This study aims to assess the burden and predictors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among older age patients with diabetes attending comprehensive specialised hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.

A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted among older patients with diabetes using a systematic random sampling technique.

The study was conducted at five comprehensive specialised hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia from 8 May to 8 June 2023.

The study included 832 diabetic individuals aged 40 years and above.

Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and physical examinations.

In this study, a total of 832 participants were involved, with a response rate of 96.85%. The burden of AMD was 15.4% (95% CI 13.0% to 18.0%). Male sex (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.04, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.56), older age (AOR 6.91, 95% CI 3.17 to 15.08), diabetes duration of 10 and more years (AOR 3.00, 95% CI 1.91 to 4.69), higher body mass index (AOR 2.56, 95% CI 1.15 to 5.71), presence of hypertension (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.85) and family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.76) were positively associated with AMD.

This study found that the prevalence of AMD among patients with diabetes was 15.4%. Older age, male sex, longer DM duration, higher body mass index, presence of hypertension and family history of DM were significantly associated with AMD. Targeted screening of at-risk individuals for AMD, public health awareness campaigns focusing on these factors and further research to understand the burden and underlying mechanisms of these associations with AMD are recommended.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of eye care service utilisation and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia.

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling method.

The study was conducted at public healthcare facilities in Gondar city, orthwest Ethiopia.

The study included 607 healthcare professionals who worked in public healthcare facilities in Gondar ity.

Data were collected using personal interview using a pretested and structured questionnaire.

A total of 607 study participants took part in this study with a response rate of 91.97%. The median age of the participants was 32 years (IQR 30–36; range ±6). The proportion of eye care services utilisation in this study was 27.68% (95% CI 24.11% to 31.25%). Being masters or higher degree educational status (adjusted OR (AOR)=4.81, 95% CI: 2.01, 11.46), having more than ten years of working experience in healthcare (AOR3.01, 95% CI: 1.51 to 5.99), being affiliated with general hospital (AOR 4.02, 95% CI 1.51 to 10.68) and specialised hospital (AOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.55 to 5.89), obtaining prior eye healthcare training (AOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.00) and having a higher monthly household income (AOR 3.59, 95% CI 1.89 to 6.81) were positively associated with eye care service utilisation.

This study revealed that the proportion of eye care service utilisation among study participants was low. Holding a master or higher degree, more than 10 years of working experience in healthcare, affiliation with general or specialised healthcare facility, obtaining prior eye healthcare training and higher monthly household income were significantly associated with a good level of eye care service utilisation.

To assess the prevalence of primary teeth extraction and associated factors among children under 5 years old living in Adea Berga Woreda, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia.

A community-based cross-sectional study using interviewer-administered questionnaire.

A total of 542 caregivers of under-five children participated in the study, which was conducted in Adea Berga Woreda, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia, from 1 to 30 July 2024.

Prevalence of primary teeth extraction among under-five children.

Of the 550 study participants, 542 responded, yielding a response rate of 98.5%. The prevalence of primary teeth extraction was 14.02%. Factors significantly associated with primary tooth extraction included residence (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.33; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.28), having information about scientific solutions for teething symptoms (AOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.79), a history of traditional medicine use (AOR 5.68; 95% CI 3.06 to 10.55), and the primary teeth extraction is traditional practice in the community (AOR 3.79; 95% CI 2.06 to 6.97).

Primary teeth extraction is a significant public health issue in the study area. Living in rural areas, lacking information about scientific treatments for teething symptoms, the traditional practice of primary teeth extraction and a history of using traditional medicines were identified as predictors of primary tooth extraction.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among adult diabetic patients in Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling method.

The study was conducted in the University of Gondar, Debre Tabor, Felege Hiwot, Tibebe Ghion and Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.

The study included 1174 adult diabetic patients aged 18 years or older who had resided in Northwest Ethiopia for more than 6 months.

The primary outcome was the prevalence of POAG among adult diabetic patients in Northwest Ethiopia, 2023. The second outcome was the associated factors of POAG among adult diabetic patients.

A total of 1134 study participants participated, with a response rate of 96.5%. The median age of the participants was 53 years, with an IQR of 37–62 years. The prevalence of POAG was 14.37% (95% CI 12.30 to 16.30). Older age (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.97, 95% CI 1.25 to 7.04), long duration of diabetic mellitus (AOR=3.54, 95% CI 2.27 to 5.51), poor blood glucose level (AOR=2.61, 95% CI 1.50 to 4.54), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (AOR=4.91, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.46) and intraocular pressure (IOP) (AOR=9.15, 95% CI 6.01 to 13.93) were significantly associated factors with POAG.

This study revealed that the proportion of POAG among adult diabetic patients was high. Older age, long duration of diabetes mellitus, poor blood glucose level, PDR and IOP were positively associated with POAG.