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by Yankuba Singhateh, Tshepiso Mechele Matoko, Mannini Shaabe, Selloane Amelia Maepe, Francis Dumobong Ngmenasong Abobo, Sarah Waithera Wanyoike
BackgroundLesotho, a lower middle-income country in southern Africa, has historically had relatively high routine immunization coverage over the last three decades. Since 1996, the country has been implementing measles elimination strategies. This manuscript evaluates Lesotho’s performance, from 2011 to 2025, against the World Health Organization’s criteria for measles and rubella elimination.
MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of Lesotho’s immunization and surveillance data during 2011–2025. This included Lesotho’s annual WHO/UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage (WUENIC) for routine measles-containing vaccine (MCV) doses; performance in the periodic measles rubella vaccination campaigns and case-based surveillance; and the trends of measles and rubella incidences.
ResultsDuring 2011–2025, MCV1 coverage generally remained ≥90% but failed to reach the 95% elimination target. MCV2 coverage reached 80% in 2011 and 2012 before declining in subsequent years. Lesotho has mostly attained the targets for surveillance performance according to the two principal performance indicators – non-measles febrile rash illness rate and the proportion of districts that report a minimum of one suspected case. From 2011 to 2015, measles incidence stayed below one per 1 million population in Lesotho. However rubella incidence ranged between 33.4 in 2012 to 142.3 in 2014, and declined significantly after MR introduction in 2017.
ConclusionLesotho has made significant progress in measles and rubella elimination efforts. To sustain the gains made, the country should work to strengthen vaccination in the second year of life, reinforce demand generation during preventive campaigns, address population denominator inaccuracies that hinder accurate coverage tracking, and systematically document measles and rubella virus genotypes.
by Aline Veras Morais Brilhante, Christina César Praça Brasil, Raimunda Magalhães da Silva, Marjan Askari, Luciana Andrade da Mota Sampaio, Jonas Loiola Gonçalves, Layane Sabóia, Lucas Alessandro Macedo Cruz, Helena Rodrigues Dias, Luciel Almeida Cavalcanti, Maria Julya Albuquerque Parente, Mariana Tavares Rocha, Melania Maria Ramos de Amorim
Autistic women experience increased obstetric and perinatal risks, partly driven by communication barriers within maternity care. Evidence on how these barriers are experienced in low- and middle-income countries remains scarce. This study aimed to analyze communication barriers in perinatal care based on narratives of autistic women who experienced pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care in Brazil. A qualitative study was conducted using the Hermeneutic-Dialectic Circle (HDC) approach. Thirty-four autistic women (22 with support level 1 and 12 with support level 2, including three non-speaking participants with complex communication needs) were recruited through convenience sampling, supplemented by active recruitment through participant referral, and participated in semi-structured interviews conducted in multiple accessible formats (video call, real-time messaging, in-person, and augmentative and alternative communication). Data were analyzed using constant comparative methods within the hermeneutic-dialectic framework, guided by the social model of disability and the neurodiversity paradigm. Three central categories were constructed: (1) communicational demands of autistic women and their non-recognition, including alexithymia, sensory hypersensitivity, and need for predictability; (2) institutional and interpersonal communication failures, encompassing symptom invalidation, disrespectful care, and exclusion of non-speaking women; and (3) experiences of respectful and effective communication, demonstrating that adapted strategies promote safety and autonomy. Participants’ narratives indicate that communication barriers in perinatal care for autistic women operate systemically rather than individually. Training healthcare professionals and implementing accessible communication strategies are essential to promote respectful, safe, and inclusive maternity care.Venous leg ulcers are a common manifestation of chronic venous disease and are associated with substantial morbidity and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patient-reported outcome measures are essential for capturing the patient perspective of disease burden and treatment outcomes in wound care management. The Sheffield Preference-based Venous Ulcer questionnaire (SPVU-5D) is a concise preference-based instrument designed to assess the quality of life in individuals with venous leg ulcers and to support health-economic evaluation. However, its measurement properties have not been extensively examined in different linguistic contexts. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SPVU-5D in patients with venous leg ulcers. A methodological validation study was conducted involving 132 patients (264 observations from pre- and post-treatment assessments) with a mean age of 63.76 ± 10.02 years. Cross-cultural adaptation followed the established guidelines for translation and cultural equivalence. Content validity was assessed using Aiken's V coefficient. Structural validity and reliability were examined using multilevel confirmatory factor analysis and measurement performance was further evaluated using a multilevel graded response model based on item response theory. Floor and ceiling effects, minimum detectable change and convergent validity with the RESVECH 2.0 clinical scale were also evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure with excellent fit indices and satisfactory internal consistency. Item response theory analyses showed high item discrimination and well-distributed difficulty thresholds for the items. The floor and ceiling effects were minimal, indicating adequate sensitivity across the latent trait continuum. The Spanish version of the SPVU-5D demonstrates satisfactory validity, reliability and measurement precision and represents a useful instrument for assessing the health-related quality of life in patients with venous leg ulcers.
° Se han desarrollado muchos modelos de probabilidad de complicaciones en tejidos normales (PCTN) para predecir los efectos no deseados después de la radioterapia en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello, pero la mayoría de ellos no se han validado lo suficiente de forma externa, es decir, no se han analizado lo suficiente en pacientes que no participaron en el estudio original de desarrollo del modelo, para saber cómo de bien predicen realmente los efectos no deseados.
° Para los modelos analizados en dos o más estudios además de sus estudios originales de desarrollo del modelo, la calidad de las pruebas y el informe de sus resultados fue generalmente deficiente, por lo que es difícil saber su utilidad.
° Se necesitan más estudios mejor diseñados para investigar este tema en el área del cáncer de cabeza y cuello.
La probabilidad de tener efectos adversos como resultado de la radioterapia se puede calcular mediante los denominados modelos de PCTN. Los modelos de PCTN calculan el riesgo de efectos secundarios inducidos por la radiación según la información del paciente, su enfermedad y su tratamiento.
La radioterapia es la base del tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Sin embargo, la radioterapia expone a radiación partes sanas, a veces esenciales, de la región de la cabeza y el cuello. Esto puede provocar daños en estos órganos normales, p. ej. alteración de la producción de saliva, que puede tener consecuencias importantes para la calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello tratados con radioterapia. Los modelos de probabilidad de complicaciones en tejidos normales (PCTN) podrían ser útiles para lograr un equilibrio óptimo entre el control del tumor y prevenir los efectos secundarios inducidos por la radiación. Estos modelos predicen el riesgo de efectos secundarios inducidos por la radiación a partir de la información del paciente, su enfermedad y su tratamiento. Ha habido un número considerable de modelos de PCTN para pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Se quería averiguar cuál es la calidad del diseño, la ejecución y el análisis de los estudios (es decir, el riesgo de sesgo) y la eficacia de estos modelos para predecir el riesgo de efectos secundarios inducidos por la radiación.
Se buscaron estudios que desarrollaran o validaran modelos de PCTN en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello.
En la mayoría de los 592 modelos desarrollados a partir de 140 767 pacientes en 143 artículos identificados, la calidad de los modelos no fue suficiente; y para el 81% de estos modelos no se ha investigado cómo de bien funcionan en otros pacientes. Del 19% restante de los modelos, se encontraron 152 validaciones externas en 34 304 pacientes de 41 artículos. Solo hubo nueve modelos con dos o más validaciones externas. Los modelos pudieron distinguir bien a los pacientes con y sin el desenlace, pero a menudo no estuvo claro si sus predicciones concordaban con lo observado, porque esto último no siempre se evaluó o se proporcionó. En general, la calidad de la mayoría de estos estudios fue baja.
La evidencia está actualizada hasta el 8 de enero de 2024.
Varios medicamentos pueden aliviar los síntomas de la artritis reumatoide después del fracaso de un medicamento antirreumático modificador de la enfermedad (FAME) biológico o sintético dirigido (b/sd) (un tipo de medicamento que detiene o frena el avance de la enfermedad).
No tenemos seguridad sobre cómo se comparan estos medicamentos con el placebo (tratamiento simulado) o entre sí en cuanto a los efectos no deseados.
Necesitamos más estudios que comparen los medicamentos entre sí para tener una idea más clara de cuál es el mejor. Las decisiones de tratamiento deben considerar los factores de salud y preferencias individuales.
La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad en la que el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo, que normalmente combate las infecciones, ataca por error las articulaciones. Esto causa dolor, inflamación y rigidez en las articulaciones, así como discapacidad. La artritis reumatoide es una afección a largo plazo, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas y frenar el daño.
La artritis reumatoide habitualmente se trata con medicamentos antirreumáticos modificadores de la enfermedad (FAME), que funcionan para controlar la inflamación responsable de los síntomas y también para prevenir el daño articular. Hay varios tipos de FAME. Los FAME sintéticos dirigidos (sd) actúan sobre células o proteínas específicas. Los FAME biológicos (b) también se dirigen a células o proteínas específicas, pero están hechos de material que proviene de organismos vivos. Por último, los FAME sintéticos convencionales afectan a todo el sistema inmunitario en lugar de dirigirse a partes específicas del mismo.
Queríamos evaluar la efectividad de los FAME en adultos con artritis reumatoide en quienes el tratamiento con un FAME b/sd no había funcionado. Esta es una revisión sistemática continua (“living systematic review”) , lo que significa que se actualizará regularmente. Dado que este campo de la medicina está en constante evolución, queremos que esta revisión refleje la evidencia más actualizada.
Buscamos estudios que analizaran la efectividad de los FAME en adultos con artritis reumatoide a quienes no les había funcionado el tratamiento con un FAME b/sd.
Evaluamos en qué medida los FAME disponibles reducían los síntomas de la artritis reumatoide, incluidos el dolor, la inflamación articular y los problemas de movilidad articular. Medimos estos resultados mediante la respuesta ACR50 que indica una mejoría del 50% según los criterios establecidos por el American College of Rheumatology. Una respuesta ACR50 significa que la medicación para la artritis reumatoide es efectiva y que los síntomas han mejorado al menos un 50%. También analizamos cualquier efecto no deseado que pudiera causar que una persona interrumpiera el uso de la medicación.
Comparamos y resumimos los resultados de los estudios, y calificamos la confianza en la evidencia en función de factores como su metodología y su tamaño.
Encontramos 19 estudios con 4779 personas con artritis reumatoide que previamente habían recibido un inhibidor del factor de necrosis tumoral (un tipo de FAME biológico [FAME b]), pero no había mejorado sus síntomas. La mayoría de las personas en estos estudios eran mujeres, con una media de edad de 49 a 58 años, y con una duración media de la artritis reumatoide de entre 6 y 14 años. Los estudios se realizaron en distintos lugares del mundo, lo que incluyó Norteamérica, Europa y Asia. Nueve estudios fueron financiados por compañías farmacéuticas, mientras que los otros 10 recibieron subvenciones nacionales de investigación.
Varios medicamentos redujeron los síntomas de la artritis reumatoide en pacientes en los que había fracasado el tratamiento con un FAME b/sd:
un inhibidor del factor de necrosis tumoral distinto (2 estudios; 343 personas);
sarilumab (1 estudio, 365 personas);
tocilizumab 4 mg/kg (1 estudio, 319 personas);
tocilizumab 8 mg/kg (1 estudio, 328 personas);
abatacept intravenoso (por vena) (2 estudios, 665 personas);
rituximab (1 estudio, 499 personas);
upadacitinib (1 estudio, 333 personas);
tofacitinib (1 estudio, 263 personas);
una dosis mayor de baricitinib (1 estudio, 353 personas).
No sabemos con certeza cómo se comparan estos medicamentos con el placebo (tratamiento simulado) o entre sí en cuanto a los efectos no deseados, ya que la evidencia para este desenlace fue, en general, de calidad baja.
Nuestra confianza en la evidencia varió de alta a muy baja. Los casos en que la confianza fue limitada, se debieron a que no hubo suficientes estudios para tener certeza acerca de los resultados. Cuando buscamos estudios para incluir en la revisión, encontramos algunas áreas en las que la evidencia disponible no era suficiente. Específicamente, encontramos que hubo menos estudios que compararon directamente los medicamentos entre sí y más estudios que los compararon con placebo. Hacer más estudios que comparen los medicamentos directamente entre sí ayudarían a comprender cuál es mejor.
La evidencia está actualizada hasta el 28 de noviembre de 2025. Como se trata de una revisión continua, actualizaremos esta investigación cada año para garantizar que nuestros resultados reflejen la nueva evidencia.
Home-based primary care has been suggested to reduce emergency department visits among vulnerable older adults but how it should be organised to achieve this effect is unclear. This study aimed to increase the understanding of how older adults receiving home-based primary care and their family caregivers’ experience care during the period prior to an emergency department visit and to identify components of home-based primary care delivery that could help reduce such visits.
Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with older adults receiving home-based primary care who had recently visited the emergency department, along with their family caregivers. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
Interviews were conducted in the homes of informants receiving home-based primary care in Region Stockholm, Sweden, 2022–2023.
Fourteen adults aged ≥65 years receiving home-based primary care who had visited an emergency department within the past 3 months were interviewed; seven interviews also included a family member.
An overarching theme, Trust as a prerequisite for timely emergency assessments in home-based primary care, describes how patient trust–in home-based primary care in general and in specific individual healthcare professionals–seems important in reducing emergency department visits, especially when patients experience symptoms of uncertain urgency or gradual onset. Four subthemes describe how primary care may build trust: through (1) access to care, (2) medical competence, (3) respect and relationship and (4) coordination and teamwork.
Trust in both home-based primary care in general and in individual healthcare professionals is crucial in reducing emergency department visits among older adults receiving home-based primary care. Trust may be strengthened by accessible and competent care, familiarity with both general practitioners and the responsible nurse and working as a collaborative team.
During pregnancy, physiological and psychological factors influence eating behaviour and food preferences. Food cravings are common in pregnancy and contribute to excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Excessive GWG is present across all body mass index (BMI) categories and is associated with adverse outcomes. Outside of pregnancy, highly palatable food cues activate brain regions involved in reward and attention, which may influence eating behaviour and behavioural responses. However, brain and behavioural responses to food cues across pregnancy, and their association with psychological and metabolic factors, remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate spatiotemporal brain responses to visual food cues across individuals with different BMI categories and their associations with behavioural, psychological and metabolic outcomes during pregnancy.
This is a prospective observational cohort study conducted at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. 94 pregnant individuals (47 healthy normal weight and 47 with overweight/obesity) will be assessed at 12–16 and 31–36 weeks of gestational age from November 2024 to September 2026. Data collected for the primary outcomes include electroencephalography-based brain responses to validated visual food cues varying in fat and carbohydrate content, behavioural responses to the same cues using a gamified smartphone Go/NoGo task. Secondary validated outcomes include heart rate variability (Actiheart), body composition (InBody S10), glycated haemoglobin (Afinion), cardiorespiratory fitness (The Chester step test), snack intake, eating behaviour (Intuitive Eating Scale-2, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised), food cravings (Food Craving Questionnaire-state), mood and depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). Statistical analyses include group comparisons, longitudinal analyses and regression models adjusted for potential sociodemographic/medical confounders.
All participants will provide written informed consent. The Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton de Vaud approved the study protocol (CER-VD 2023-01462). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, (inter)national conferences and shared with healthcare professionals and stakeholders to inform strategies for improving maternal health.
This study examined social determinants and structural barriers to lung cancer outcomes in Kern and Fresno counties, California, and co-developed a multilevel intervention strategy informed by community perspectives.
Engaging stakeholders through group model building (GMB) to elicit their knowledge to build a system dynamics (SD) simulation model for intervention strategy design.
We identified and trained four community members from two community-based organisations in Central Valley, California, to help recruit GMB participants. 14 community members representing patient advocacy organisations, cancer survivors, clinicians, caregivers, public health professionals, medical interpreters, housing, agriculture, sanitation, healthcare payer organisations and local policymaking sectors were recruited.
The GMB protocol consisted of two in-person and four virtual workshops from 22 August to 11 November 2024. The SD simulation model was built with iSee System’s Stella Architect SD modelling software (V.4.0).
The 181 variables suggested by the GMB workshop participants were categorised into 3 themes and 13 subthemes, which shaped the system boundary and model structure. 7 of the 16 intervention scenarios tested showed a cumulative reduction in the at-risk population and increases in screening, diagnoses, treatment and cancer-free survival. Participants selected a multilevel strategy focused on expanding public health and insurance education and advocating for air pollution-related screening within existing protocols.
Community engagement is essential for understanding lung cancer disparities and designing practical multilevel interventions. Scenario testing enables informed planning to improve long-term population health outcomes.
The aim of this study was to explore end-of-life simulation in undergraduate nursing curricula in Australian and New Zealand institutions.
A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed. The study is reported using the CROSS checklist.
A survey was distributed to 45 institutions with an accredited Bachelor of Nursing programme in Australia or New Zealand. The instrument comprised eight domains: simulation orientation, simulator type, simulation environment, instructional design, simulation event, pre-brief, debrief, and facilitation preparation and requirements.
Thirty institutions responded to the survey, with 25 suitable for data analysis. Eleven institutions included end-of-life simulation in their curriculum. The dominant modality used in the end-of-life simulation was high-technology manikins. All institutions used a validated approach to conducting the pre-brief and debrief. Variations were reported in the skill and clinical expertise required of end-of-life simulation facilitators and the approaches and modalities used in end-of-life simulations across institutions.
A small number of institutions reported including end-of-life simulations in their undergraduate nursing curriculum. This study found the end-of-life simulations integrated into undergraduate nursing curricula in Australia and New Zealand align with many elements of the Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice. There were variations in the simulation modality and facilitation style used to deliver end-of-life simulations across institutions. While a pre-brief session was included, the elements covered and information conveyed to participants varied across institutions. Additionally, the content expertise required of simulation facilitators lacked clarity.
The influence the pre-brief has on the student learning experience requires further research. Moreover, the learning experiences of the participants in various simulation modalities, including the influence of SPs and debriefing approaches, warrant investigation. The role and impact of professional development and facilitator requirements, such as skills and clinical expertise, on the student learning experiences and outcomes in EOL simulation offer opportunities for further research.
There were no patient or public contributions in this study.
To examine the role of self-efficacy in the relationship between medication adherence and self-care behaviours in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by describing their levels and exploring the interconnections among these variables.
Multicenter, cross-sectional.
A total of 452 patients were recruited through consecutive non-probabilistic sampling across nine Italian outpatient Inflammatory Bowel Disease Units. Data were collected using validated tools: the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8, the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and mediation analyses were performed to explore associations and the mediating role of self-efficacy between medication adherence and self-care behaviours.
Participants had a mean age of 43.49 years; 50.9% were male, 49.2% had Crohn's disease, and 50.8% had ulcerative colitis. Only 10.2% reported high medication adherence, while most showed medium or low adherence. The mean self-efficacy score was 74.82. Medication adherence was positively associated with self-care maintenance, and self-efficacy statistically accounted for part of this association. Lower levels were observed in self-care monitoring and management behaviours.
Medication adherence was positively associated with self-care maintenance, and self-efficacy partially explained this relationship.
Routine assessment of medication adherence and self-efficacy may help identify patients at risk of poor self-care. Interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy, such as motivational interviewing, nurse-led counselling, and digital monitoring tools, may improve adherence and self-care maintenance.
The study addressed low medication adherence and suboptimal self-care in patients with IBD. Findings support integrating self-efficacy-enhancing strategies into multidisciplinary care to improve adherence and self-care behaviours.
Patients completed validated self-report questionnaires; however, they were not involved in the study design, conduct, analysis, or manuscript preparation.
To evaluate whether simulation-based I-PASS handoff training improves ICU nurses' knowledge, perceptions of handoff communication and safety attitudes.
Effective handoff communication is crucial for ensuring patient safety and reducing errors. However, simulation-based training (SBT) with structured protocols, such as I-PASS, is rarely used in Egyptian nursing education, highlighting a gap.
A quasi-experimental design was employed.
A convenience sample of 57 ICU nurses was studied from June to December 2023. Data were collected using the I-PASS Handoff Knowledge Questionnaire, Perception of Handoff Communication Tool and Patient Safety Questionnaire. Nurses completed baseline assessments, participated in two simulation-based I-PASS scenarios and repeated assessments post-intervention. Statistical analyses examined the training's impact and its relationships with participants' socio-demographic characteristics.
Significant improvements were observed in I-PASS knowledge, perceptions of handoff communication and safety attitudes (all p < 0.001). Nursing qualifications and place of residence have shown a significant correlation with perceptions of handoff communication and safety attitudes (p < 0.05).
Simulation-based I-PASS handoff training significantly enhances ICU nurses' knowledge, perceptions of handoff communication and safety attitudes. Targeted, context-sensitive educational interventions are necessary to strengthen handoff practices and improve patient safety within the Egyptian healthcare system.
Structured simulation-based training, such as I-PASS, can be effectively integrated into nursing education to standardise handoff communication and improve patient safety outcomes in intensive care settings.
No patient or public contribution.
To evaluate the accuracy of the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) assignments by GPT-4, a large language model (LLM), compared to senior emergency department (ED) nurses and physicians.
An observational study of 100 consecutive adult ED patients was conducted. ESI scores assigned by GPT-4, triage nurses, and by a senior clinician. Both model and human experts were provided the same patient data.
GPT-4 assigned a lower median ESI score (2.0) compared to human evaluators (median 3.0; p < 0.001), suggesting a potential overestimation of patient severity by the LLM. The results showed differences in the triage assessment approaches between GPT-4 and the human evaluators, including variations in how patient age and vital signs were considered in the ESI assignments.
While GPT-4 offers a novel methodology for patient triage, its propensity to overestimate patient severity highlights the necessity for further development and calibration of LLM tools in clinical environments. The findings underscore the potential and limitations of LLM in clinical decision-making, advocating for cautious integration of LLMs in healthcare settings.
This study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines for reporting observational studies.
To understand how Registered Nurses perceive the impact of nursing leadership on managing moral distress and mitigating burnout.
Moral distress and burnout are pervasive issues in nursing, compromising well-being, patient safety and workforce sustainability. Leadership is a critical factor in shaping workplace culture and mitigating these challenges, yet evidence remains limited.
Qualitative systematic review.
A qualitative systematic review was conducted following JBI methodology and PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searches across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus identified 5927 articles, with two studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and synthesised via meta-aggregation. Confidence in findings was assessed using the ConQual approach.
Four major themes emerged: (1) Behind the barriers, (2) Breaking point, (3) Weathering the storm and (4) Leadership for lasting change. Leadership influenced nurses' psychological safety, ethical decision-making and resilience. Inadequate support amplified moral distress, and effective strategies included authentic communication, team solidarity and systemic interventions.
Leadership plays a pivotal role in mitigating moral distress and burnout. Evidence highlights the need for structural changes and support to sustain registered nurses' well-being and retention.
Findings offer direction for leadership strategies that promote ethical workplaces, shared decision-making and mental health supports to enhance resilience and patient care.
Strengthening leadership capability is vital for workforce sustainability, care quality and nurse retention.
Authors have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines.
This study did not involve patients or the public in its design, conduct or reporting.
To explore the impact of simulation-based training on communication and empathy skills among nurses working with elderly patients in the Abha region of Saudi Arabia. The study also aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to applying these skills in real-world clinical practice.
A qualitative study.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and July 2024 with 17 nurses from urban and rural healthcare settings in the Abha region. Data were analysed using both deductive framework analysis, guided by social support theory, and inductive thematic analysis to identify key themes related to communication, empathy, and the application of simulation-based skills in practice. We adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist.
The study involved 17 participants aged 22–50 years, with diverse educational backgrounds and work experience. The findings indicated that simulation-based training significantly improved nurses' confidence in delivering difficult news and their ability to empathise with elderly patients. Nurses working in urban settings with regular access to simulation training reported better outcomes compared to those in rural settings with less frequent training opportunities.
Simulation-based training has a positive impact on enhancing communication and empathy skills among nurses, but challenges in real-world application remain. Efforts should be made to improve the accessibility of simulation training and address the barriers preventing its effective implementation in clinical practice.
Healthcare practitioners and policymakers should prioritise simulation-based training in nursing education and professional development to improve the quality of care for elderly patients.
The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).
The engagement and interview data from nursing participants provided valuable insights into the impact of simulation-based training on communication and empathy in elderly care.
Advanced simulation is a methodology that allows the development of technical skills and transversal skills such as teamwork and leadership. There are tools to measure the development of technical competencies and student satisfaction with the methodology, but not to measure the development and use of transversal competencies in the clinical practice setting.
To develop and validate a scale to measure the impact of clinical simulation on the development and application of teamwork and leadership competencies.
A multicentre study was carried out in two Spanish universities in which the Clinical Simulation Learning Teamwork and Leadership Scale was developed and validated.
The study was carried out in several phases: development of the questionnaire using a Delphi method, pilot test and validation of the construct with a sample of 207 nursing students. Reporting of this research adheres to STROBE guidelines.
Content validity was checked according to Aiken's V for the three attributes of the questionnaire. Reliability or internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's α and the sensitivity analysis showed no significant variation when any item was eliminated. On the other hand, McDonald's Omega statistic was used. Intraobserver reliability was taken from a sample of 47 students, in which it was observed that the intraclass correlation was positive.
The Clinical Simulation Learning teamwork and leadership scale is a valid instrument for measuring the development of transversal competencies.
This scale will provide information to evaluate the weight of the clinical simulation in the students' knowledge.
It is a tool for evaluating transversal skills that is proven valid and will improve the training of students.
The instructions of the STROBE checklist have been followed.
The students have participated in the knowledge transfer self-assessment.
To explore the perceptions of nursing professionals in high-demand healthcare services regarding the adoption of AI-based support systems for the prevention of medication errors.
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted between November 2024 and March 2025.
Sixteen semi-structured interviews were held with nurses from emergency and intensive care units, guided by conceptual dimensions of the Technology Acceptance Model framework. Participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. ATLAS.ti v.9 software was used for an inductive thematic analysis.
Two major themes emerged: (i) professional reflections on medication safety and related risks; and (ii) integrating artificial intelligence into nursing practice to reduce such risks and prevent medication errors. While artificial intelligence was recognised as a promising resource to support clinical decision-making and reduce cognitive load, nurses identified barriers, including limited training, inadequate technological infrastructure, unreliable data sources, and ethical concerns that could compromise its safe implementation and thereby hinder its potential to prevent medication errors.
AI-based support systems are perceived as useful, but complex resources for addressing medication errors, which remain a critical challenge in healthcare. Its successful implementation depends not only on the availability of resources, but also on the organisational context and the ability to respond to the needs and concerns of healthcare professionals.
Integrating artificial intelligence into routine workflows to support clinical decision-making and reduce medication errors in high-demand settings requires more than infrastructure and technical training. Effective adoption demands participatory design, clear role delineation, and context-sensitive training aligned with medication-management processes. Lack of alignment may result in artificial intelligence increasing complexity instead of contributing to safer and more efficient medication administration.
Methods and findings are reported following SRQR recommendations.
No patient or public contribution.
To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility among nurses of Decubitus Risk Prediction Alerts based on Artificial Intelligence (DRAAI), and to assess the feasibility of the implementation plan.
A process evaluation of a pilot implementation study using mixed methods.
Acceptability and feasibility of DRAAI among nurses from three general wards in a university hospital was assessed via questionnaire. The tailored implementation plan included thirteen strategies distributed over six domains, such as facilitation, continuous evaluation, and educational sessions. Adaptations, acceptability, and feasibility were recorded in field notes.
Fifty-five nurses completed the questionnaire and valued DRAAI's predictions, believing these could contribute to pressure ulcer (PU) prevention. Some initially faced challenges distinguishing between PU risk and PU detection. Most found it feasible to integrate DRAAI into their workflow. Adaptations included adding PU preventive measures to educational sessions and sharing frequently asked questions and answers. Overall, implementation efforts were feasible. DRAAI generated PU risk predictions for 428 unique admitted patients; 128 (30%) patients received at least one at-risk prediction. Regarding fidelity, nearly 80% (101/128) of at-risk predictions were followed by a nursing care plan.
Ongoing involvement and clear communication were crucial for successfully integrating AI into nursing workflows. Although some nurses were concerned that DRAAI might miss at-risk patients, they continued to independently identify at-risk patients.
Implementation of DRAAI served as a prompt for nurses to focus more on PU prevention. While DRAAI shows promise in improving PU prevention, future research is needed to evaluate its clinical impact.
Addressed the challenge of identifying patients at risk for developing pressure ulcers. Demonstrated feasibility and acceptability of implementing AI in clinical practice. Highlighted the need for ongoing support and communication for successful implementation.
None.
Standard for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI).
FreshRSS 