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To identify the contaminated areas of the hand collection and analyse the distribution characteristics of bacteria in the hand after swab collection.
This study used a cross-sectional design.
A cross-sectional study sampling 50 pairs of hands (sampling hand and auxiliary hand) of healthcare workers was performed. Ten samples were collected from each participant. The optimal hand hygiene rates and bacterial colony counts of the whole hand and different hand sections without hand hygiene were identified as the primary outcomes.
The optimal hand hygiene rates of the sampling hand and auxiliary hand were 88.8% (222/250) and 91.6% (229/250), respectively. The lowest optimal hand hygiene rates for the sampling hand and the auxiliary hand were both on the dorsal side of the finger and the dorsum of the hand (86.0%, 86.0% vs. 90.0%, 86.0%); the optimal hand hygiene rates for both sites of the sampling hand were 86.0% (43/50), and the optimal hand hygiene rates for the auxiliary hand were 90.0% (45/50) and 86.0% (43/50). The bacteria colony counts did not differ between the sampling hands and auxiliary hand.
The dorsal side of the finger and dorsum of the hand were the most likely to be contaminated during oropharyngeal swab collection. Therefore, it is essential to pay extra attention to hand hygiene care of these two sites during the collection process to minimize the risk of cross-contamination.
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were adopted in this study.
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in enhancing surgical site wound healing following colorectal surgery. We systematically reviewed and analysed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the outcomes of TCM interventions in postoperative wound management, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcome was the assessment of wound healing through the REEDA (redness, oedema, ecchymosis, discharge and approximation) scale at two different time points: the 10th day and 1-month post-surgery. Seven RCTs involving 1884 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in wound healing in the TCM-treated groups compared to the control groups at both time intervals. On the 10th day post-surgery, the TCM groups exhibited a significant reduction in REEDA scale scores (I2 = 98%; random: SMD: −2.25, 95% CI: −3.52 to −0.98, p < 0.01). A similar trend was observed 1-month post-surgery, with the TCM groups showing a substantial decrease in REEDA scale scores (I 2 = 98%; random: SMD: -3.39, 95% CI: −4.77 to −2.01, p < 0.01). Despite the promising results, the majority of the included studies were of suboptimal quality, indicating a need for further high-quality RCTs to substantiate the findings. The results suggest that TCM interventions can potentially enhance wound healing post-colorectal surgery, paving the way for further research in this area to validate the efficacy of TCM in postoperative management.
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