Better cardiovascular health for a longer life without major diseases

Commentary on: Wang X, Ma H, Li X, et al. Association of Cardiovascular Health With Life Expectancy Free of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Cancer, and Dementia in UK Adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2023 Apr 1;183(4):340-9. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0015. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2023 Apr 1;183(4):394. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2023 May 15.

Implications for practice and research

Improving cardiovascular health may contribute to a higher and healthier life expectancy.

Healthcare professionals may prioritise cardiovascular health promotion and support patients in adopting healthy behaviours.

Context

The problem addressed in this study is the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to a healthier life expectancy.1 Life expectancy has been boosted in recent decades in developed countries, but not all of the increased life expectancy elapses in good health.2 This study aims to investigate the associations between levels of cardiovascular health through Life’s Essential...

Mental health and risk of death and hospitalization in COVID–19 patients. Results from a large-scale population-based study in Spain

by Aida Moreno-Juste, Beatriz Poblador-Plou, Cristina Ortega-Larrodé, Clara Laguna-Berna, Francisca González-Rubio, Mercedes Aza-Pascual-Salcedo, Kevin Bliek-Bueno, María Padilla, Concepción de-la-Cámara, Alexandra Prados-Torres, Luis A. Gimeno-Feliú, Antonio Gimeno-Miguel

The COVID–19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for health care systems globally. This study aimed to explore the presence of mental illness in a Spanish cohort of COVID-19-infected population and to evaluate the association between the presence of specific mental health conditions and the risk of death and hospitalization. This is a retrospective cohort study including all individuals with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2 from the PRECOVID (Prediction in COVID–19) Study (Aragon, Spain). Mental health illness was defined as the presence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, anxiety, cognitive disorders, depression and mood disorders, substance abuse, and personality and eating disorders. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the likelihood of 30-day all-cause mortality and COVID–19 related hospitalization based on baseline demographic and clinical variables, including the presence of specific mental conditions, by gender. We included 144,957 individuals with confirmed COVID–19 from the PRECOVID Study (Aragon, Spain). The most frequent diagnosis in this cohort was anxiety. However, some differences were observed by sex: substance abuse, personality disorders and schizophrenia were more frequently diagnosed in men, while eating disorders, depression and mood, anxiety and cognitive disorders were more common among women. The presence of mental illness, specifically schizophrenia spectrum and cognitive disorders in men, and depression and mood disorders, substance abuse, anxiety and cognitive and personality disorders in women, increased the risk of mortality or hospitalization after COVID–19, in addition to other well-known risk factors such as age, morbidity and treatment burden. Identifying vulnerable patient profiles at risk of serious outcomes after COVID–19 based on their mental health status will be crucial to improve their access to the healthcare system and the establishment of public health prevention measures for future outbreaks.

Study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, phase II trial on endoscopic treatment using two fully covered self-expandable metallic stents for benign strictures after hepaticojejunostomy

Introduction

The current endoscopic treatment for postoperative benign hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic stricture (HJAS) has a high technical success rate and is highly effective in the short term. However, long-term results have shown a high rate of stenosis recurrence, which indicates an insufficient response to treatment. Three prospective studies on fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (FC-SEMS) treatment for benign HJAS used the stenosis resolution rate as the primary endpoint, and no study has yet used the long-term non-stenosis rate (at 12 months) as the primary endpoint.

Methods and analysis

We launched the ‘saddle-cross study’, which will be conducted as a multicentre, prospective intervention of endoscopic treatment using two modified FC-SEMSs (BONASTENT M-Intraductal) that have been improved for benign stenosis in patients with benign HJAS, with the long-term non-restenosis rate (at 12 months) as the primary endpoint. This study aims to evaluate the long-term non-restenosis rate (at 12 months) and safety of the saddle-cross technique for benign HJAS. We plan to enrol 50 participants.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Certified Review Board of the National Cancer Center, Japan (CRB3180009). The results will be reported at various conferences and published in international peer-reviewed journals.

Factores de riesgo y estilos de vida en adolescentes asociados al cáncer en la adultez: una revisión de alcance

Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica relacionada con los factores de riesgo y los estilos de vida en adolescentes asociados a la ocurrencia de cáncer pulmonar, cervicouterino, gastrointestinal, de piel y de mama en la adultez. Metodología: Revisión de alcance basada en la metodología del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), se exploraron cuatro bases de datos, a los artículos seleccionados se les realizó análisis, extracción y síntesis de datos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 artículos, los factores de riesgo identificados fueron antecedentes familiares, sexo, tabaco, alcohol, sobrepeso, bajo peso, exposición al sol, infección por virus del papiloma humano (VPH), desconocimiento sobre medidas de autocuidado, bajo consumo de frutas y verduras, consumo de carnes rojas y de grasas, bajo nivel socioeconómico, bajo nivel de escolaridad y sedentarismo; y, como estilos de vida: actividad física, uso del condón, seguimiento y detección de su situación de salud, vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), alimentación saludable y protección solar. Conclusión: Los factores de riesgos encontrados en la revisión de alcance son numerosos, según cada tipo de cáncer, existen factores modificables que desde la adolescencia se pueden poner en práctica como estilos de vida en sentido individual, familiar y escolar.