Patient awareness of their diagnosis and management plan is crucial for improving compliance, empowering patients and enhancing outcomes. We aimed to assess surgical patients’ awareness of their diagnosis, management plans and associated factors.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 on 400 adult surgical inpatients who had undergone surgery in the general surgery, gynaecology and obstetrics, and orthopaedic wards at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured written questionnaire and analysed using the SPSS V.25. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with patients’ awareness of their diagnosis and care plan, with significance determined using adjusted ORs and 95% CIs.

Overall, 52% of respondents had global awareness of their clinical conditions and management plans. Awareness was highest for clinical diagnosis (78.9%), necessity of admission (78.9%) and operations performed (72.0%). However, more than 50% of respondents did not seek information on the diagnosis, possible cause and investigation related to their condition. In multivariable analysis, patients with tertiary education were 7.12 times more likely to have global awareness than those without formal education (adjusted OR, AOR=7.12; 95% CI 1.95 to 25.95), and patients living in urban areas were 3.15 times more likely to have global awareness than those in rural areas (AOR=3.15; 95% CI 1.63 to 6.10; p

Awareness of various aspects of healthcare ranged from 35.5% to 78.9%, with about half of respondents demonstrating global awareness of their diagnosis and management plans. Implementing shared decision-making models may improve patients’ understanding of their care plans.

The aim of this study was to assess the level of continuum of maternal, newborn, childand reproductive health coverage using the composite coverage index (CCI) and to identify its determinants, including socioeconomic, community context, individual and family, and health service-related factors, among postpartum women one year after childbirth in Ethiopia.

This study was a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the second cohort of the performance monitoring for action (PMA) Ethiopia survey, which was conducted from 2021 to 2023. Data were collected at four intervals: a baseline survey, a 6 week postpartum survey, a 6 month postpartum survey and a 1 year postpartum survey to track reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health indicators.

The study was conducted from the major regions of Ethiopia, namely Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ and the city administration of Addis Ababa.

A total of 2297 women enrolled in cohort two of PMA Ethiopia. Of these, 2072 completed the 6 week, 1874 the 6 month and 1858 (along with their 1800 children) the 1 year postpartum follow-up surveys. The final analysis was based on a weighted sample of 1793 participants.

The outcome variable for this study was the continuum of maternal, newborn, child and reproductive health services, assessed using the CCI. We applied quantile regression analyses at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th quantiles of the outcome variable. Statistical significance of predictors was determined based on p values

The findings revealed that the mean CCI was 56.2% (95 % CI 52.5% to 59.8%), indicating the proportion of maternal, newborn, child, and reproductive health services received. Notably, only 4% of women received all 12 maternal, newborn, child, and reproductive health services as part of the continuum of care, while 1.1% did not receive any intervention. The study identified several factors significantly associated with CCI across different quantile levels, including maternal age, maternal education level, household wealth index, first antenatal care visit (ANC1), parity, previous facility delivery, partner encouragement, use of maternity waiting homes, and administrative regions.

Based on the findings of this study, the coverage of continuum of maternal, newborn, child and reproductive health services in Ethiopia remains low. This highlights a substantial gap in Ethiopia’s progress toward the 2030 sustainable development goal target. Ethiopia must significantly accelerate efforts to improve maternal, newborn, child and reproductive health services in order to achieve the set goals. Policymakers and programme implementers should carefully consider the identified determinants when designing policies and programmes aimed at enhancing maternal, newborn, child and reproductive health outcomes.

To assess how preoperative anaemia affects surgical outcomes in elderly patients within a resource-limited setting.

Prospective cohort study.

Two comprehensive specialised hospitals in Ethiopia.

Participants consisted of 224 patients aged 65 years and older who underwent surgery between 1 December 2024 and 29 March 2025.

Perioperative blood transfusions were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) admission, risk of postoperative complications, prolonged hospitalisation, poor recovery quality and in-hospital mortality.

The anaemic group required transfusions of three or more units more frequently than the non-anaemic group (10.5% vs 2.6%; absolute risk difference 8.0%). Their perioperative transfusion rates were significantly higher (42.3% vs 18.4%; p

Preoperative anaemia significantly increases the risk of transfusion, poor recovery, ICU admission, prolonged hospitalisation and in-hospital mortality in older patients who underwent surgery. In resource-limited settings, improving perioperative outcomes should prioritise the early detection and treatment of anaemia.

Assess the magnitude of adverse pregnancy outcomes and associated factors among mothers who had operative vaginal delivery in Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, 2024.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 November 2024 to 20 February 2025.

Seven comprehensive specialised hospitals were included in the study.

The study was employed on 389 mothers who had operative vaginal delivery.

Systematic sampling was used. Data were collected via questionnaires, chart reviews and observation. Data were entered into Epi Data V.4.6 and analysed using V.25 statistical package of social sciences. Variables with p

Adverse pregnancy outcomes of operative vaginal delivery.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes of operative vaginal delivery were 42.2%. Among them, 46 (11.8%) had only maternal complications, 55 (14.1%) had only neonatal complications and 63 (16.2%) had both maternal and neonatal complications. Perineal tear 29 (7.5%) and episiotomy extension 31 (8%) were the most common maternal complications, while caput succedaneum 45 (11.6%) was the most neonatal complication. The most common indication of operative vaginal delivery was prolonged second stage 203 (52.2%). Vacuum-assisted delivery (AOR 0.53; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.96), two tractions (AOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.90), birth weight less than 2.5 kg (AOR 1.85; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.83) and mid fetal station (AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.49 to 5.64) were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes following operative vaginal delivery were high. Type of instrumental vaginal delivery, number of tractions, fetal birth weight and fetal station were significantly increased risks. Therefore, operators should minimise traction attempts during operative vaginal delivery to reduce adverse outcomes.

This study aimed to compare the nutritional status and dietary intake between khat chewer and non-chewer women of reproductive age in Halaba Zone, South Ethiopia.

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted.

The study was conducted in Halaba Zone, South Ethiopia.

A total of 792 (396 khat chewers and 396 non-chewers) women of reproductive age were selected by a simple random sampling technique from 20 June 2023 to 26 August 2023.

Dietary intake was assessed by a single 24-hour recall method. The nutrient adequacy ratio and mean adequacy ratio were applied to estimate the adequacy of micronutrients. Standing height was measured using a wall-mounted stadiometer to the nearest 0.1 cm, and weight of the women was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg on a battery-powered digital scale (Seca Gmbh & Co. KG, Germany). A linear regression model was fitted to determine the relationship between nutritional status and khat chewing. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds of nutrient intake inadequacy among the two study groups. A p value of

Women who chewed khat had a higher prevalence of underweight (36.6%) than those who did not (9.4%). The mean (SD) body mass index for khat chewer women was 48.66±5.39 kg, while that of non-chewer women was 55.29±6.75 kg. Women who chewed khat were significantly more likely to be underweight than those who had never chewed khat (β = –1.91, 95% CI –2.30 to –1.53; p12 (AOR=2.79 (95% CI 1.79 to 4.36), p

Women who chewed khat were significantly more likely to be underweight compared with those who had never chewed khat. Khat chewers were more likely than non-chewers to have inadequate carbohydrate, protein, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B₁₂, zinc and calcium intake. Public health interventions aimed at improving the nutritional status of women of reproductive age should develop strategies to address the spread of khat-chewing habits.

To assess the incidence of delirium and its predictors among adult patients admitted to the intensive care units of comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara region of northwest Ethiopia from 18 October 2024 to 20 February 2025.

A multicentre prospective observational study was conducted.

Four comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara region of northwest Ethiopia, from 18 October 2024 to 20 February 2025.

A total of 351 patients were included in the final analysis during the study period.

The primary outcome measure of this study was the incidence of delirium. Additionally, the study investigated the factors associated with delirium incidence among adult patients admitted to intensive care units.

The incidence of delirium among adult patients in intensive care units was 42.17% (95% CI: 37.08 to 47.42). Pain (adjusted HR (AHR) = 4.74; 95% CI: 2.38 to 9.44), mechanical ventilation (AHR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.56 to 5.63), age 65 years or older (AHR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.48 to 3.21) and agitation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) ≥1) (AHR = 3.26; 95% CI: 2.09 to 5.09) were statistically significant factors associated with delirium.

In the present study, more than one-third of patients developed delirium. Pain, mechanical ventilation, age 65 or older and agitation (RASS≥1) were significantly associated with delirium occurrence. To reduce the incidence of delirium, the current study recommends treating or preventing pain and agitation. Additionally, special attention should be given to patients receiving mechanical ventilation and those aged 65 or older during care.