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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) in a community-based setting and its risk factors association in women living in hard-to-reach areas in Bangladesh.
A cross-sectional study
The study was carried out in six subdistricts, located in hard-to-reach and climate-impacted regions of Bangladesh.
A total of 8000 married women aged 30–60 years were invited for screening. Women who were unable to give consent, were pregnant or had a hysterectomy with removal of the cervix, previous screening less than 5 years, or treatment of the cervix or had symptoms of potential cervical cancer were excluded.
A community-based hrHPV self-collected screening for cervical cancer was conducted from June 2022 to July 2023.
Prevalence of cervical hrHPV and risk factor association.
11 127 women were eligible for screening; 7850 women submitted hrHPV self-swabs, 7828 valid HPV test results were reported and 164 women (2.1%) tested hrHPV positive. Women living in the North were 2.1 times more likely to be hrHPV positive compared with women living in the South (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.1, 95% CI: 1.5 to 3.8, p=0.023) and widowed women were 3.0 times more likely to be hrHPV positive than married women (AOR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.7 to 5.3, p=0.001). Another risk factor associated with testing hrHPV positive was the use of hormonal contraceptives for 5 years and above (AOR=7.0, 95% CI: 2.0 to 24.4, p=0.002).
The study identified a low overall prevalence of hrHPV infection (2.1%) among women in hard-to-reach areas in Bangladesh, with some regional variations. Higher prevalence was observed in widowed compared with married women and among women reporting more than 5 years of hormonal contraceptive use. This study shows no evidence of particularly high-risk groups in hard-to-reach areas in Bangladesh. The findings support the feasibility of implementing a nationwide hr-HPV-based self-sampling strategy as a viable approach to reach WHO targets for reducing the burden of cervical cancer. Recommendation for policymakers to support future research to identify hrHPV prevalence among women in comparable groups in other geographically remote areas in Bangladesh.
To assess the effectiveness of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) as an adjunctive treatment to anti-snake venom (ASV) for resolving venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) in patients with hemotoxic snakebites.
Systematic review and meta-analysis, reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Europe PubMed Central, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP were searched from inception to 30 July 2025 using multiple terms, including ‘fresh frozen plasma’, ‘plasma transfusion’, ‘hemotoxic snakebite’, ‘vasculotoxic snakebite’, ‘coagulopathy in snake bite’ and ‘venom-induced consumption coagulopathy’.
We included randomised controlled trials and observational studies in the English language comparing antivenom alone with antivenom with FFP in patients with hemotoxic snakebite-induced coagulopathy. Studies must have reported coagulopathy resolution as measured by international normalised ratio (INR) normalisation or 20 min whole blood clotting test (WBCT) correction. Non-English publications, case reports, case series, reviews, conference abstracts, preclinical studies and studies lacking full-text availability or without quantitative INR or WBCT outcome data were excluded.
Two independent reviewers extracted data using standardised extraction forms and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for randomised controlled trials and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational studies. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and expressed as ORs with 95% CIs. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.
Four studies involving 370 patients were included (two randomised controlled trials and two prospective observational studies). The pooled analysis demonstrated that adjunctive FFP significantly increased the likelihood of coagulopathy resolution compared with antivenom alone (OR=7.71, 95% CI 2.20 to 27.04, p=0.001). No evidence of a significant difference in mortality was observed between groups (OR=4.96, 95% CI 0.55 to 44.60, p=0.15). High heterogeneity was noted among the four studies (I² = 67%), but a subgroup analysis of three studies, which used INR as the outcome assessment method, showed lower heterogeneity (I² = 25%). Adverse events were inconsistently reported across studies.
FFP as an adjunct to antivenom significantly improves coagulopathy resolution in patients with hemotoxic snakebite-induced coagulopathy. However, the certainty of evidence is very low because of methodological limitations, small sample sizes and significant heterogeneity. Although FFP shows promise for rapid coagulopathy correction, mortality benefits are not established, and it should not replace timely antivenom administration or comprehensive supportive care.
PROSPERO, CRD42023483336.
by Abebe Fenta, Tebelay Dilnessa, Destaw Kebede, Mekuriaw Belayneh, Zigale Hibstu Teffera, Bewket Mesganaw, Adane Adugna, Wubetu Yihunie Belay, Habtamu Belew, Desalegn Abebaw, Bantayehu Addis Tegegne, Zelalem Dejazmach, Fassikaw Kebede, Gashaw Azanaw Amare
BackgroundCo-infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) is a primary cause of death and morbidity. The rate of morbidity and death from TB-HIV is still Ethiopia’s top health issue.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected individuals on anti-TB and anti-retroviral dual Therapy at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital among 436 TB-HIV co-infected individuals. A computer-generated random sampling technique was used to select patient charts registered from September 1st, 2011, and August 31st, 2020. Epi-Data version 3.1 was used for data entry, and STATA version 13 was used for the analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was applied to estimate the cumulative survival time of the TB-HIV patients. Log-rank tests were utilized to compare the survival time across various categories of explanatory variables. Bi-variable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to find predictors of TB-HIV mortality.
ResultsThe mortality rate of TB-HIV co-infected individuals was 15.6%, with a median survival time of 42 months. Being male (Adjusted hazard Ratio (AHR)1.914;95%CI: 1.022–3.584), having CD4 count Conclusion and recommendation
The mortality rate among TB-HIV co-infected patients at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital was high. Being male gender, having a CD4 count below 50 cells/mm³, being ambulatory and bedridden, having low baseline weight, and having low hemoglobin were the important predictors of mortality. To reduce mortality, it is crucial to focus on the early identification and management of high-risk patients, particularly those with low CD4 counts, poor functional status, and low hemoglobin. Strengthening integrated TB and HIV care services is recommended to improve patient survival outcomes.
To explore the caregiving experiences and support needs of fathers of children with medical complexity in Canada.
A qualitative study guided by interpretive description methodology and informed by a Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) lens.
Data were collected through 60-min semi-structured interviews with seven fathers of children with medical complexity and analyzed using thematic analysis. The study followed the COREQ guidelines and checklist.
Thematic analysis identified fathers' key roles as financial providers, hands-on caregivers, and as playing a key role in supporting their partners emotionally with the challenges of caregiving. Fathers prioritised the need for peer support, flexible workplace policies and improved access to mental health services.
The findings indicate that there is a critical need for more inclusive and flexible support systems and workplace policies that acknowledge and accommodate the important caregiving roles of fathers of children with medical complexity.
The implications for healthcare professionals include actively involving fathers in care planning and providing targeted support services that recognise their roles to enhance child and family outcomes.
We worked closely with our community advisory team, comprised of a physician, social worker and community organisation leader, who contributed to the study design, supported participant recruitment, and assisted in disseminating the findings back to the community, helping to ensure the research was grounded in and responsive to the needs of families of children with medical complexity.
To evaluate the implementation process of a novel program focused on improving interactive (dialogic) feedback between clinicians and students during placement.
Quantitative cross-sectional hybrid type 3 effectiveness–implementation study driven by a federated model of social learning theory and implementation theory.
From June to November 2018, feedback approaches supported by socio-constructive learning theory and Normalisation Process Theory were enacted in four clinical units of a healthcare facility in southeast Queensland, Australia. The study involved 16 clinical instructors/supervisors, 94 bedside nurses, and 85 final-year nursing students. Engagement was evaluated using the Normalisation Measure Development survey. Situated learning encounters were constructed based on the needs of each group.
Survey results of the four Normalisation Process Theory constructs identified variable adoption by participant groups. Engagement in situated learning encounters that facilitate dialogic feedback was greatest in clinical instructors/supervisors, followed by students. Bedside registered nurses, while indicating they understood purposeful feedback behaviours, did not demonstrate them in practice.
The extent to which each group practiced dialogic feedback depended on their perceptions of their influence, whether they saw it as part of their role, and the effort and time required, regardless of the activity's importance, role statements, and codes of conduct.
Understanding the norms that shape communication, engagement, and nurses' role priorities is crucial for guiding practice and ongoing engagement with feedback.
The research provides valuable insights for leaders aiming to enhance the integration of evidence into practice. It guides leaders to understand that participants prioritise the reach, relevance, and resources of evidence over formal role descriptions, responsibilities, policies, and codes of conduct. This research encourages leaders to scrutinise existing beliefs, norms, and routines when implementing evidence-based practices.
Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) reporting guidelines were used.
None.
This study was an investigation of the key factors influencing nurse retention and attrition focusing on the perspectives of current and former nurses within the context of the ongoing nursing shortage exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed to explore the complex dynamics of nurse retention and attrition in a rural and northern academic hospital in northwestern Ontario.
An online survey was administered to current and former nurses to compare the perspectives of those with no intention of leaving the organisation, those contemplating departure within the next year, and those who had reduced their work hours in the past 5 years.
Of the 288 respondents, 47% indicated no intention to leave and 17% reported having already left the organisation. The primary reasons for attrition included excessive workload demands, challenges maintaining a healthy work-life balance and dissatisfaction with management practices and organisational support. Respondents recommended improving leadership effectiveness, increasing staffing levels and implementing retention-focused initiatives to enhance job satisfaction and reduce turnover.
This study underscored the urgent need for strategic interventions tailored to retain nursing staff, particularly in rural and northern communities already facing significant recruitment and retention challenges. By addressing workload pressures, enhancing work-life balance, strengthening leadership and offering retention initiatives, health care organisations can improve job satisfaction and reduce attrition. System-level changes are essential to creating a sustainable and supportive environment for nursing professionals.
The findings highlight the critical need for immediate action to address the nursing crisis in rural and northern health care settings. They emphasise the importance of systemic interventions aimed at improving staffing levels, leadership practices and overall work conditions to safeguard the future of nursing in these underserved regions.
No patient or public contribution.
This research will contribute to the extant literature on the retention and attrition levels of nursing by offering a unique perspective from a rural and northern academ. The findings may help to guide hospital administrators to develop targeted strategies to enhance nurse retention rates within their organisations. By prioritising nurse satisfaction, these efforts will foster positive nurse–patient interactions and improve overall care outcomes.
This study is reported according to STROBE guidelines.
by Andrea C. Aplasca, Peter B. Johantgen, Christopher Madden, Kilmer Soares, Randall E. Junge, Vanessa L. Hale, Mark Flint
Amphibian skin is integral to promoting normal physiological processes in the body and promotes both innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens. The amphibian skin microbiota is comprised of a complex assemblage of microbes and is shaped by internal host characteristics and external influences. Skin disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in amphibians, and increasing research has shown that the amphibian skin microbiota is an important component in host health. The Eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) is a giant salamander declining in many parts of its range, and captive-rearing programs are important to hellbender recovery efforts. Survival rates of juvenile hellbenders in captive-rearing programs are highly variable, and mortality rates are overall poorly understood. Deceased juvenile hellbenders often present with low body condition and skin abnormalities. To investigate potential links between the skin microbiota and body condition, we collected skin swab samples from 116 juvenile hellbenders and water samples from two holding tanks in a captive-rearing program. We used 16s rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the skin and water microbiota and observed significant differences in the skin microbiota by weight class and tank. The skin microbiota of hellbenders that were housed in tanks in close proximity were generally more similar than those housed physically distant. A single taxa, Parcubacteria, was differentially abundant by weight class only and observed in higher abundance in low weight hellbenders. These results suggest a specific association between this taxa and Low weight hellbenders. Additional research is needed to investigate how husbandry factors and potential pathogenic organisms, such as Parcubacteria, impact the skin microbiota of hellbenders and ultimately morbidity and mortality in the species.Investing in advanced nursing roles (AN) in social care is a strategic priority to address workforce challenges, create new career pathways, improve outcomes and future-proof the sector. However, there is limited understanding of these roles globally. This systematic scoping review maps the international presence and impact of post-qualification advanced practice roles for registered nurses (RNs) working in care homes and charitable organisations.
This review was conducted following the methodology established by the JBI and adhered to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews checklist.
Studies were included if (1) they included RNs working in care homes, charities or not-for-profit health centres, (2) the RN was in a specialist, enhanced or advanced practice role and (3) if role details were provided. Studies were limited to those published in the English language between 2014 and 2024. Evidence was gathered from a comprehensive search of electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science), grey literature, relevant webpages, and reference lists. Expert consultations were also conducted. Eligible full texts were reviewed in Covidence software by two independent researchers.
The search yielded 575 records, and 89 were taken forward for full-text screening. A total of 20 met the inclusion criteria: 19 were concerned with AN roles in care homes, and one focused on a charitable organisation. The majority of these studies (n = 12) were conducted in North America.
The literature on AN roles in care homes and charitable organisations is notably sparse. Despite this, the available evidence highlights substantial benefits, including improved care quality, enhanced resident outcomes and positive impacts on team dynamics. This review identifies four key themes: scope of practice, positive impacts, influencing factors and barriers, which provide a framework for policymakers, healthcare leaders and educators to optimise the contributions of this group within the evolving global social care sector.
Not undertaken because of the nature of scoping reviews.
This review highlights the crucial role of advanced nurses in enhancing care quality, resident outcomes, and workforce sustainability in care homes and charitable organisations. The findings provide direction for policymakers and health and social care leaders to further develop the role of nursing in social care settings globally.
A assistência psiquiátrica brasileira começou nas Santas Casas de Misericórdia até o surgimento dos hospitais psiquiátricos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar vestígios do cuidado de enfermagem em psiquiatria nas primeiras instituições criadas no estado do Piauí, região Nordeste do Brasil e analisar suas relações com a institucionalização deste grupo na primeira metade do
século XX. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, histórico social, com dados publicados na mídia jornalística, coletados em arquivos públicos brasileiros. A análise, sob o referencial teórico foucaultiano, seguiu a metodologia de triangulação das fontes e interpretação de dados. Resultados: duas instituições iniciaram a assistência psiquiátrica no estado: o Asylo de Alienados, instituição pública criada em 1907, e o Sanatório Meduna, instituição privada inaugurada em 1954. Apesar do intervalo de 47 anos entre tais instituições, ambas instituíram o modelo manicomial, cuja prática assistencial incluía longos períodos de internação e tratamento disciplinar. Tal modelo abriu o mercado de trabalho para a enfermagem em psiquiatria, que se constituiu inicialmente de pessoas sem preparo formal, devido a inexistência de cursos de enfermagem no estado. Conclusão: o cuidado de enfermagem em psiquiatria foi institucionalizado no
Piauí/Brasil de acordo com a psiquiatria tradicional e a ausência de um saber próprio da enfermagem a colocou em condições de submissão ao poder médico, com poucos avanços na primeira metade do século XX.
This paper aims to: (a) determine the personal, sociodemographic, clinical, behavioural, and social characteristics of older Brazilians with clinical evidence of long COVID; (b) evaluate perceived quality of life and determine its association with personal, sociodemographic, behavioural, clinical and social variables; and (c) assess significant predictors of high perceived QoL.
Given the inherent vulnerabilities of the ageing process, the older people are an at-risk group for both contagion of SARS-CoV-2 and the perpetuation of residual symptoms after infection, the so-called long COVID or post-COVID syndrome.
A cross-sectional survey design using the STROBE checklist.
Brazilian older people with long COVID syndrome (n = 403) completed a phone survey measuring personal, sociodemographic, behavioural, clinical, and social characteristics, and perceived Quality of Life (QoL). Data were collected from June 2021–March 2022. A multiple linear regression model was performed to identify salient variables associated with high perceived QoL.
The mean age of participants was 67.7 ± 6.6 years old. The results of the multivariate regression model showed that race, home ownership, daily screen time, musculoskeletal and anxiety symptoms, and work situation were the significant predictors of QoL among COVID-19 survivors.
Knowledge about the persistence of physical, emotional, and social symptoms of COVID-19 can help nurses and other healthcare providers to improve the management of survivors, bringing benefits to the whole society.
Given the novelty of long-COVID and its heterogeneous trajectory, interventions focusing on the repercussions and requirements unique to more vulnerable older persons should be developed and these aspects should be included in public health recommendations and policymakers' concerns.
No patient or public contribution was required to design, to outcome measures or undertake this research. Patients/members of the public contributed only to the data collection.
Objetivo: Analizar la distribución especial de casos de infección por drogas tuberculosis/VIH en el estado del nordeste brasileño y su correlación con los indicadores sociales, económicos y de la salud. Métodos: Estudio ecológico, realizado en Ceará, con 49 personas con tuberculosis/VIH. Datos de los sistemas oficiales de salud, analizados por la correlación de Pearson, ArcGIS y del índice global de Moran. Resultados: Hubo mayor número de casos en 2017 (24,5%) y en Fortaleza (63,8%), con prevalencia de casos en barrios, con promedio de 3,44-3,61 residentes, en hogares con 1 a 3 baños y responsables con ingreso entre R $ 429,02 y R$ 1111,32. Conclusiones: En la mayoría de los casos coinfectados farmacorresistentes estaban localizados en la capital del estado, en regiones socialmente desfavorecidas.
Este artículo contempla una actualización con base a los diez puntos establecidos por el consenso Skin Changes at the Life's End [Cambios en la Piel en el Final de la Vida] (Scale, por su sigla en inglés) y tiene por objetivo discutir la evaluación de las condiciones y el cuidado de la piel en el final de la vida. Acerca de los pacientes y familiares, se propone la construcción de un plan de cuidados basándose en sus deseos que deben ser debidamente registrados. Para los profesionales de salud, las recomendaciones buscan la educación para la evaluación de los signos clínicos de falla e insuficiencia de la piel. Así pues, la prioridad es la comodidad del paciente. Se concluye que la utilización del consenso Scale va al encuentro de la filosofía de los cuidados paliativos y puede así mejorar los aspectos multidimensionales involucrados en la calidad del proceso de morir.
FreshRSS 