To assess the effects of behaviourally informed short message service (SMS) reminders on demand for human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation.

Individually randomised, five-group, controlled parallel trial.

A country-wide trial in Georgia.

55 176 girls aged 10–12, the entire population of unvaccinated girls of this age in the country, for whom there existed caregiver contact details.

Girls were randomised into five arms (four with n=11 035, with one n=11 036). Caregivers of the girls in four of the arms (treatment groups) were sent different versions of an SMS reminder (SMSR), reminding them that the girl was due to receive the HPV vaccine. The control group was sent no SMSR.

The primary outcome was a girl’s HPV vaccination status at the end of the trial.

Girls and their caregivers were blinded to group assignment.

The number of participants analysed in the four treatment groups was 10,784, 10,802, 10,794 and 10,820, with 10 828 analysed in the control group.

Each of the SMSRs was more effective than the control (no reminder) in encouraging HPV vaccination. Girls whose caregiver(s) were sent version 3 had 65% greater odds of receiving the vaccine relative to the control group (OR=1.65; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.97). Among girls whose caregivers received version 1, version 2 and version 4 of the SMS, the odds of receiving the HPV vaccine were respectively 42% (OR=1.42; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.70), 34% (OR=1.34; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.61) and 35% (OR=1.35; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.62) higher compared with the girls in the control arm.

We find a positive and statistically significant effect for each version of the SMSR, relative to the control condition.

NCT05536674.

To assess the prevalence of primary teeth extraction and associated factors among children under 5 years old living in Adea Berga Woreda, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia.

A community-based cross-sectional study using interviewer-administered questionnaire.

A total of 542 caregivers of under-five children participated in the study, which was conducted in Adea Berga Woreda, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia, from 1 to 30 July 2024.

Prevalence of primary teeth extraction among under-five children.

Of the 550 study participants, 542 responded, yielding a response rate of 98.5%. The prevalence of primary teeth extraction was 14.02%. Factors significantly associated with primary tooth extraction included residence (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.33; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.28), having information about scientific solutions for teething symptoms (AOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.79), a history of traditional medicine use (AOR 5.68; 95% CI 3.06 to 10.55), and the primary teeth extraction is traditional practice in the community (AOR 3.79; 95% CI 2.06 to 6.97).

Primary teeth extraction is a significant public health issue in the study area. Living in rural areas, lacking information about scientific treatments for teething symptoms, the traditional practice of primary teeth extraction and a history of using traditional medicines were identified as predictors of primary tooth extraction.

As care and rehabilitation poststroke are increasingly moving into persons’ home environment, the importance of support from social networks in self-management and rehabilitation has emerged as an important topic for research and practice. While there are instruments used to assess social support and collective efficacy, a clearer scope of the availability and quality of these instruments is needed. This clarification will enable the development of interventions integrating social network perspectives in poststroke rehabilitation.

To assess the availability and quality of instruments assessing social support and collective efficacy, a scoping review will be conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). Literature searches conducted between 14 November 2024 and 15 November 2024 in the CINAHL and PubMed/Medline databases resulted in 4631 articles potentially eligible. After removing duplicates, 4121 articles’ titles and abstracts were initially screened. Full-text screening, searches of reference lists and data extraction started in June 2025. Starting August 2025, two reviewers will assess the full texts against the inclusion criteria in Covidence using a coding template. Identified instruments will be appraised following the COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments guidelines) and analysed using a narrative descriptive method. Results will be reported in February 2026 according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review, as it does not involve primary data. However, this review follows established ethical guidelines and best practices, and included studies will be reviewed to ensure that they received ethical approval and included informed consent. Results from the review will be disseminated through an article in a scientific journal, at relevant conferences and surmised to stroke organisations. A policy brief will be developed for health and social care professionals and policy makers.

Cleft lip and palate significantly impact a child’s speech and facial appearance. Children undergo cleft repairs in infancy, but poor results from these initial repairs often lead to secondary surgery. In the late 1990s, cleft care provision in the UK was centralised to approximately 11 managed clinical networks or centres. This centralisation has been associated with improvements in speech and aesthetic outcomes, but little is known about the effect of centralisation on the use of secondary surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the cumulative incidence of secondary cleft surgeries before and after centralisation and the proportion of children achieving good clinical outcomes without secondary surgery.

Retrospective, cross-sectional.

Two cross-sectional studies of 5-year-old children with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate were conducted, one precentralisation and one postcentralisation.

The cumulative incidence of secondary surgery from birth through age 5 was compared precentralisation and postcentralisation using Fisher’s exact test, as were facial appearance and speech outcomes at age 5. Risk ratios (RR) were estimated using log-binomial multivariable regression models that adjusted for sex and age at evaluation.

Postcentralisation, the proportion of children achieving good or excellent facial appearance increased from 16% to 42% (p

Centralisation of cleft care was associated with improved outcomes of primary lip and palate repairs and a corresponding reduction in secondary surgery.