Consideration of patients' life experiences, which aids in examining their feelings and patient’ experiences.

Future research should further investigate the phenomenological approach in diverse healthcare contexts.

Nurse educators and policymakers can draw valuable insights from these findings to shape evidence-based strategies for enhancing cultural competence in nursing education, ultimately contributing to the provision of culturally sensitive and effective healthcare services.

The unexpected decline in cultural sensitivity and effectiveness levels as students approach graduation raises intriguing questions about the factors influencing these dynamics. Longitudinal studies are recommended to provide a comprehensive understanding of how cultural competence evolves over the course of nursing education.

This literature review provides synthesised evidence to evaluate and improve the clinical practice of pro re nata (PRN) medication in mental healthcare organisations.

Further research focused on exploring grey literature would offer additional perspectives and broaden the current clinical practices of PRN utilisation.

Improving cardiovascular health may contribute to a higher and healthier life expectancy.

Healthcare professionals may prioritise cardiovascular health promotion and support patients in adopting healthy behaviours.

In patients calling the emergency medical system for acute chest pain without ST-segment elevation, prehospital risk stratification using validated risk scores and point-of-care (POC) cardiac troponin measurement by emergency nurses or paramedics can result in substantial cost savings.

The safety of this strategy needs confirmation by sufficiently powered prospective randomised clinical trials.

In a review of inclusion of non-English speaking (NES) participants, 9% of research articles included NES participants, which may impact study generalisability.

Research teams, research networks/databases, regulatory authorities and journals that disseminate study findings share responsibility for adequate inclusion of NES participants in research.

Ensuring routine postrestraint-focused clinical supervision, experiential training for forensic mental health nurses involved in rebuilding therapeutic relationships postphysical restraint, effective debriefing and positive role modelling from senior staff is needed.

Studies on models to combine goals of the therapeutic relationship and maintain safety are needed, besides establishing the effectiveness of different methods to facilitate a therapeutic relationship.

Multidimensional measurement of cancer-related fatigue in clinical practice may contribute to coping strategies based on the assumption that it affects physical, emotional and cognitive domains.

More effective and family-informed interventions are needed in future research to improve cancer-related fatigue management.

‘Moral distress’ is described by Jameton as ‘...aris[ing] when one knows the right thing to do, but institutional constraints make it nearly impossible to pursue the right course of action’ (p. 6).2

Moral distress may cause nurses to question their career choice, and to feel disempowered and unhappy in their work. This may have a negative impact on the physical and mental well-being of nursing staff, leading to burnout and high staff turnover.

Nurses in the first 5 years of their career (early career nurses) may be particularly at risk of experiencing moral distress as they make the stressful and challenging transition from student to qualified practice.

The purpose of the review is to synthesise the literature regarding moral distress in the first 5 years of qualified practice.

Prioritising policies targeting social determinants of health is crucial for improving early-life health outcomes. Public involvement in policy prioritisation is vital for equitable and effective policies.

Investing in comprehensive evaluations using harmonised and accessible administrative data is necessary to understand long-term effects of policy effectiveness.

Timely identifying self­care behaviour patterns over time may reduce the risk of hospital readmissions in patients with heart failure (HF).

Further research studies are required to examine the effects of every 3–6 months self-care intervention on hospital readmissions among patients with HF.

Death education courses (DECs) prepare healthcare students to manage future relationships with end-of-life (EOL) patients and their relatives. It would be better for DECs to use active methodologies, for example, creative arts therapies and constructivist and narrative techniques.

Research should longitudinally monitor students who have completed a DEC to check their levels of willingness to work in palliative care and their levels of work satisfaction versus burn-out in both the EOL and other hospital wards after they become healthcare professionals.

The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support systems (DSS) in mental healthcare is at a very early stage.

For DSS to be relevant and cost-effective, clinicians must participate at all stages of development, from project specification to evaluation.

People with dementia show a higher incidence of falls four years before diagnosis.

There is a growing evidence of life-style risk factors for developing dementia in later life.

Further research is needed of the behavioural risks to developing dementia and interventions to mitigate those risks.

Measures to promote smoking cessation should go beyond brief counselling to include intensive counselling with pharmacotherapeutic support, such as varenicline, which are cost-effective.

Future research is needed to study to what extent the results obtained here are reproducible in other healthcare settings.

The current research demonstrates the need to increase staffing and programme capacity for those working with patients with eating disorders (EDs) to ensure adequate care.

Future research into how the relationship between ED-related hospitalisations and individual external factors, such as social isolation are needed.

Formal protocols for engaging with sibling carers of people with intellectual disability about their support needs are required.

Future research should explore the experiences of sibling carers and their support needs.

Women, transgender and non-binary people who experience incarceration often have complex healthcare needs and require dynamic, trauma-informed care in the community.

Research is needed to understand how to address the diverse health needs of women, transgender and non-binary people leaving prison.

Encouraging daily steps and increasing the daily time with high cadence steps may be important means to prevent morbidity and prolong lifespan.

Assessment of daily steps over a longer period may further elucidate the shape of the dose–response relationship and better quantify the benefits of increasing daily step counts.