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To assess the association between ambient ozone (O3) exposure and semen quality among men with unhealthy behaviours and low income.
A case-control study was conducted from February 2024 to January 2025, in which male participants aged 18–45 years were recruited from Foshan, and following propensity score matching, a total of 820 participants were included in the final analysis.
The evaluated the association between O3 exposure during the 70–90 days, 10–14 days, 0–9 days and 0–90 days prior to semen collection and semen quality using stepwise conditional logistic regression analyses, and restricted cubic splines were incorporated into the models.
O3 exposure during the 70–90 days and 0–90 days preceding semen sample collection was significantly associated with an increased risk of low semen quality, with ORs of 1.020 (95% CI 1.003 to 1.039) and 1.056 (95% CI 1.008 to 1.108), respectively. Additionally, O3 exposure during the 0–90-days period showed a significant positive association with abnormal sperm concentration. A non-linear relationship between O3 exposure and sperm concentration was also observed. Notably, O3 exposure during the 0–9 days before semen collection was inversely associated with the risk of low semen quality. Subgroup analyses across age, lifestyle factors and socioeconomic strata revealed no significant effect modifications.
This study found that O3 exposure during the 70–90 days and 0–90 days before sampling was associated with reduced semen quality in men with unhealthy behaviours and low income.
by Martina Ferrari-Díaz, Ashuin Kammar-García, Juan Silva-Pereyra, Carmen García-Peña
Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the adaptation of cognitive performance to endure brain pathology or the aging process. CR can be categorized into static (education and occupation) or dynamic (leisure and physical activities) proxies. Typically, longitudinal studies assess CR as a composite score at baseline and cognitive performance as a global score. This study aimed to compare the relationship between different CR proxies (static and dynamic) with 9-year domain-specific cognitive trajectories, and the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. Data from the latest four waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS; n = 3102, baseline mean age = 66.62 years) were used. Mixed effects models were performed with CR as independent variables and cognitive trajectories (verbal memory encoding and retrieval, verbal fluency, constructional praxis, visual attention, and memory) as outcomes. Education and leisure activities were significant positive predictors of all cognitive domains. Physical activities were a positive predictor of verbal fluency and verbal memory encoding only. Occupation was a positive predictor of verbal fluency and visual attention. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between CR and the risk of cognitive impairment, where education (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.83), occupational complexity (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.95), and leisure activities (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95, 0.97) were significant protective factors. Increasing the years of education can serve as a preventive strategy to delay the clinical manifestation of cognitive impairment while implementing leisure activities can act as an intervention to promote cognition even in later years.The incidence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) has been gradually rising in recent years, with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between the red blood cell distribution width–platelet ratio (RPR) and the in-hospital mortality risk among patients with ALC.
A total of 1424 patients with ALC were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV for carrying out this retrospective study. Based on the value of RPR, the included patients were divided into quartiles. The association between RPR and in-hospital mortality risk in patients with ALC, both with and without severe liver disease, was initially examined using Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. Subsequently, restricted cubic splines (RCS) and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between RPR and in-hospital mortality. Subgroup analyses also explored the effect modifications by clinical covariates.
Among the 1424 patients with ALC included, 778 were present with and 646 without severe liver disease. KM curves, RCS and multifactorial COX regression analyses suggested that patients in the first quartile (Q1) of RPR had the lowest in-hospital mortality risk, while those in the third quartile (Q3) had the highest. Among patients with total ALC, after the adjustment for all covariates, the HR for Q3 was 1.64 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.08, p0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that factors such as age, blood pressure and medical history may affect the association between RPR and in-hospital mortality.
This study demonstrated a significant association between elevated RPR levels and increased in-hospital mortality risk in patients with ALC, including those with severe liver disease.
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