China has a high disease burden of low bone mass, and elderly men with excessive alcohol consumption may be underdiagnosed and undertreated given the adverse effects on skeletal health. This study implemented an economic evaluation to assess the screening plus receiving anti-osteoporotic medication for low bone mass prevention in older men with excessive alcohol intake.

A patient-level Markov model.

Chinese men aged over 60 years with excessive alcohol consumption.

Receiving screening plus medication considered with two eligibility strategies for therapy: osteoporosis and osteopenia.

The quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), lifetime cost and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated for different strategies relative to no screening. Scenario analyses were conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness associated with risk factors, study perspectives and selection of medication.

From the healthcare perspective, the prevention strategies for men aged over 70 years were cost-effective with the ICER of $28 403/QALY for osteoporosis and $24 560/QALY for osteopenia. Scenario analyses revealed screening strategies were cost-effective in men with risk factors aged over 60 years. In the selection of medication, denosumab might be dominant. From the societal perspective, prevention for osteopenia aged from 60 years was cost-effective at the ICER of $36 524/QALY.

These findings suggest that prevention strategies for Chinese older men with excessive alcohol consumption would be cost-effective. Early screening initiation will aid efforts in improving skeletal health for men with excessive alcohol intake in China and reducing humanistic and economic burdens.

Presenteeism, defined as reduced work efficiency due to health issues despite attending work, accounts for a substantial proportion of labour productivity loss. Although pain significantly impacts presenteeism, the relationship between pain and presenteeism remains poorly understood due to the multifaceted nature of pain, encompassing psychosocial factors and daily functioning. This study aimed to identify which of these factors are significantly associated with presenteeism among employees.

Cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires and generalised additive model analysis.

Multiple workplaces (including a university and hospitals) in Japan.

Employed individuals (n=212, age range: 20–65 years; 59 males and 153 females) participated. They were recruited through workplace bulletin boards, email announcements and direct invitations. Participants with and without chronic pain were included.

Participants completed self-report measures, including the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS), Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0).

The results indicated that absolute HPQ was significantly associated with BDI-II scores (F=4.51, p=0.035). On the other hand, relative HPQ was influenced by SF-MPQ (F=3.76, p=0.005), PCS (F=4.16, p=0.014), STAI (F=5.62, p=0.019) and limited daily activities (F=13.25, p=0.00035).

These findings suggest that presenteeism is multifactorial, with pain, psychosocial factors and daily functioning playing critical roles. Moreover, the impact of depression on presenteeism differs from that of pain and anxiety. Therefore, tailored intervention approaches may be required for each factor, ultimately improving workplace productivity.

This study was preregistered at UMIN-CTR (UMIN000054797).