Meeting the recommended guidelines for physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep, collectively referred to as 24-hour movement behaviours (24h-MBs), is crucial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management and is associated with favourable health outcomes. However, it is suggested that adults with T2DM spend more time in SB and less time in PA compared with adults without diabetes.

This study aims to compare 24h-MBs between adults with and without T2DM (ie, controls with similar characteristics except for having T2DM), investigate how this is associated with cardiometabolic health, and assess changes in 24h-MBs after two years of follow-up (FU) in adults with T2DM.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Community-dwelling adults with T2DM and controls in Belgium.

This study took place between September 2021 and December 2023. The 24h-MBs were measured using accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3X+); cardiometabolic variables (adiposity, blood pressure and advanced glycation end-products) were collected in both groups. In adults with T2DM, fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and second FU. Compositional data analysis was used to explore group differences in 24h-MBs using multivariate analysis of variance, and regression models analysed associations with cardiometabolic health. Changes in 24h-MBs over time in adults with T2DM were assessed using a linear mixed model.

52 adults with T2DM (mean age 63.2 SD 10.6) and 74 controls (mean age 62.7 SD 9.4) were included in the cross-sectional analysis. The 24h-MBs of adults with T2DM differed significantly from the controls (p=0.026). Adults with T2DM spent significantly less time in light (–34.7 min/day) and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (–24.1 min/day) compared with controls. In adults with T2DM, reallocating 30 min from any behaviour to MVPA was associated with a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sleep: 5.05 mg/dL (2.45; 7.80), standardised effect size (ES)=0.53; SB: 4.53 mg/dL (1.93; 7.27), ES=0.47; light PA: 5.29 mg/dL (2.07; 8.73), ES=0.55) whereas in the control group significant decreases in waist circumference were found when reallocating 30 min from SB to sleep (2.42 cm (0.86–3.97), ES=0.34). 37 (mean age 65.0 SD 9.5) and 22 (mean age 67.0 SD 7.7) adults with T2DM provided valid data after 1 year and 2 years of FU, respectively. No significant changes in 24h-MBs were found after 1-year (p=0.93) or 2-year (p=0.79) FU among adults with T2DM.

Adults with T2DM have a less favourable 24h-MB composition compared to adults without T2DM, indicating the need for additional effort to achieve and maintain the guidelines. Despite the limited associations found, time reallocations from other behaviours to MVPA theoretically suggest the biggest health benefits.

NCT04993482.

Neurodevelopmental impairments in congenital heart disease (CHD) are the most frequent long-term morbidity. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes may start in the prenatal period. Maternal mental health may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for the optimisation of neurodevelopment in CHD. We propose to assess the impact of prenatal maternal mental health on 1-year neurodevelopmental outcomes in complex CHD.

Neuro-Moms CHD is a national multi-centre, prospective study of prenatal maternal mental health and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with complex CHD who undergo neonatal open-heart surgery. Participants (n=87 mother-child dyads) will be recruited from five major French paediatric cardiology centres (Necker Children’s Hospital in Paris, Bordeaux Cardiology Hospital, Marseille Children’s Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital and Saint-Pierre Institute). Expecting women who receive a prenatal diagnosis of fetal complex cyanotic CHD that requires a neonatal open-heart surgery for the newborn are eligible to participate. They will complete self-reports on mental health, anxiety, depression and coping skills and will participate in a semi-structured psychological interview. Mothers will provide information on medical, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. They will be enrolled during the third trimester of pregnancy and will participate at three time points: prenatal, T1; after the newborn’s cardiac surgery, T2; and between 12 and 18 months after birth of the child with CHD, T3. Children with CHD will undergo a standardised neurodevelopmental assessment when they turn 12–18 months old. The father or co-parent of the child with CHD will also participate in T1 and will complete mental health self-reports. We will use a structural equation model to estimate simultaneously the relationships among maternal mental health, prenatal factors and child neurodevelopment outcomes.

This study is sponsored by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research. It was approved by the Ethics Committee on 5 November 2024 and is registered in a public trials registry (NCT06711666). Neuro-Moms CHD targets a public health question with important societal implications. Results are expected to be broadly communicated with the scientific community and the lay public. Dissemination of findings will be in the form of scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences. Any publication or communication will comply with the international recommendations: ‘Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly work in Medical Journals’ (http://www.icmje.org/recommendations). All participants will give written informed consent or assent to participate. The anonymised data to be collected in this study will be available within the manuscripts published.

NCT06711666; pre-results.

Low back pain (LBP) is the leading contributor to disability globally. It has a substantial impact on the lives of those who experience it, and places considerable economic burden on healthcare systems. Despite these impacts, and the consistency of guideline recommendations, many individuals do not receive recommended LBP management. Structural barriers to accessing timely, evidence-based care, as well as public uncertainty about where to seek appropriate management, can influence the care individuals receive. Telephone and digitally based helplines assist to overcome many traditional barriers to accessing care and offer a scalable platform to improve the delivery of guideline recommended management for LBP. However, uptake of such services can be limited without targeted promotion and patient-centred design. This project aims to codesign, implement and evaluate an upgraded component of an existing Australian helpline service, tailored for people with back pain and supported by a media awareness campaign. This protocol outlines the codesign process, implementation and planned evaluation of the helpline.

This protocol uses three complementary frameworks—an iterative codesign process, the Practical Robust Implementation Sustainability Model, and the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework—to guide the codesign and development, implementation and evaluation of an upgraded helpline for people with LBP. The codesign process involves key stakeholders, including consumers and clinicians, to inform the development and implementation of both the upgraded helpline service and the media campaign to raise awareness and uptake of the helpline. Data sources will include a pre–post cohort of helpline service users, routinely collected service data (eg, monthly call rate) and health system data to evaluate the broader population level impact (eg, rates of emergency department presentations for LBP in the Australian region targeted by the media campaign). Implementation evaluation will include Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance as well as internal and external environmental factors that influence the success of these outcome measures.

The project was approved by the University of Sydney’s Human Research Ethics Committee (HE001081). This project involves collaboration with consumers, clinicians and other stakeholders to interpret, translate and disseminate research findings to relevant audiences.

A successful extubation process is critical for the future health outcomes of paediatric patients, as it tests the functioning of the respiratory system without the support of mechanical ventilation. However, extubation can cause stress, pain, anxiety or discomfort in patients, which may sometimes lead to an increased likelihood of reintubation. Music-based interventions and therapies have been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety and stress levels in ventilated patients in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), but studies evaluating the effect of music therapy during the extubation process in the PICU are scarce.

This is a pragmatic multicentre randomised clinical trial with two parallel arms. The intervention group will receive standard care + music therapy during the extubation process, and the control group will receive standard care alone. The main outcome measure is heart rate, which will be measured every minute for 5 min pre-extubation, during the extubation process and up to 10 min postextubation. Secondary outcome measures are: oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, blood pressure and heart rate variability. A total of 82 patients will be randomised.

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Fundación Universitaria Sanitas (CEIFUS 1356-24, date of approval: 3 May 2024). All parents or legal guardians of patients will sign a written informed consent, and if applicable, assent from participants will be sought. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, conferences and presentations at the hospitals’ clinical committees.

Version 1.0, 18 December 2024.

NCT06591533, trial registration date: 10 September 2024.

This systematic review aims to examine the association between maternal psychological distress (specifically perceived stress, clinical anxiety and depressive symptoms), measured exclusively during pregnancy, and child neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed within the first 3 years of life (0–36 months), including cognitive, language, socioemotional and behavioural development.

The review was conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024599742). It focused exclusively on studies assessing maternal distress during the prenatal period and its impact on cognitive, language, socioemotional and behavioural outcomes in infancy and toddlerhood.

A comprehensive search of six databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCOhost and PsycINFO, was conducted up to 10 April 2025, using structured combinations of keywords related to maternal stress and child development.

: Studies were included if they assessed psychological distress during pregnancy with validated tools and evaluated neurodevelopmental outcomes in children aged 0–36 months using standardised measures. Excluded were studies measuring distress only postnatally, animal models, non-original articles and studies without neurodevelopmental endpoints.

Data were extracted and reviewed independently by two authors using predefined criteria, with a third reviewer resolving disagreements. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Exposures tool for non-randomised studies and Cohort Studies. Given study heterogeneity, a structured narrative synthesis with standardised effect summaries was used.

44 studies met the inclusion criteria. Across these, small, correlational associations linked higher maternal distress during pregnancy with modest differences in cognitive and language scores and with elevated risks of behavioural and socioemotional difficulties. Children exposed to higher distress more often showed attention problems, greater negative emotionality, lower verbal ability and weaker emotion regulation, with effects frequently attenuated after adjustment and selective attrition.

Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is a context-sensitive correlate, not a proven cause, of early neurodevelopmental differences across cognitive, emotional and behavioural domains.

Multimorbidity contributes significantly to poor population health outcomes while straining healthcare systems. Although some multimorbid patients experience an accelerated health decline (a decline in well-being or functional status that cannot be attributed to the natural ageing-related health deterioration), others can remain stable for years. Identifying risk factors for accelerated health decline in persons with multimorbidity could help prevent complications and reduce unnecessary interventions. Our review, therefore, aims to map the evidence on the clinical, biographical and healthcare-related factors associated with an accelerated health decline in multimorbid individuals.

We will use the evidence-mapping review methodology. We will perform a systematic comprehensive literature search in Medline via Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar using two broad concepts: ‘multimorbidity’ and ‘longitudinal studies’. We will search with MeSH terms (eg, ‘Multimorbidity’ (Majr), ‘Longitudinal Studies’ (Majr)) and free text words (eg, multimorbidity, multiple chronic condition*, longitudinal), from inception to date of the final search. All original quantitative studies involving participants in primary care and related healthcare settings will be included. Abstract/titles and full-text screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two or more researchers to minimise selection and reporting bias, with conflicts resolved by consensus. The data will be analysed qualitatively, and topics will be extracted to create evidence clusters. Risk factors will be classified in groups and cross-referenced against the outcomes from respective studies into combinations of exposure-outcome clusters. The resulting evidence clusters will be described narratively and presented as bubble plots. The search, initiated in January 2023, will be updated following this protocol review to reflect the most current evidence; exact dates will be reported in the results manuscript.

Due to the nature of the proposed evidence map, ethics approval will not be required. Results from our research will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at local, national and international conferences.

https://osf.io/q72xa/