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This study aims to map and frame the main factors present in support interventions successfully implemented in health organisations in order to provide timely and adequate response to healthcare workers (HCWs) after patient safety incidents (PSIs).
Scoping review guided by the six-stage approach proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and by PRISMA-ScR.
CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Epistemonikos, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO Citation Index, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, reference lists of the eligible articles, websites and a consultation group.
Empirical studies (original articles) were prioritised. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool Version 2018 to conduct a quality assessment of the eligible studies.
A total of 9766 records were retrieved (last update in November 2022). We assessed 156 articles for eligibility in the full-text screening. Of these, 29 earticles met the eligibility criteria. The articles were independently screened by two authors. In the case of disagreement, a third author was involved. The collected data were organised according to the Organisational factors, People, Environment, Recommendations from other Audies, Attributes of the support interventions. We used EndNote to import articles from the databases and Rayyan to support the screening of titles and abstracts.
The existence of an organisational culture based on principles of trust and non-judgement, multidisciplinary action, leadership engagement and strong dissemination of the support programmes’ were crucial factors for their effective implementation. Training should be provided for peer supporters and leaders to facilitate the response to HCWs’ needs. Regular communication among the implementation team, allocation of protected time, funding and continuous monitoring are useful elements to the sustainability of the programmes.
HCWs’ well-being depends on an adequate implementation of a complex group of interrelated factors to support them after PSIs.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the cornerstone of systematic reviews and other evidence synthesis. RCT identification remains challenging because of limitations in their indexation in major databases and potential language bias. Scientific production in Latin American nursing is steadily increasing, but little is known about its design or main features. We aimed to identify the extent of evidence from RCTs in nursing conducted by Latin American research teams and evaluate their main characteristics, including potential risk of bias.
Scoping review with risk of bias assessment.
We conducted a scoping review including a comprehensive electronic search in five relevant databases. We completed a descriptive data analysis and a risk of bias assessment of eligible studies using Cochrane's guidance.
We identified 1784 references of which 47 were RCTs published in 40 journals. Twenty (42.6%) RCTs were published in journals in English. Chronic diseases were the most common health conditions studied (29.7%). Fifteen (31.9%) RCTs had a high risk of bias. Thirty (75%) journals were included in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) catalog and 5 (16.7%) were journals classified under nursing category. Twenty-one (52.5%) journals explicitly required CONSORT checklist recommendations for RCTs reporting.
Publication of RCTs in nursing by Latin American authors has increased. Most journals where RCTs are published are in English and not specific to nursing. Searches in journals of other disciplines may be necessary to facilitate identification of RCTs in nursing. CONSORT statements need to be actively promoted to facilitate rigorous methodology and reporting of RCTs.
This study highlights the need for an increased research focus on RCTs in nursing in Latin America, and the importance of enhancing the reporting quality of these studies to support evidence-based nursing practice.
Objetivos. Conocer el grado de ansiedad del cuidador primario del niño hospitalizado e identificar la ansiedad de estos en función de la cronicidad de la patología. Asimismo, describir la relación entre el nivel de ansiedad y las características sociodemográficas. Metodología. Estudio transversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por cuidadores primarios de niños ingresados en un hospital de tercer nivel en la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía que accedieron voluntariamente a participar en el estudio (n=61). Por tanto, las variables fueron recogidas a través del cuestionario STAI y de un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Resultados. El grado general de ansiedad del cuidador primario fue de 52,98±18,60 puntos, con puntuaciones de ansiedad rasgo de 23,15±9,62 y ansiedad estado de 29,84±10,99. Los cuidadores de niños con patología crónica presentaron mayores niveles de ansiedad tanto generalizada como ansiedad estado que los que estaban hospitalizados por patología aguda (p≤0,05). Las mujeres expresaron niveles de ansiedad rasgo más elevados (p=0,02). Asimismo, este fue más elevado entre los que no desempeñaban actividad remunerada (p=0,04). Además, los cuidadores que no tenían más personas a cargo presentaron un grado de ansiedad superior general (p=0,02) y rasgo en comparación con los que sí (p=0,01). Discusión. Los cuidadores primarios de niños hospitalizados presentan un elevado nivel de ansiedad. Particularmente, este nivel es más elevado entre aquellos que cuidan a niños con patología crónica, aquellos que no tienen personas a cargo y que no desempeñan una actividad remunerada.
ABSTRACT
Objectives. To evaluate the general degree of anxiety of the primary caregiver of the hospitalized child and to identify the anxiety of caregiver depending on the chronicity of the pathology. Likewise, describe the relationship between the anxiety level and the socio-demographic characteristics. Methodology. Cross-sectional study. The population study was composed by primary caregivers of children admitted to a third level hospital in the autonomous community of Andalusia who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study (n=61). Therefore, the variables were collected through the STAI questionnaire and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results. The primary caregiver's overall anxiety score was 52.98±18.60 points, as a trait 23.15±9.62 and as a state 29.84±10.99. Caregivers of children with chronic pathology presented higher levels of generalized anxiety and as a state than those who were hospitalized with acute pathology (p≤0.05). Women presented higher level of anxiety as trait. Likewise, the degree of anxiety as a trait was higher among those who did not perform paid activity (p=0.04). Also caregivers who had no other dependents presented a higher degree of generalized anxiety (p=0.02) and as a trait compared to those who did have other dependents (p=0.01). Discussion. Primary caregivers of hospitalized children present a high level of anxiety. It is particularly higher among those who care for children with a chronic pathology, those who do not have any dependents and who do not carry out a remunerated activity.
Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la sarcopenia en la funcionalidad de Adultos Mayores Mexicanos. Método: diseño correlacional-predictivo. Muestra: 316 adultos mayores que asistieron al centro de actividades artísticas y deportivas. Instrumentos: cédula de datos sociodemográficos-clínicos, SARC-F, índice de Barthel y escala de Lawton. Resultados: La sarcopenia tiene impacto negativo sobre las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria e influye en mayor porcentaje en las básicas convirtiéndola en variable predictora explicando un 34% las actividades de la vidia diaria y un 22% las instrumentales. Conclusiones: La sarcopenia es una variable predictora para las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria. Los resultados presentados plantean bases para futuras intervenciones multidisciplinarias para disminuir el riesgo de sarcopenia y complicaciones en quienes la padecen. Es necesario adoptar estrategias de valoración de individuos con sarcopenia o en riesgo de desarrollarla, a través de consultas en el primer nivel de atención, para prevenirla.
Objetivo principal: Determinar la relación entre ansiedad, depresión y soledad en cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores con enfermedades crónicas. Metodología: Diseño descriptivo correlacional. Se utilizó la Escala hospitalaria de ansiedad y depresión (α=.83) y la escala de Soledad (α=.95). Se hizo un cálculo de tamaño de muestra con programa G-Power 3.1.9.7 y se aplicó un muestreo a conveniencia. Se analizó con estadística descriptiva e inferencial, como Pearson y chi2. Resultados principales: Participaron 178 cuidadores familiares con una m de 45 años. Se encontró relación de la edad con la percepción de soledad (r=-.200) y el tiempo del cuidado con la puntuación de depresión (r=-.199) y ansiedad (r=-.179). Conclusión principal: Se encontró que, a mayor edad del cuidador, mayor es la percepción de soledad, y a mayor tiempo de cuidado, menor es la depresión y ansiedad, permitiendo implementar futuros programas de atención para mejorar la calidad de vida de los cuidadores.
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