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Social prescribing for people living with dementia (PLWD) and their carers: what works, for whom, under what circumstances and why - protocol for a complex intervention systematic review

Por: Marshall · J. · Papavasiliou · E. · Fox · C. · Hawkes · M. · Irvine · A. · Moniz-Cook · E. · Pick · A. · Polley · M. J. · Reeve · J. · Robinson · L. · Rook · G. · Sadler · E. · Wolverson · E. · Walker · S. · Cross · J. L. · the SPLENDID Collaboration · Fox · Cross · Allan · Avery · Bradbu
Introduction

Dementia is a complex medical condition that poses significant challenges to healthcare systems and support services. People living with dementia (PLWD) and their carers experience complex needs often exacerbated by social isolation and challenges in accessing support. Social prescribing (SP) seeks to enable PLWD and their carers to access community and voluntary sector resources to support them address such needs. Existing research, however, does not describe what SP interventions are currently in place in dementia care. Little is known about the needs these interventions are designed to address, the reasons that lead PLWD and their carers to participate in them, their effectiveness and the extent to which they could increase positive health outcomes if adopted and how.

Methods and analysis

A complex intervention systematic review of SP for PLWD and/or their carers will be conducted using an iterative logic model approach. Six electronic (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane/CENTRAL) and two grey literature databases (EThOS and CORE) were searched for publications between 1 January 2003 and June 2023, supplemented by handsearching of reference lists of included studies. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment, using Gough’s Weight of Evidence Framework, will be independently performed by two reviewers. A narrative approach will be employed to synthesise and report quantitative and qualitative data. Reporting will be informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Complex Interventions extension statement and checklist.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is required due to this systematic review operating only with secondary sources. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and meetings with key stakeholders including healthcare professionals, patient and carer groups, community organisations (eg, the Social Prescribing Network and the Evidence Collaborative at the National Academy for Social Prescribing), policymakers and funding bodies.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023428625.

Protocol for a realist evaluation of Recovery College dementia courses: understanding coproduction through ethnography

Por: Birt · L. · West · J. · Poland · F. · Wong · G. · Handley · M. · Litherland · R. · Hackmann · C. · Moniz-Cook · E. · Wolverson · E. · Teague · B. · Mills · R. · Sams · K. · Duddy · C. · Fox · C.
Introduction

Support following a dementia diagnosis in the UK is variable. Attending a Recovery College course with and for people with dementia, their supporters and healthcare professionals (staff), may enable people to explore and enact ways to live well with dementia. Recovery Colleges are established within mental health services worldwide, offering peer-supported short courses coproduced in partnership between staff and people with lived experience of mental illness. The concept of recovery is challenging in dementia narratives, with little evidence of how the Recovery College model could work as a method of postdiagnostic dementia support.

Methods and analysis

Using a realist evaluation approach, this research will examine and define what works, for whom, in what circumstances and why, in Recovery College dementia courses. The ethnographic study will recruit five case studies from National Health Service Mental Health Trusts across England. Sampling will seek diversity in new or long-standing courses, delivery methods and demographics of population served. Participant observations will examine course coproduction. Interviews will be undertaken with people with dementia, family and friend supporters and staff involved in coproducing and commissioning the courses, as well as people attending. Documentary materials will be reviewed. Analysis will use a realist logic of analysis to develop a programme theory containing causal explanations for outcomes, in the form of context-mechanism-outcome-configurations, at play in each case.

Ethics and dissemination

The study received approval from Coventry & Warwickshire Research Ethics Committee (22/WM/0215). Ethical concerns include not privileging any voice, consent for embedded observational fieldwork with people who may experience fluctuating mental capacity and balancing researcher ‘embedded participant’ roles in publicly accessible learning events. Drawing on the realist programme theory, two stakeholder groups, one people living with dementia and one staff will work with researchers to coproduce resources to support coproducing Recovery College dementia courses aligned with postdiagnostic services.

What are the perceptions and concerns of people living with diabetes and National Health Service staff around the potential implementation of AI-assisted screening for diabetic eye disease? Development and validation of a survey for use in a secondary car

Por: Willis · K. · Chaudhry · U. A. R. · Chandrasekaran · L. · Wahlich · C. · Olvera-Barrios · A. · Chambers · R. · Bolter · L. · Anderson · J. · Barman · S. A. · Fajtl · J. · Welikala · R. · Egan · C. · Tufail · A. · Owen · C. G. · Rudnicka · A. · On behalf of the ARIAS Research Group · S
Introduction

The English National Health Service (NHS) Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP) performs around 2.3 million eye screening appointments annually, generating approximately 13 million retinal images that are graded by humans for the presence or severity of diabetic retinopathy. Previous research has shown that automated retinal image analysis systems, including artificial intelligence (AI), can identify images with no disease from those with diabetic retinopathy as safely and effectively as human graders, and could significantly reduce the workload for human graders. Some algorithms can also determine the level of severity of the retinopathy with similar performance to humans. There is a need to examine perceptions and concerns surrounding AI-assisted eye-screening among people living with diabetes and NHS staff, if AI was to be introduced into the DESP, to identify factors that may influence acceptance of this technology.

Methods and analysis

People living with diabetes and staff from the North East London (NEL) NHS DESP were invited to participate in two respective focus groups to codesign two online surveys exploring their perceptions and concerns around the potential introduction of AI-assisted screening.

Focus group participants were representative of the local population in terms of ages and ethnicity. Participants’ feedback was taken into consideration to update surveys which were circulated for further feedback. Surveys will be piloted at the NEL DESP and followed by semistructured interviews to assess accessibility, usability and to validate the surveys.

Validated surveys will be distributed by other NHS DESP sites, and also via patient groups on social media, relevant charities and the British Association of Retinal Screeners. Post-survey evaluative interviews will be undertaken among those who consent to participate in further research.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained by the NHS Research Ethics Committee (IRAS ID: 316631). Survey results will be shared and discussed with focus groups to facilitate preparation of findings for publication and to inform codesign of outreach activities to address concerns and perceptions identified.

Robust cardiac segmentation corrected with heuristics

by Alan Cervantes-Guzmán, Kyle McPherson, Jimena Olveres, Carlos Francisco Moreno-García, Fabián Torres Robles, Eyad Elyan, Boris Escalante-Ramírez

Cardiovascular diseases related to the right side of the heart, such as Pulmonary Hypertension, are some of the leading causes of death among the Mexican (and worldwide) population. To avoid invasive techniques such as catheterizing the heart, improving the segmenting performance of medical echocardiographic systems can be an option to early detect diseases related to the right-side of the heart. While current medical imaging systems perform well segmenting automatically the left side of the heart, they typically struggle segmenting the right-side cavities. This paper presents a robust cardiac segmentation algorithm based on the popular U-NET architecture capable of accurately segmenting the four cavities with a reduced training dataset. Moreover, we propose two additional steps to improve the quality of the results in our machine learning model, 1) a segmentation algorithm capable of accurately detecting cone shapes (as it has been trained and refined with multiple data sources) and 2) a post-processing step which refines the shape and contours of the segmentation based on heuristics provided by the clinicians. Our results demonstrate that the proposed techniques achieve segmentation accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art methods in datasets commonly used for this practice, as well as in datasets compiled by our medical team. Furthermore, we tested the validity of the post-processing correction step within the same sequence of images and demonstrated its consistency with manual segmentations performed by clinicians.

Validación de contenido “Escala de autoeficacia para el amamantamiento, formato corto” en mujeres puérperas

Objetivo. Determinar la validez de contenido de la Escala de Autoeficacia para el Amamantamiento en mujeres puérperas. Metodología. Diseño metodológico de validación, con cinco etapas: 1. Adaptación sociocultural de la escala; 2. Validación de contenido; 3. Prueba piloto; 4. Factibilidad pragmática mediante Ensayo Clínico Aleatorio; 5. Análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados. Etapa 1-2: Los jueces modificaron en los 14 ítems, la palabra “poder”, por la palabra "Tengo la confianza". Índice de Validez por Ítem (1.7); Criterio de Validez (12%) y el Índice de Validez de Contenido (8.78). Etapa 3-4: Prueba piloto, α=.85. Se encontraron diferencias entre el grupo control y experimental en el re-test (p< .05). Etapa 5: Las subescalas explican el 39.91% de la varianza. Conclusión principal. Instrumento válido y confiable para medir la autoeficacia para el amamantamiento en mujeres puérperas. La intervención educativa y persuasión verbal mejora significativamente el nivel de autoeficacia mediante el componente educativo.

Hombres de blanco

Discurso mencionado en la presentación del libro “Hombres de blanco”, el pasado 28 de julio, donde fueron galardonados siete enfermeros mexicanos. En nosotros no nos distingue la cofia, a los pacientes les interesa saber si cuidamos de su salud con amor y ciencia. Pero ser varón, en esta disciplina, es luchar contra el estigma de que esta profesión solo es para mujeres, y se lucha contra la masculinidad casi hegemónica de nuestra sociedad. El pensamiento machista no respeta nuestras preferencias sexuales y se estigmatiza al que es heterosexual porque es heterosexual y al que simplemente, no lo es. En muchas ocasiones, no se nos permite estar en los servicios de ginecología o cuidar a los niños. Como hombres, en esta sociedad, no debemos llorar, expresar dolor; pero al igual que las mujeres, tenemos que proveer, tenemos que ser fuertes, cuidamos y educamos a nuestros hijos con firmeza, pero a la vez con mucho amor, nos preocupamos por nuestros hermanos, nuestras esposas o esposos y nuestros padres.

Efecto del ejercicio cardiovascular sobre las emociones de los adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad: ensayo clínico

Objetivo principal: describir el efecto de una dosis de ejercicio cardiovascular sobre los afectos del adolescente con sobrepeso y obesidad (SOB). Metodología: ensayo clínico controlado, paralelo y simple ciego. Población: Adolescentes de 15-19 años, Grupo Experimental (GE=10) y Grupo Control (GC= 8).  La intervención de ejercicio para el GE fue 5 veces por semana, 20-40 minutos, durante 8 semanas; mientras que para el GC fue menor dosis. Resultados principales: al comparar test vs. re-test, los afectos en general no tuvieron diferencia significativa (p>.05). Al analizar los afectos de manera específica, se observó diferencia significativa (p<.05) en motivado (test=3.10±.73 vs. re-test=3.90±1.44), activo (test=3.10±.56 vs. re-test=3.70±.82), entusiasmado (test=2.90±.87 vs. re-test=3.50±1.17) y estimulado (test=3±1.05 vs. re-test=3.80±1.03). Conclusión principal: la dosis propuesta de ejercicio en adolescentes con SOB, no representó cambios de manera general sobre los afectos, únicamente refleja significancia estadística en algunos de ellos por separado en el GE.

Intervenciones para el cuidado de personas con esclerosis múltiple: revisión sistemática

La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es la primera causa de discapacidad en adultos jóvenes. A pesar de su relevancia epidemiológica, no son claras las intervenciones de cuidado que realizan los profesionales de la salud para evitar la remisión de brotes de la enfermedad (independientemente del tratamiento farmacológico). Por lo tanto surge la siguiente pregunta ¿Qué intervenciones en los últimos cinco años realizan los profesionales de salud para la toma de decisiones sobre el cuidado humano en personas con EM? Metodología. Revisión sistemática, se consultaron las principales bases de datos con palabras clave en tres idiomas. Resultados principales: de 2093 artículos se excluyeron 1870 por título y se eliminaron 176 por resumen. Conclusión: Los artículos provienen principalmente de psicología, enfermería y medicina. Las principales intervenciones versaron en ejercicio, temáticas cognitivas, rehabilitación, cuidados paliativos, continuidad de cuidados y manejo de fatiga crónica. La información resulta importante para las disciplinas de salud, sobre todo para enfermería, al liderar un cuidado más cercano y de calidad en personas con EM.

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