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AnteayerBMJ Open

Risk and time preferences in individuals with lifestyle-related and non-lifestyle-related cardiovascular diseases: a pilot study

Por: Kairies-Schwarz · N. · Mussio · I. · Bulla-Holthaus · N. · Wankmüller · E. · Wolff · G. · Gontscharuk · V. · Heinen · Y. · Perings · S. · Brockmeyer · M. · Kelm · M. · Icks · A.
Objectives

To (1) pilot a study of behavioural characterisation based on risk and time preferences in clinically well-characterised individuals, (2) assess the distribution of preferences in this population and (3) explore differences in preferences between individuals with ‘lifestyle-related’ (LS) and ‘non-lifestyle-related’ (NLS) cardiovascular diseases.

Design

Cross-sectional study with an economic online experiment to collect risk and time preferences, a detailed clinical characterisation and a sociodemographic and lifestyle survey. A definition of LS and NLS groups was developed.

Setting

Specialist outpatient clinics of the clinic for cardiology and pneumology of the University Hospital Düsseldorf and patients from a cardiology practice in Düsseldorf.

Participants

A total of 74 individuals with cardiovascular diseases.

Outcomes

Risk and time preferences.

Results

The implementation of the study process, including participant recruitment and data collection, ran smoothly. The medical checklist, the survey and the time preference instrument were well received. However, the conceptual understanding of the risk preference instrument resulted in inconsistent choices for many participants (47%). The remaining individuals were more risk averse (27%) than risk seeking (16%) and risk neutral (10%). Individuals in our sample were also more impatient (49%) than patient (42%). The participant classification showed that 65% belonged to the LS group, 19% to the NLS group and 16% could not be assigned (unclear allocation to lifestyle (ULS) group). Excluding the ULS group, we show that individuals in the LS group were more risk seeking, and unexpectedly, more patient than those in the NLS group.

Conclusions

The process of the pilot study and its results can be used as a basis for the design of the main study. The differences in risk and time preferences between the LS and NLS groups provide us with a novel hypothesis for unhealthy behaviours: individuals never give up a bad habit, they simply postpone the latter, which can be tested alongside other additional research questions.

Prospective diagnostic accuracy study of history taking and physical examination for adults with vertigo in general practice: study protocol

Por: Ross · A. · Leemeyer · A.-M. R. · Bruintjes · T. D. · Cals · J. W. L. · Bronstein · A. · van Leeuwen · R. B. · Lissenberg-Witte · B. · van Vugt · V. A. · Rutgers · S. · Maarsingh · O. R.
Introduction

Vertigo is a prevalent and burdensome symptom. More than 80% of patients with vertigo are primarily treated by their general practitioner (GP) and are never referred to a medical specialist. Despite this therapeutic responsibility, the GP’s diagnostic toolkit has serious limitations. All recommended tests lack empirical evidence, because a diagnostic accuracy study on vestibular disorders (‘How well does test x discriminate between patients with or without target condition y?’) has never been performed in general practice. The VERtigo DIagnosis study aims to fill this gap.

Methods and analysis

We will perform a diagnostic accuracy study on vertigo of primary vestibular origin in general practice to assess the discriminative ability of history taking and physical examination. We will compare all index tests with a respective reference standard. We will focus on five target conditions that account for more than 95% of vertigo diagnoses in general practice: (1) benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, (2) vestibular neuritis, (3) Ménière’s disease, (4) vestibular migraine (VM) and (5) central causes other than VM. As these five target conditions have a different pathophysiology and lack one generally accepted gold standard, we will use consensus diagnosis as a construct reference standard. Data for each patient, including history, physical examination and additional tests as recommended by experts in an international Delphi procedure, will be recorded on a standardised form and independently reviewed by a neurologist and otorhinolaryngologist. For each patient, the reviewers have to decide about the presence/absence of each target condition. We will calculate sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios and diagnostic ORs, followed by decision rules for each target condition.

Ethics and dissemination

The study obtained approval from the Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Medical Ethical Review Committee (reference: 2022.0817—NL83111.029.22). We will publish our findings in peer-reviewed international journals.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN97250704.

Investigating patient engagement associations between a postdischarge texting programme and patient experience, readmission and revisit rates outcomes

Por: Bruce · C. · Pinn-Kirkland · T. · Meyers · A. · Javaluyas · E. · Osborn · J. · Kelkar · S. · Bruchhaus · L. · McLaury · K. · Sauceda · K. · Carr · K. · Garcia · C. · Arabie · L. A. · Williams · T. · Vozzella · G. · Nisar · T. · Schwartz · R. L. · Sasangohar · F.
Objectives

This study aimed (1) to examine the association between patient engagement with a bidirectional, semiautomated postdischarge texting programme and Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey outcomes, readmissions and revisit rates in a large health system and (2) to describe operational and clinical flow considerations for implementing a postdischarge texting programme.

Setting

The study involved 1 main academic hospital (beds: 2500+) and 6 community hospitals (beds: 190–400, averaging 300 beds per hospital) in Houston, Texas.

Methods

Retrospective, observational cohort study between non-engaged patients (responded with 0–2 incoming text messages) and engaged patients (responded with 3+ incoming, patient-initiated text messages) between December 2022 and May 2023. We used the two-tailed t-test for continuous variables and 2 test for categorical variables to compare the baseline characteristics between the two cohorts. For the binary outcomes, such as the revisit (1=yes, vs 0=no) and readmissions (1=yes vs 0=no), we constructed mixed effect logistic regression models with the random effects to account for repeated measurements from the hospitals. For the continuous outcome, such as the case mix index (CMI), a generalised linear quantile mixed effect model was built. All tests for significance were two tailed, using an alpha level of 0.05, and 95% CIs were provided. Significance tests were performed to evaluate the CMI and readmissions and revisit rates.

Results

From 78 883 patients who were contacted over the course of this pilot implementation, 49 222 (62.4%) responded, with 39 442 (50%) responded with 3+ incoming text messages. The engaged cohort had higher HCAHPS scores in all domains compared with the non-engaged cohort. The engaged cohort used significantly fewer 30-day acute care resources, experiencing 29% fewer overall readmissions and 20% fewer revisit rates (23% less likely to revisit) and were 27% less likely to be readmitted. The results were statistically significant for all but two hospitals.

Conclusions

This study builds on the few postdischarge texting studies, and also builds on the patient engagement literature, finding that patient engagement with postdischarge texting can be associated with fewer acute care resources. To our knowledge, this is the only study that documented an association between a text-based postdischarge programme and HCAHPS scores, perhaps owing to the bidirectionality and ease with which patients could interact with nurses. Future research should explore the texting paradigms to evaluate their associated outcomes in a variety of postdischarge applications.

Measuring patients experience of nursing quality in acute hospitals: review of existing scales and development and psychometric validation of a new scale

Por: Blume · K. S. · Kirchner-Heklau · U. · Winter · V. · Meyer · G. · Fleischer · S.
Objective

To provide an overview of existing instruments measuring patient-perceived quality of nursing care and to develop and psychometrically evaluate a new multidimensional scale applicable to the German acute care sector.

Design

We conducted a scale development and validation study involving the following phases: (1) performing a structured literature search to identify existing scales, (2) generating an initial pool of items using the results of the literature search and expert interviews, (3) coding/categorising the item pool, (4) organising a peer researcher workshop to select relevant items, (5) drafting the survey questionnaire and conducting cognitive pretesting, (6) pilot testing the survey questionnaire, (7) administering the survey to a large sample of hospital patients and (8) conducting a psychometric evaluation comprising exploratory factor analysis using the survey results, followed by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity assessment of the resulting draft scale.

Survey participants

17 859 recently hospitalised patients discharged from non-intensive care in non-paediatric and non-psychiatric hospital units in Germany between May and October 2019.

Results

We identified 32 instruments comprising 635 items on nursing care quality. Alongside 135 indicators derived from expert interviews, these formed our initial item pool, which we coded into 15 categories. From this pool, 36 items were selected in the peer researcher workshop for pretesting and psychometric evaluation. Based on the results of our exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we propose a second-order scale to measure Patients’ Experience of Nursing Quality in Acute Hospitals (PENQuAH), including the two higher-order dimensions ‘patients’ perception of direct nursing care activities’ and ‘patients’ perception of guidance provided by nurses’. The results of various tests suggest the scale has sufficient goodness of fit, reliability and validity.

Conclusions

The PENQuAH scale is promising in terms of its psychometric properties, the plausibility and meaningfulness of its dimensions, and its ease of use.

From intentions to practices: what drove people to get the COVID-19 vaccine? Findings from the French longitudinal socioepidemiological cohort survey

Por: Spire · A. · Sireyjol · A. · Bajos · N. · for the EpiCoV study group · for the EpiCov study group · Bajos · Warszawski · Baghein · Counil · Jusot · Lydie · Martin · Meyer · Raynaud · Rouquette · Pailhe · Pousson · Rahib · Sillard · Spire
Objective

In many countries, before COVID-19 vaccines became available, reluctance to get vaccinated was particularly prevalent among women, the most disadvantaged social groups and ethnoracial minorities, known to be at higher risk for the virus. Using a longitudinal perspective, we analyse the social determinants that are associated with the transition from attitudes towards vaccination to actual vaccination practices.

Design

Representative population-based prospective cohort.

Settings

From November 2020 to July 2021.

Participants

Adults included in the Epidemiology and Living Conditions (EpiCoV) cohort (n=86 701).

Main outcome measures

Attitudes towards vaccination in November 2020 before COVID-19 vaccines were available in France (in January 2021) and vaccination practices in July 2021.

Results

Among those who were initially reluctant in November 2020, the youngest, the poorest 10% (OR=0.68, 0.59–0.77), non-European immigrants (OR=0.72, 0.59–0.88) and descendants of non-European immigrants (OR=0.72, 0.61–0.86) were less likely to be vaccinated in July 2021, irrespective of trust in government and scientists. The same social factors were associated with non-vaccination among those who initially were undecided or who favoured vaccination.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that COVID-19 vaccines were relatively available and free of charge in France in July 2021, social inequalities in vaccination against the virus remained the same than those observed in vaccination reluctance in November 2020, before vaccines were available. While adjusting for trust, migration background, younger age and lower income were associated with lower vaccination uptake irrespective of initial intention. By neglecting to genuinely target specific groups that were initially reluctant to be vaccinated, vaccination policies contributed to strengthening pre-existing social inequalities around COVID-19 burden.

Respectful community engagement in health research with diverse im/migrant communities

Por: Machado · S. · Karsiem · S. · Lavergne · M. R. · Goldenberg · S. · Wiedmeyer · M.-l.
Introduction

Global migration and immigration are increasing, and migrants and immigrants (im/migrants) have specific health needs and healthcare experiences. Yet, im/migrant involvement in immigration and health research in Canada is inconsistent. Heretofore, involvement has primarily been in research planning, data collection and analysis, with little community involvement during knowledge exchange or through training and colearning opportunities. Community engagement has been especially uncommon in mixed-method and quantitative research in Canada.

Objective

This article describes lessons learnt from the Evaluating Inequities in Refugee & Immigrants’ Health Access (IRIS) project from 2018 to 2023, an ongoing mixed-method, community-based research project in British Columbia, Canada. Specifically, we share our core community engagement project structures, Commitments to Community and our Community Engagement Backbone, both collaboratively developed with im/migrant community memebers.

Participants

People with varied experiences of im/migration and connections to multiple, specific im/migrant communities participate in the project as participants, community researchers, community advisory board members, faculty members and students. Core research activities are supported in English, Farsi, Spanish and Tigrinya. We engage community members throughout the research process, from identifying research topics to knowledge exchange.

Conclusion

We found that these structures offer an accessible visual representation of the project’s commitments to community engagement, and the ways these commitments are demonstrated through values and action. Our training opportunities, colearning activities and knowledge exchange efforts also confirmed the accuracy of interpretation, prompted additional analysis to clarify or add depth to findings, and helped us identify additional research topics. We hope these learnings can be used to expand engagement with diverse im/migrant communities in health and immigration research.

Measuring supply-side service disruption: a systematic review of the methods for measuring disruption in the context of maternal and newborn health services in low and middle-income settings

Por: McGowan · C. R. · Gokulakrishnan · D. · Monaghan · E. · Abdelmagid · N. · Romig · L. · Gallagher · M. C. · Meyers · J. · Cummings · R. · Cardinal · L. J.
Objectives

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most essential services experienced some level of disruption. Disruption in LMICs was more severe than in HICs. Early reports suggested that services for maternal and newborn health were disproportionately affected, raising concerns about health equity. Most disruption indicators measure demand-side disruption, or they conflate demand-side and supply-side disruption. There is currently no published guidance on measuring supply-side disruption. The primary objective of this review was to identify methods and approaches used to measure supply-side service disruptions to maternal and newborn health services in the context of COVID-19.

Design

We carried out a systematic review and have created a typology of measurement methods and approaches using narrative synthesis.

Data sources

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health in January 2023. We also searched the grey literature.

Eligibility criteria

We included empirical studies describing the measurement of supply-side service disruption of maternal and newborn health services in LMICs in the context of COVID-19.

Data extraction and synthesis

We extracted the aim, method(s), setting, and study outcome(s) from included studies. We synthesised findings by type of measure (ie, provision or quality of services) and methodological approach (ie, qualitative or quantitative).

Results

We identified 28 studies describing 5 approaches to measuring supply-side disruption: (1) cross-sectional surveys of the nature and experience of supply-side disruption, (2) surveys to measure temporal changes in service provision or quality, (3) surveys to create composite disruption scores, (4) surveys of service users to measure receipt of services, and (5) clinical observation of the provision and quality of services.

Conclusion

Our review identified methods and approaches for measuring supply-side service disruption of maternal and newborn health services. These indicators provide important information about the causes and extent of supply-side disruption and provide a useful starting point for developing specific guidance on the measurement of service disruption in LMICs.

Hidden sodium in effervescent-tablet dietary supplements and over-the-counter drugs: a comparative cross-sectional study

Por: Kunz · M. · Götzinger · F. · Jacobs · C. M. · Lauder · L. · Ukena · C. · Meyer · M. R. · Laufs · U. · Schulz · M. · Böhm · M. · Mahfoud · F.
Objective

Dietary sodium intake represents a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. The study sought to analyse the sodium content of effervescent dietary supplements and drugs in Germany and the USA.

Design

Comparative cross-sectional study.

Setting and methods

The sodium content of 39 dietary supplement effervescent tablets available in Germany was measured in May and June 2022 using optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. The sodium content of 33 common pharmacy-only effervescent tablets (over-the-counter (OTC) drugs) in Germany was obtained from the summary of product characteristics. We compared the sodium content of the measured German dietary supplement effervescent tablets to that of 51 dietary supplement effervescent tablets available in the USA (data: National Institutes of Health’s Dietary Supplement Label Database).

Results

The measured sodium content in the German dietary supplements was 283.9±122.6 mg sodium/tablet, equivalent to 14±6% of the maximum recommended daily sodium intake (MRDSI). Vitamin products had the highest (378.3±112.8 mg, 19±6% of MRDSI), and calcium products had the lowest mean sodium content (170.4±113.2 mg, 9±6% of MRDSI). Vitamin products contained significantly more sodium than magnesium (378.3 mg vs 232.7 mg; p=0.004), calcium (378.3 mg vs 170.4 mg; p=0.006) and mineral products (378.3 mg vs 191.6 mg; p=0.048). The sodium content measured in products available in Germany was higher when compared with the declared sodium content on the label of the products sold in the USA (283.9 mg vs 190.0 mg; p

Conclusion

Effervescent tablets of nutritional supplements and OTC drugs contain high amounts of sodium, which often is not disclosed.

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