To determine the time to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and identify its predictors among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) discharged on secondary prevention medications in Ethiopia.

Institution-based retrospective cohort study.

University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia.

A total of 400 adult patients diagnosed with ACS and discharged with secondary prevention medications between January 2020 and December 2024.

The primary outcome was time to first MACE, defined as reinfarction, stroke or heart failure, measured in years from hospital discharge. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted to identify predictors of time to develop MACE. Data collected from patient medical charts were exported to STATA V.17 for analysis. The log-rank test was used to determine the survival difference between subgroups of participants.

During follow-up, 33.8% of patients experienced at least one MACE. The median time to MACE was 1.5 years. Female sex (adjusted HR (AHR)=2.08; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.49), presence of chronic comorbidities (AHR=2.09; 95% CI 1.42 to 4.41) and higher Killip class (IV vs I: AHR=1.57; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.78) were independently associated with a shorter time to MACE. Patients aged ≤55 years had a lower risk of MACE compared with those aged ≥66 years (AHR=0.77; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.98).

Among patients with ACS discharged on secondary prevention medications, one-third experienced MACE within a median of 1.5 years. Older age, female sex, presence of comorbidities and higher Killip class were significant predictors of shorter time to MACE. These findings highlight the need for targeted postdischarge monitoring and secondary prevention strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are critical for child growth and survival, yet they are strongly shaped by sociocultural and livelihood contexts. In pastoralist settings, feeding practices are influenced by traditional beliefs, mobility, environmental constraints and access to health services. However, limited evidence exists on how community norms and social structures influence IYCF in remote pastoralist communities of Ethiopia.

This study aimed to explore maternal and community perspectives on IYCF practices in the pastoralist communities of Afar Region, Ethiopia.

Qualitative observational study using a phenomenological approach.

Pastoralist communities in the Afar Region, Ethiopia.

16 mothers of children aged 6–23 months participated in in-depth interviews, and 20 community members (religious leaders, elders and clan leaders) participated in three focus group discussions.

Participants were purposively selected. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus group guides, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.

Four interrelated themes shaped IYCF practices. Cultural rituals and elder authority influenced breastfeeding initiation, particularly following home births, where pre-lacteal feeding linked to the Onor/Onqor ritual was described as delaying initiation. Although awareness of exclusive breastfeeding was commonly reported among participants, seasonal water supplementation and maternal workload limited consistent adherence. Complementary feeding was generally introduced at 6 months; however, dietary diversity was constrained by pastoral livelihood instability, drought, market inaccessibility and rising food prices. Gendered household dynamics shaped resource control and caregiving responsibilities, with women bearing primary responsibility for childcare, feeding and hygiene. Clan-based social networks provided support during hardship but also reinforced some traditional feeding practices.

IYCF practices in pastoralist Afar are shaped by cultural norms, gender relations and structural constraints, including livelihood insecurity and limited service access. Interventions should integrate culturally responsive community engagement with gender-sensitive and livelihood-informed nutrition strategies.

This study assessed the spatial distribution of HIV test non-uptake among pregnant women who attended antenatal care (ANC) in sub-Saharan Africa.

Cross-sectional study design.

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region. 24 SSA countries were included in this study.

Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), 2016–2024.

82 397 women who were pregnant in the last 2 years preceding the survey.

HIV test non-uptake, which is a legacy indicator of HIV test among pregnant women.

The HIV test non-uptake among ANC attending pregnant women was 39.6% (95% CI 39.27% to 39.93%). The spatial autocorrelation test revealed that HIV testing non-uptake among pregnant women was clustered. The global Moran’s I value was 0.48 with a p value

There was a significant geographical variation in HIV test non-uptake among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in sub-Saharan Africa. Prioritising hotspot areas with high rates of HIV test non-uptake for spatially targeted interventions is essential. Policymakers, health professionals, and other stakeholders should focus on improving women’s formal education, expanding health insurance coverage, and increasing ANC contacts to ensure that each visit includes HIV screening. Moreover, special attention should be given to younger women to enhance HIV testing uptake among those attending ANC in sub-Saharan Africa.

To estimate the global, regional and national burden of maternal haemorrhage (2000–2021) and its 2050 projections in 204 countries and territories.

This study systematic analysis of the burden of maternal haemorrhage sourced data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. We estimated the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs) due to maternal haemorrhage. Changes in the burden from 2000 to 2021 were computed using AAPC. To detect statistically notable changes in the trends of maternal haemorrhage metrics between 2000 and 2021, Joinpoint regression analysis using the Joinpoint Regression Programme was conducted. We also projected mortality rates, YLDs and YLLs through to 2050 using maps and trends generated by the GBD Foresight visualisation tool.

Globally, the incidence of maternal haemorrhage among women aged 15–49 years declined from 881.98 per 100 000 reproductive aged women (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 687.01 to –1150.23) in 2000 to 714.00 (95% UI 556.97 o t908.54) in 2021, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of –0.91 (–1.37 to –0.49). Similar downward trends were observed for maternal deaths, DALYs, YLDs and YLLs attributable to maternal haemorrhage, with AAPCs of –3.78 (–4.39 to –3.18), –4.68 (–4.83 to –4.55), –1.21 (–1.54 to –0.89) and –4.80 (–5.10 to –4.52), respectively. Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Western Sub-Saharan Africa, recorded the highest burden in 2021, which is almost 300 times higher than in Western Europe. Elevated rates of mortality, DALYs and YLDs were also evident in Sierra Leone, Chad, Niger, Mali, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Somalia and South Sudan in 2021 and projections for 2050. However, the high-income Asia Pacific region had the lowest incidence, DALYs and YLDs at 151.32 (109.63–203.68), 2.21 (1.72–2.86) and 0.87 (0.46–1.38) per 1 00 000 women, respectively. Australasia recorded the lowest maternal death count and YLLs attributed to maternal haemorrhage at 0.69 (0.50–0.90) and 0.56 (0.41–0.74) per 1 00 000 women, respectively.

While the global burden of maternal haemorrhage has declined over time, significant regional and national inequities persist. Even though the 2050 projections show improvement in the burden of maternal haemorrhage, there is also regional and national variation in the rate of decrease in maternal haemorrhage burden. Targeted, context-specific interventions are urgently needed to reduce maternal haemorrhage-related mortality and morbidity.

The BioCaPPE (Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer/Prevention and Environment) study is a multicentre prospective observational cohort designed to identify biomarkers associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk that may be modifiable through lifestyle factors. This paper describes the cohort, along with the data and bio-samples available for future studies in PCa risk assessment.

Canadian men at risk of PCa were enrolled based on one of two criteria (1) negative first prostate biopsy within 6 months from enrolment (Group 1); or (2) a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood level between 2.5 and 10 ng/mL without prior prostate biopsy (Group 2). At baseline, blood samples and comprehensive data were collected. PCa incidence and lifestyle factors were updated for all participants over 2 years, with extended follow-up for those who provided additional consent.

Recruitment was conducted across four health centres in Quebec, Canada. A total of 2053 men were enrolled—1499 in Group 1 and 554 in Group 2. All participants completed the initial visit, which included collection of medical and family history, anthropometric measurements, demographic information, dietary and alcohol intake, physical activity, tobacco use, medication use, and quality of life assessments, and candidate biomarker measurements. At the 2-year mark, 7.2% of participants had developed PCa; this figure has since increased to 15.3% (median follow-up: 6.1 years). Additionally, 84% (n=1718) consented to ongoing annual follow-up.

This large, prospective cohort of men at risk of PCa offers valuable resources for risk stratification and primary prevention. The BioCaPPE biosamples and data are available to support the identification of lifestyle-related biomarkers associated with PCa risk in this population.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03383016.