Despite having more medical and social vulnerabilities than men with substance use disorder (SUD), women with SUD are underrepresented in addiction healthcare structures. This is because they experience double stigma—from society (including the medical community) and from themselves—which hinders them from accessing healthcare.

Using a mixed-methods approach, the main objective of the Calliope study is to explore and compare healthcare satisfaction among women with SUD according to the category of healthcare structure they attend: specialised addiction centres versus primary care centres called ‘microstructures’. A total of 240 women receiving care for SUD will be included in the study, with equal representation from specialised addiction centres and ‘microstructures’. All participants will complete a standardised questionnaire to collect quantitative data. Additionally, a subsample of 40 women will be selected to participate in in-depth, semistructured interviews to gather qualitative data. Additionally, focus groups will be conducted with healthcare professionals to explore their perspectives and practices.

Calliope was reviewed and approved by the institutional ethics committee of Paris Cité University (IRB: 00012024–02). The study’s findings will provide a greater understanding of the characteristics, needs and satisfaction with healthcare of women with SUD living in France. Moreover, they will help guide the development of tailored therapeutic interventions for this population.

Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among individuals with psychiatric conditions and significantly impair cognitive, emotional and behavioural functioning. Pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbances carries a risk of dependence and adverse effects, while behavioural therapies are often insufficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel interventions. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation and electroconvulsive therapy, have shown potential in modulating neural circuits involved in sleep regulation, yet their clinical utility remains uncertain. This protocol outlines a systematic review aiming to evaluate the efficacy, safety and optimal parameters of NIBS for treating sleep disturbances in psychiatric conditions.

The review will adhere to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and is registered with PROSPERO. Two reviewers will independently perform a literature search, extract data and assess research quality. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted in four databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science. Eligible studies will comprise randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, open-label studies, observational designs, case reports and case series. Analysed outcomes will include subjective and objective sleep measures, daytime functioning, changes in psychiatric symptoms and adverse events. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, ROBINS-I and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Where possible, data will be synthesised through meta-analysis; otherwise, tabular summary and narrative synthesis will be provided. The certainty of evidence will be assessed using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation framework.

No ethical approval is required as this study will involve analysis of already published data. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.

CRD420251053488.