To examine state-level variation in mental health screening practices for high school athletes in the USA and evaluate associations between screening protocols and adolescent depression-related and suicide-related outcomes.

Cross-sectional study of preparticipation examination (PPE) forms and Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance System (YRBSS) data.

High school athletics across all 50 US states and the District of Columbia.

732 676 high school students who completed the 2021 YRBSS survey (grades 9–12).

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicide-related behaviours, measured using YRBSS items on sadness/hopelessness, suicide ideation, planning, attempts and suicide attempts resulting in injury. State-level PPE forms were reviewed for presence and depth of mental health screening, including Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and eating disorder (ED) risk questions.

Screening practices varied widely, ranging from no mention of mental health in some states to required evaluations with formal referral protocols in others. Of 732 676 students, 503 861 (68.7%) reported feeling sad or hopeless, 608 416 (83.0%) seriously considered suicide and 64 072 (8.8%) attempted suicide in the past year. States with required screening protocols had higher reported rates of depressive symptoms (71.0% vs 68.7%, p

High school athletes represent a vulnerable group in need of structured and standardised mental health screening. State-level screening policies were associated with lower suicide attempt rates, though causal inference is limited by the cross-sectional design. Standardised use of validated mental health tools may support early identification and intervention for at-risk adolescents.

Dysregulated immunity may account for an increased risk of infection and other adverse outcomes among frail hospitalised persons. The primary objective of this study is to examine whether baseline frailty is associated with the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) or other intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections among invasively ventilated adults. Additional objectives are to examine the relationship between frailty and hospital length of stay, discharge to a long-term care facility and vital status. We hypothesise that persons with frailty compared with others would have an increased risk of VAP and other infections, a longer hospital stay, higher probability of discharge to a long-term care facility and higher mortality.

This is a preplanned secondary analysis of the PROSPECT trial (Probiotics to Prevent Severe Pneumonia and Endotracheal Colonization Trial) which enrolled patients across 44 ICUs in three countries. We will use Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to assess the association of frailty with the clinical outcomes of interest, adjusting for other baseline variables. Baseline demographic and descriptive outcome data will be reported using descriptive statistics. Regression results will be presented as adjusted HRs or ORs with 95% CIs for the associations of each independent variable with the primary, secondary and tertiary outcomes.

Participating hospital research ethics board approved the PROSPECT trial and data collection. The protocol for this study was approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board on 20 August 2015 (Project ID:19128). This study will identify whether frailty is associated with risk of VAP and other healthcare-associated infections in invasively ventilated patients, adjusted for other baseline factors. Results may be useful to patients, their caregivers, clinicians and the design of future research. Findings will be disseminated to investigators at a meeting of the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. We will present study results at an international conference in the fields of critical care and infectious diseases, to coincide with or precede open-access peer-review publication. To aid knowledge dissemination, we will use a variety of formats. For example, for traditional and social media, we will create two different visual abstracts and infographics of our results suitable to share on clinician-facing and public-facing platforms.

NCT02462590.

Video games have been linked to a range of positive and negative effects on the mental health of adolescents and young adults. However, to better understand how games affect the mental health of young people, their use and experiences must be situated in the sociocultural and personal life contexts of individuals. Drawing from a cultural-ecosocial approach, this study combines cross-sectional and digital phenotyping measures to examine the effects of video games on the mental health of youth.

Participants will be young people aged 16–25 years from the community and living in the province of Quebec, Canada. An initial sample of 1000 youth will complete a cross-sectional survey online, including measures of socio-demographic context, gaming practices and experiences, streaming practices and experiences, as well as personality and well-being. Qualitative questions will explore personal views on games and mental health. A subsample of 100 participants will be selected for digital phenotyping, including daily surveys of well-being, gaming, streaming and social experiences, combined with passive mobile sensing (eg, geolocation). Analyses will include regression and mixed models for quantitative data, reflexive thematic analysis for qualitative data, and an integration of quantitative and qualitative results using participatory methods.

The study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of McGill University (24-02-015). The dissemination of results will be conducted in partnership with a multi-stakeholder advisory committee, including youth who play video games, and will involve peer-reviewed publications, presentations to policymakers in Quebec, and workshops for clinicians and researchers.