HEAL‐X: A Novel Classification System for Xylazine Associated Wounds

ABSTRACT

The opioid crisis has been exacerbated by xylazine, a veterinary sedative increasingly present in illicit drugs. Xylazine causes severe skin wounds that increase the risk of morbidity. Current wound classification systems fail to address the unique features of this injury, creating a need for a tailored assessment and treatment approach. We developed the HEAL-X classification system to standardise evaluation and treatment of xylazine-associated wounds. The system grades wounds using five criteria: History, Extent, Appearance, Location, and Xylazine-specific features. Grades range from 0 (normal skin) to 5 (underlying structure involvement). HEAL-X integrates principles from existing classifications while focusing on xylazine-specific pathology. This novel system was developed by an inter-disciplinary panel and requires empirical validation through clinical application and further research. HEAL-X provides a framework for grading xylazine-associated wounds, guiding treatment from lower-grade wounds to severe cases. This system aligns with the unique characteristics of xylazine wounds, offering a more tailored approach than any existing models individually. HEAL-X addresses a critical gap in managing xylazine-associated wounds. It offers a standardised tool to evaluate wound severity, guide treatment, and improve patient outcomes. As xylazine use rises and further research refines prognostic indicators and treatment outcomes, HEAL-X provides a framework on which to build.