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Limited research examines alcohol-related injury in the context of social determinants of health (SDoH) to guide effective intervention and prevention programmes. SDoH are non-medical factors that impact health such as income, housing and childhood environment. This scoping review aims to explore the role SDoH in childhood have in alcohol-related injury in young adults.
The scoping review process will be guided by the methodology framework of Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews Guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). The PubMed and SCOPUS databases will be systematically searched. Studies of various designs and methodologies (published in English since 1 January 2000) that examine certain SDoH of interest in relation to alcohol-related injury in adults aged 18–25 years old will be considered for inclusion in this review. Two reviewers will screen all articles identified from the databases independently. Titles and abstracts will be reviewed based on the initial search and included if eligibility criteria are met. Duplicate articles will be removed and full texts will be examined to create a final list of included studies. Any disagreements on the inclusion of any articles will be resolved through discussion and consultation with a third reviewer if necessary.
As this research does not involve human subjects, ethics approval is not required. The results of this study will be summarised quantitatively through numerical counts and qualitatively through a narrative synthesis. The results from this review will address an important literature gap and inform the development of targeted prevention programmes for alcohol-related injury.
This protocol is registered with Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MYEXA).
The prevalence of dementia in both community and hospital settings requires a clinical workforce that is skilled in diagnosis and management of the condition to competently care for patients. Though evidence of successful educational interventions about dementia exists, effective translation into medical school curricula is the exception rather than the norm.
We adopted a realist synthesis approach following Realist And MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) guidelines to answer the following questions: (1) what are the barriers to integrating effective interventions about dementia into medical school curricula and (2) where they are successfully delivered, what are the contextual factors that allow for this enactment?
We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO using the MesH terms Schools, Medical; Students, Medical; Education, Medical AND Neurocognitive disorders or the closest possible set of terms within each database.
Undergraduate or graduate entry medical school programme, teaching and learning focussing on dementia, evaluating student outcomes (satisfaction, knowledge, skills, attitudes or behaviours), interventions described clearly enough to classify teaching method, any research design (quantitative and qualitative), English language.
We used a shared spreadsheet to enter key information about eligible studies and the reasons for excluding studies that did not fit eligibility criteria. We extracted descriptive data about the nature of educational interventions and narrative information as to barriers and facilitators to implementing those interventions.
Our initial literature search identified 16 relevant papers for review. Systematic extraction of data informed the development of an initial programme theory (IPT) structured around four contextual barriers: ‘culture’, ‘concern for patient welfare’, ‘student attitudes’ and ‘logistics’ with associated facilitatory mechanisms embed medical education about dementia.
We outline the process of generating our IPT, including overlap with Cultural Historical Activity Theory. We outline our intention to refine our programme theory through ongoing review of the evidence base and collaboration with stakeholders, with the aim of finalising a model for successful integration of dementia education.
Ensuring patient safety is a critical component of healthcare delivery, and nurses play a vital role in adhering to patient safety protocols to prevent adverse events. However, studies linking nurses' adherence to these protocols with patient outcomes is scarce. This study has two-fold purposes: (1) to examine determinants of nurses' adherence to patient safety protocols, and (2) to investigate the relationship between nurses' adherence to patient safety protocols and adverse patient events.
A cross-sectional design.
A total of 343 clinical nurses from five hospitals in the Philippines were included in this study. Two standardized scales were used to collect data, including the Patient Safety Adherence Scale and the Adverse Patient Events Scale. Data collection took place from April 2022 to August 2022.
Adherence to patient safety protocols was generally moderate to high (M = 4.483), while nurse-reported adverse events occurred at a lower frequency (M = 1.150). Lower adherence rates were identified in areas such as reporting safety errors (M = 3.950), conducting fall risk assessments (M = 4.299), and adhering to pressure ulcer prevention guidelines (M = 3.979). Patients' and their families' complaints (M = 2.129) and abuses (M = 1.475) were the most frequently reported adverse events. Increased adherence to safety protocols was associated with higher reporting of adverse patient events (β = 0.115, p < 0.001).
Higher adherence to patient safety protocols resulted in an increased reporting of adverse patient events. The factors identified that contributed to nurses' adherence to patient safety protocols can be utilized in the development of strategies aimed at improving compliance, especially in areas where adherence is currently low.
Healthcare organizations should prioritize efforts to enhance adherence to patient safety protocols, particularly in areas with lower compliance rates, through relevant trainings, resource provision, and support systems. Promoting a culture of open communication and reporting can significantly contribute to reducing adverse events and improving patient safety.
This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anal high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV).
A cross-sectional study conducted from 24 August 2020 to 24 November 2020.
Primary care, Cotonou, Benin.
204 HIV-negative men who have sex with men initiating oral pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Anal HR-HPV genotypes using GeneXpert HPV assay. Fourteen HR-HPV were evaluated: HPV-16 and HPV-18/45 in 2 distinct channels and the 11 other genotypes as a pooled result (31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68). The potential independent variables analysed included anal gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections, and sociodemographic and sexual behaviour factors. To assess the determinants of HR-HPV, univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were performed by using SAS V.9.4.
Mean age±SD was 25.9±4.8 years. 131/204 men claimed insertive sex procured more pleasure. Thirty-two participants, accounting for 15.7% of the study sample, had gonorrhoea and/or chlamydia. The prevalence of any HR-HPV genotype was 36.3% (95% CI 30.0% to 43.0%). In total, 7.8% of men had HPV-16 and 7.4% had HPV-18/45. The prevalence for the pooled genotypes (31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68) was 29.9%. Receptive anal sex during the last 6 months was strongly associated with prevalent HR-HPV infections. The adjusted proportion ratio (aPR) was 1.93 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.83). Gonorrhoea and chlamydia were also associated with the outcome of interest; p value for both infections was
In Benin, anal HR-HPV was common among HIV-negative men who have sex with men. Among this highly vulnerable population, there is a need for integrated preventive and management strategies targeting HPV and other sexually transmitted infections.
by Yong Zhou, Chao Sun, Yingxu Ma, Yunyin Huang, Keke Wu, Shengyuan Huang, Qiuzhen Lin, Jiayi Zhu, Zuodong Ning, Ningyuan Liu, Tao Tu, Qiming Liu
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the clinic. Aging plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of AF. Herein, we aimed to identify the aging-related genes associated with AF using bioinformatics analysis. Transcriptome profiles of AF were obtained from the GEO database. Differential expression analysis was performed to identify AF-specific aging-related genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. Subsequently, the LASSO, SVM-RFE, and MCC algorithms were applied to screen aging-related genes. The mRNA expression of the screened genes was validated in the left atrial samples of aged rapid atrial pacing-induced AF canine models and their counterparts. The ROC curves of them were drawn to evaluate their diagnostic potential. Moreover, CIBERSORT was used to estimate immune infiltration. A correlation analysis between screened aging-related genes and infiltrating immune cells was performed. A total of 24 aging-related genes were identified, which were found to be mainly involved in the FoxO signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, longevity regulating pathway, and peroxisome according to functional enrichment analysis. LASSO, SVM-RFE, and MCC algorithms identified three genes (HSPA9, SOD2, TXN). Furthermore, the expression levels of HSPA9 and SOD2 were validated in aged rapid atrial pacing-induced AF canine models. HSPA9 and SOD2 could be potential diagnostic biomarkers for AF, as evidenced by the ROC curves. Immune infiltration and correlation analysis revealed that HSPA9 and SOD2 were related to immune cell infiltrates. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the potential aging-related genes associated with AF. HSPA9 and SOD2 may play a significant role in the occurrence and development of AF.Objetivo principal: Analizar el papel de la enfermera pediátrica en el abordaje del neonato con gastrosquisis en un contexto de consumo de opioides durante el embarazo. Presentación del caso: Neonato con gastrosquisis, en cuyos antecedentes destaca el consumo de marihuana, por parte de la madre, durante el embarazo. Valoración: Según los 11 patrones funcionales de M. Gordon, se observó una alteración en los patrones 1, 2, 3, 5 y 7. Plan de cuidados: Destaca la identificación los diagnósticos NANDA Deterioro de la integridad tisular, Riesgo de motilidad gastrointestinal disfuncional y Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal. Se planificaron los criterios de resultado e intervenciones pertinentes, observándose una mejoría sustancial del paciente a las tres semanas. Discusión: El papel de la enfermera pediátrica en casos de este tipo, se basa en el cuidado integral del neonato, con intervenciones dirigidas, especialmente, al mantenimiento del confort y del estado hemodinámico, respiratorio y gastrointestinal del neonato.
Transgender and nonbinary young adults (TNB YA) report high rates of depression and more suicidality than their cisgender counterparts. Parental rejection is a known predictor of worse mental health among TNB YA; however, less is known about TNB YA experiences of sibling acceptance-rejection. The purpose of this study was to determine how TNB YA perception of sibling and parental acceptance-rejection are related to TNB YA depression and suicidality.
Cross-sectional.
TNB YA (ages 18–25) who had disclosed their gender identity to an adult sibling were recruited to take part in an online study and completed measures of sibling and parent acceptance-rejection, depression, as well as lifetime and past year suicidality. Stepwise regressions were conducted to evaluate associations between acceptance-rejection and TNB YA depression and suicidality.
The sample consisted of 286 TNB YA (Mage = 21.5, SD = 2.2) who were predominantly White (80.6%) and assigned female sex at birth (92.7%). Each family member's acceptance-rejection was associated with increased TNB YA depression scores when considered independently and combined. Independently, high rejection from each family member was associated with greater odds of reporting most suicidality outcomes. When all family members were considered together, only high rejection from a male parent was associated with four times greater odds of reporting lifetime suicidality. High rejection from both parents was associated with greater odds of reporting past year suicide attempt (OR: 3.26 female parent; 2.75 male parent).
Rejection from family members is associated with worse depression and suicidality, and rejection from male parents may be particularly damaging. Sibling acceptance uniquely contributes to TNB YA's depression symptoms alone and in the context of parental support.
Es frecuente que pasar por un proceso de enfermedad, ingreso hospitalario o institucionalización, propio o de un familiar cercano, nos “abra los ojos” a los profesionales respecto a las necesidades de las personas que cuidamos y nos hagan ver de otra forma los cuidados. La siguiente narrativa está basada en la experiencia personal de una auxiliar de Enfermería que trabaja en un contexto de residencia y centro de día para Mayores con Alzheimer. La interacción entre el dolor por la pérdida, el sentimiento de que podía haber disfrutado más del cuidado de su familiar y la sensación de bloqueo caracterizan a esta narrativa que deja un trasfondo ambivalente entre el agradecimiento por el aprendizaje de vida y la sensación de haber podido hacer algo más por su familiar.
Objetivo: Analizar el papel del enfermero en el abordaje inicial del recién nacido afecto de síndrome de bridas amnióticas. Presentación del caso: Recién nacido prematuro con lesión por banda amniótica en muñeca derecha. Valoración: Según los 11 patrones funcionales de Gordon, se objetivó una alteración los patrones 2 y 6 en el neonato, y del 7 en los padres. Plan de Cuidados: Se identificaron los diagnósticos de Riesgo de perfusión tisular periférica ineficaz, Riesgo de deterioro de la integridad tisular, Dolor agudo y Ansiedad. Tras planificar los criterios de resultado y ejecutar las intervenciones pertinentes, se observó la no aparición de los riesgos identificados, resolución del dolor y disminución de la ansiedad de los padres. Discusión: El papel del enfermero en casos de este tipo, se basa en la inspección de la lesión para minimizar la aparición de complicaciones, el control del dolor y el apoyo emocional a la familia.
FreshRSS 