Conectar
Depressed mood is a psychological state characterised by sadness or loss of interest in activities, is a common symptom that accompanies most major mental disorders. It is therefore reasonable to consider it as a transdiagnostic target, which when addressed, may improve the functioning and quality of life of persons with lived experience of mental disorders. However, there is limited understanding of the depressed mood as a transdiagnostic target across major mental disorders. Therefore, this scoping review aims to synthesise knowledge on depressed mood, its measurement and interventions among persons with anxiety and/or psychosis.
This scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley’s framework. Peer-reviewed articles and grey literature published from January 1988 to April 2024 were searched in the following databases: Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa-Wide Information, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Humanities International Complete, Sabinet, Open Grey and Google Scholar. Articles were screened at title, abstract and full article levels. Data extracted were analysed using thematic analysis and reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. We also consulted stakeholders such as lived experience experts, clinicians and researchers to contextualise our findings.
We screened 245 full articles out of the 4039 hits and included 28 articles in this review. Although depressed mood is conceptually different from clinical depression, the terms are used interchangeably in the literature. The prevalence of depressed mood in psychosis was 7.3–33.3%, with no prevalence studies specific to anxiety disorders. Commonly used outcome measures included Beck’s Depression Inventory (n=6) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (n=5). Psychosocial conservative interventions such as cognitive–behavioural therapy were the most common interventions. Other interventions, including yoga, pharmacotherapy and Ecology Momentary Interventions, were also reported. All interventions were reported to improve depressed mood, and most were implemented in high-income settings. Stakeholders, including lived experience experts, concurred on the importance of using depressed mood as a transdiagnostic target, viewing it as a ‘window’ for early identification and management of many common mental disorders.
There is a need to clarify the definition and diagnostic cut-off points on common outcome measures of depressed mood. There is also a need for increased research on depressed mood as a viable transdiagnostic target in anxiety and/or psychosis with a special focus on low-to-middle income countries.
Depressed mood is an important and prevalent transdiagnostic target with great promise for early management in anxiety and/or psychosis. Valid diagnostic and measurement tools are developing, and so are the targeted interventions in the context of anxiety and/or psychosis.
To investigate whether internal and external violence are associated with turnover intentions among nurses during demanding periods of work.
Workplace violence can negatively impact upon mental and physical health and turnover intentions. Research focusing on how dimensions of workplace violence, internal versus external, influence turnover intentions and the factors that mitigate these effect is lacking.
An online cross-sectional survey of multi-item measures was used to collect data from 462 Iranian nurses. We employed path modelling and analysed the data using SPSS and PROCESS macro. A STROBE checklist was used to report findings.
Both dimensions, internal and external, of violence were positively associated with turnover intentions. Moreover, perceived invulnerability and organisational support moderates this association. When individuals perceived invulnerability and perceived organisational support are high, internal violence is no longer indirectly related to turnover intentions via job satisfaction. In a similar vein, when perceived invulnerability and perceived organisational support are low, external violence is not related to intentions to quit. When perceived invulnerability and perceived organisational support are high, however, external violence is indirectly and negatively related to intentions to quit.
Nurses who regard themselves as invulnerable might be motivated to quit when they experience workplace violence. However, they are motivated to stay on the job when they both perceive themselves as invulnerable and the organisation as supporting.
Organisations should reconsider their policies and approach towards workplace violence especially during periods of intensive work.
Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB), despite being a highly costly medication, is considered a cost-effective approach compared with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) and sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. No study has evaluated the effect of GLE/PIB’s introduction into Iran’s drug list from a health policy perspective and estimated the budgetary impact change. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the fiscal effect of the introduction of GLE/PIB into Iran’s drug list.
Budget impact analysis. The assumptions and costs of including GLE/PIB in Iran’s drug list for the treatment of patients with hepatitis C were derived from a conducted cost-effectiveness analysis.
National level. In this study, the budgetary changes in Iran’s pharmaceutical market and health system, from the Ministry of Health’s perspective, have been estimated for a 5-year time horizon following the introduction of GLE/PIB in the country.
Based on the results obtained from the budget impact model, currently, 4112 patients are receiving SOF/DCV and SOF/VEL therapeutic regimens, which is expected to decrease to 1093 in 2029 owing to the affordability of medications and a 50% estimated market share for GLE/PIB. According to the results, with the introduction of GLE/PIB into the market and assuming a market share of 10% in the first year, growing to 50% by the fifth year, the healthcare system costs will increase by approximately $0.61, $1.77, $3.86, $7.45 and $13.51 million over the next 5 years, respectively. Additionally, based on the drug’s selling price, there will be a 468% increase in hepatitis C drug market costs after 5 years, resulting in an overall budget increase of approximately 0.13% for Iran’s pharmaceutical market. According to the sensitivity analysis, a 20% reduction in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) costs could decrease the projected increase in health sector costs from $13.51 million (an 18.84% increase) to $10.52 million (an 18.16% increase). Conversely, a 20% rise in CHC costs would raise those costs to $16.49 million (a 19.31% increase).
Considering the high price of the GLE/PIB compared with the available options in Iran, with the introduction of GLE/PIB into Iran’s drug list, insurance coverage and appropriate allocation of necessary resources, a reduction in the cost burden because of hepatitis C treatment is expected for individuals and households. Additionally, with a well-regulated market share of existing medications, the optimal treatment choice for patients will be feasible.
FreshRSS 