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The increased global burden of non-communicable diseases and mental disorders is an urgent health challenge for countries around the entire world, especially those experiencing super-ageing societies, where over 21% of the population is age 65 years or older. Japan is the world’s most rapidly ageing society, and as a result, medical costs are also rising dramatically. With the aims of establishing a foundational framework for future research efforts, primarily focusing on the development of a personal health record (PHR) system, and creating a long-term repository for bioresources integrated with PHRs, this study investigated potential health risks and future healthcare burdens based on a longitudinal analysis of health records.
The Resource Center for Health Science (RECHS) project is a long-term, prospective biobank project, population and health check-up-based cohort that primarily investigates the associations between lifestyle and environmental factors and some surrogate markers of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Starting in 2010, we initiated an annual cohort study among voluntary participants recruited from health check-up programmes and collected data from the following sources: a self-administered baseline questionnaire that included items on dietary habits and stress, a Brief Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire, the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the General Health Questionnaire-28.
For this prospective cohort study, we planned to enrol approximately 10 000 participants. We collected and stored serum samples from all participants for future analyses. The study participants who still were able to participate in these health check-ups and their outcomes were then obtained from the measurements and questionnaire responses.
Insights emerging from the RECHS study can provide researchers and public health policy administrators with evidence to aid in the prevention of non-communicable diseases and clarify the most malleable status to implement preventive measures.
Motivational interviewing is a client-centered counseling technique widely applied as a behavior change strategy. It has been adopted to help cancer patients modify health behaviors. The effectiveness of motivational interviewing on physical activity behavior and its associated outcomes in cancer patients is unclear.
The aim of this review was to determine the effect of motivational interviewing with other motivational strategies on physical activity behavior and associated outcomes in cancer patients.
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, following PRISMA guidelines. Eight English databases were searched from inception to October 2022. The outcomes were evaluated using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with fixed- and random-effects models. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0.
Eight trials with 450 participants were identified, with sample sizes ranging from 25 to 87. The number of motivational interviewing sessions ranged from one to 12. The types of motivational strategy intervention varied. Apart from motivational interviewing, pedometers were frequently used as a strategy. The quality of the included studies differed, with one out of eight scoring low in the overall risk of bias. Our meta-analysis indicated that motivational interviewing with other motivational strategies significantly promoted the total physical activity level (SMD = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [0.10, 0.58], p = .005; low certainty), but not did not affect other physical and psychosocial outcomes.
The combination of motivational interviewing with other motivational strategies was beneficial in increasing the total physical activity level of cancer patients.
Motivational interviewing can be a clinical communication skill that healthcare professionals, especially nurses, can acquire to motivate patients to change their behaviors to promote health. Future studies adopting motivational interviewing interventions could consider additional motivational strategies, such as pedometers, to maximize the benefits on physical activity behaviors.
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