Conectar
The aim is to explore co-design facilitators’ perspectives and experiences of using co-design to improve intrapartum care in four sub-Saharan African settings. The inquiry focuses particularly on how they fostered engagement, built trust and mitigated unintended consequences during the co-design process.
Qualitative interview study with reflexive thematic analysis.
Sixteen public and private not-for-profit hospital-based maternity units in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda (four per country).
A total population sample of 10 co-design facilitators involved in a hospital-based co-design project implemented in maternity units in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda were interviewed. Semistructured interviews were conducted between December 2022 and January 2023.
Co-design facilitators viewed co-design as a collaborative process to develop contextually relevant solutions. Our findings elucidate their role in facilitating consensus-building and fostering stakeholder ownership amidst significant power divides. They described approaches co-design facilitators take to maintain ongoing stakeholder engagement and manage misaligned expectations in a trusting and collaborative environment, while being mindful of existing tensions and power imbalances. They also highlighted key challenges faced, including navigating norms, power imbalances and unintended consequences.
This study underscores the importance of power-sharing, fostering ownership and engaging end users equitably and continuously in co-design efforts, while also being aware of how to address its potential unintended consequences. Further research is needed to understand co-design facilitators’ impact on co-design and how to address unintended consequences for stakeholders during and after co-design activities in intrapartum interventions in low-resource settings.
Alcohol is causally related to more than 200 diseases and injuries. Alcohol health warning labels are a promising intervention to address alcohol-related harm with multiple possible roles, but research on its real-world impacts is lacking. This study aims to experimentally evaluate the impact of exposure to two types of content (responsibility and cancer message) and positioning of the message (front or back) on knowledge of alcohol causing cancer as the primary outcome and alcohol consumption behaviour, intentions, risk perception, emotional response, product appeal and policy support as secondary outcomes. The study also aims to assess the potential testing effect of pre-measurement on the primary outcome.
Participants (of the legal drinking age in Spain (18 years or older), purchased at least one alcoholic beverage (with alcohol by volume (ABV) ≥ 1.2% for their own consumption and speaking Catalan or Spanish) will be recruited outside of supermarkets in Barcelona after purchasing alcohol, randomly assigned into one of the eight experimental groups, complete a baseline questionnaire (with half of the sample answering baseline questions measuring knowledge) and receive label stickers displaying either responsibility or cancer message, and applied to either front or back of every alcohol container they have purchased. They will complete follow-up surveys measuring the primary and secondary outcomes 1 week and 1 month after the intervention, either online or via telephone. The key hypotheses are that the label containing a cancer message will have a greater impact on the primary and secondary outcomes compared with the responsibility label. To evaluate the impact of health warning labels on knowledge of alcohol causing cancer, logistic regression will be employed to model the probability of a correct response as a function of the key independent variables, with results reported as ORs. Secondary outcomes will be modelled through linear regressions for continuous variables, and through logistic regressions for dichotomic variables or categorical variables that will be dichotomised a priori. The target sample size is 1300 participants.
The study has been approved by the Ethical Committee for Research with Medicines (CEIm) IDIAP Jordi Gol (24/228-P) and the Ethical Research Committee of the WHO (ERC.0004213). The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, on social media and policy fora in national, European and global context, and will inform WHO and European Union-level policy recommendations.
European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Food Safety, SANTE/2022/SI2.883729.
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