To assess the prevalence and determinants of essential newborn care (ENC) practices among Ethiopian mothers using the 2023 Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) dataset.

A cross-sectional analysis of the nationally representative 2023 PMA Ethiopia survey.

A total of 1933 mothers with complete data on ENC practices were included.

Ethiopia, using a multi-stage stratified cluster sample.

ENC, defined as the adoption of at least four of five WHO-recommended practices: immediate drying, delayed bathing, skin-to-skin contact, clean cord care and early initiation of breastfeeding.

Overall, 32.1% (95% CI 28.1% to 36.0%) of mothers practised at least four ENC components. Coverage was highest for immediate drying (95.4%) and delayed bathing (87.3%), but lower for skin-to-skin contact (53.6%) and clean cord care (64.5%). Health facility delivery showed a strong association with higher ENC practice (adjusted OR (AOR)=106.00; 95% CI 46.14 to 243.54). Mothers who were spouses, rather than household heads, had higher odds of practising ENC (AOR=2.88; 95% CI 1.20 to 6.89) and those mothers with parity two or three had higher odds of practising ENC compared with first-time mothers (AOR=2.00; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.02 and AOR=3.39; 95% CI 1.76 to 6.53, respectively). Lack of postnatal care attendance was negatively associated with ENC (AOR=0.56; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85). Regional disparities were observed, with mothers in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ region being significantly less likely to practise ENC compared with those in Addis Ababa (AOR=0.31; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.64). All results are based on weighted data to ensure national representativeness.

The prevalence of ENC practices remains low in Ethiopia. Health facility delivery, maternal role in the household, parity and region of residence were significant predictors of ENC practice. Strengthening facility-based delivery, promoting maternal empowerment and addressing regional disparities are essential to improving newborn health outcomes in the country and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.

The aim of this study was to assess the time to live birth following fertility treatments among couples attending fertility centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to identify associated factors that could contribute to improving fertility treatment outcomes.

A retrospective record review

Treatment centres that are found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

411 infertile couples who have undergone fertility treatment at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) and Ethio Fertility and IVF Center in Addis Ababa from 2021 to 2023.

A retrospective record review was conducted using data from patient charts among 411 couples who received fertility treatments at SPHMMC and the Ethio Fertility and IVF Center in Addis Ababa. A simple random sampling technique was used to select samples from participants who started fertility treatments from March 2021 to February 2023. Data were collected by three nurses who work at the facilities using the data abstraction format under close supervision. Kaplan-Meier, life table, log-rank test and Cox regression were used to analyse the time-to-live birth and associated factors.

Among the 411 couples who underwent fertility treatments, 33.1% achieved live birth, with most occurring between 8 and 12 months after treatment initiation. Women aged ≥35 years had a 63% lower adjusted hazard of live birth compared with those aged

Younger women and couples undergoing multiple treatment cycles achieve higher live birth rates, and assisted reproductive technology in Addis Ababa attains outcomes comparable to international standards. Expanding early infertility intervention, ensuring access to repeated treatment cycles nationwide and raising public awareness are essential.