by Wenlong Qian, Kou Xu, Shuo Li, Zhuo Zhang, Xiaoxiao Hou, Bingjie Min, Jia Ling, Xinyu Zhu, Hui Zhou, Wenjuan Xu, Wenming Yang, Shijian Cao, Yonghua Chen
BackgroundPenicillamine(D-Penicillamine) and trientine are first-line therapies for Wilson’s Disease (WD), yet real-world data on their adverse events (AEs) remain scarce. We analyzed the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to comprehensively assess the safety of penicillamine and trientine in WD treatment.
MethodsAEs for penicillamine and trientine (2004Q1–2024Q4) were analyzed using Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN).
ResultsWe found 1,452 and 760 AEs related to penicillamine and trientine, respectively. In all adverse event (AE) reports, the ratio of females to males was approximately 1.3, with the highest proportion of AE reports in the 21–30 age group, and the largest number of AE reports coming from the United States. Signal detection showed that the most commonly reported AEs for penicillamine and trientine were drug hypersensitivity and tremor, respectively, with the highest proportions in the SOC categories of immune system disorders and gastrointestinal disorders. The main AEs for both drugs involved condition aggravated, and identified potential safety signals requiring further validation for the two drugs, such as decreased bone density and brain atrophy for penicillamine, and memory impairment, oesophageal ulcer and starvation for trientine. In addition, we found that women were more likely to experience drug hypersensitivity in penicillamine adverse event reports, while men were more likely to experience cutis laxa.
ConclusionThis study reveals the characteristics of AEs and potential associated risks in the clinical application of penicillamine and trientine, emphasizing individualized medication and vigilant monitoring strategies to provide guidance for safe medication use.
The effectiveness of rural outreach remains limited due to the lack of suitable incentives within the county medical community. Based on the Existence, Relatedness and Growth (ERG) theory and work motivation theory, our study explored the incentive mechanisms of rural outreach through a new framework that incorporates external incentives, work-related personality traits and job performance.
An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study comprises a cross-sectional quantitative study (Study 1) and a qualitative study (Study 2).
County hospitals within the county medical community in Hubei province, China.
511 and 20 specialists who participated in rural outreach at county hospitals were recruited for the quantitative study and qualitative study, respectively.
Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore the relationship among external incentives (suggested by the ERG theory), work-related personality traits and job performance. In-depth interviews were used to explain why the existence factors had no effect on job performance of rural outreach.
In Study 1, our findings showed that relatedness and growth factors significantly improved job performance, with work-related personality traits acting as a mediating factor (p0.05). In Study 2, our findings revealed that existence factors may weaken specialists’ altruism. Most specialists viewed rural outreach as a chance to enhance their clinical skills and advance their career development rather than as an opportunity for financial compensation.
We recommend that policymakers should foster a supportive and growth-oriented environment for rural outreach programmes. Enhancing work-related personality traits may strengthen specialists’ intrinsic motivation and promote sustained engagement in rural service.
FreshRSS 