This study aims to identify the effectiveness of asthma self-management interventions for school-aged children 6–17 years old in the US. The research questions include: (1) What interventions are conducted for asthma self-management among school children and adolescents aged 6–17 with asthma from minority families in the US? (2) Which asthma self-management intervention(s) are effective and feasible to reduce acute healthcare utilisation and improve asthma control among school-aged children 6–17 years and (3) Are there any differences in the effectiveness of self-management interventions by age groups (children 6–11 years vs adolescents 12–17 years) and by income groups (low income vs high income minority families)?

A thorough search of the literature is conducted in multiple electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus/Embase, EbscoHost, CINAHL-full text, PsycINFO and clinical trials. This review focuses on studies of school-aged children and adolescents 6–17 years old with asthma from minority families that employ self-management intervention to enhance asthma control compared with a standard intervention/control group. The search strategies are developed following the population, intervention, comparison and outcome framework. The primary outcomes of this study are healthcare utilisation (ie, asthma-related urgent care/emergency department visits and hospitalisation), symptom control and asthma control. The process involves developing a search strategy along with inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting relevant data, assessing the risk of bias (RoB) and analysing the data. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines will be used for reporting of the systematic review. The Cochrane Risk of Bias revised tool will be used to assess the RoB. The findings will be presented descriptively using tables, visual aids and a narrative summary. A meta-analysis will synthesise the results, exploring the impact of various interventions on asthma self-management in low-income and minority adolescents.

Ethical approval is not required for this study since this is a systematic review of existing literature. This study will synthesise evidence of asthma self-management interventions among school-aged children with asthma from minority and low-income families and identify research gaps. The findings in the meta-analysis will offer valuable insights into designing tailored evidence-based, effective, self-management interventions for school-aged children and adolescents with asthma in the future. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations.

CRD42024567466.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality in Nepal. Risk perception is crucial for the prevention of CVD-related behaviours. This study assessed CVD risk perceptions and the stages of preventive behaviours among adults in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal by integrating two theoretical models—the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model.

This study used a cross-sectional design with data collected through a survey using a semistructured questionnaire.

This study was conducted from July 2024 to August 2024; among community people aged ≥20 residing in 11 wards of Pokhara Metropolitan.

A total of 384 community people residing in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.

The primary outcome measure was stage of preventive behaviours of CVDs using Fuster BEWAT components (blood pressure, exercise, weight, diet and tobacco), while explanatory variables were sociodemographic characteristics and CVD Health Beliefs.

A total of 384 adults participated (response rate=95%). The mean age was 42.3 years (SD±14.5), with equal representation of males and females. More than half of the participants (55.5%) perceived low susceptibility to CVDs, 40.4% perceived high severity, 78.4% perceived high benefits and 49.5% perceived moderate barriers. Most respondents were in the precontemplation stage for blood pressure control (43%) and weight management (30.5%), whereas maintenance was most common for physical activity (41.1%), healthy diet (51.3%) and smoking abstinence (80.1%).

Ordinal logistic regression revealed that low perceived benefits significantly hindered behavioural progression (p=0.001–0.012), where low perceived barriers significantly facilitated advancement across all behaviours (p

Perceived benefits and barriers were key predictors of progression in CVD prevention behaviours. While many adults maintained healthy diets, physical activity and smoking abstinence, most were in the early stage for blood pressure and weight control strategies. Strengthening perceived benefits and reducing barriers can enhance the adoption of healthy behaviours in Nepal.