Global Prevalence and Incidence of Incontinence‐Associated Dermatitis in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

ABSTRACT

Aim

To estimate the prevalence and incidence of incontinence-associated dermatitis in adults with incontinence across healthcare settings.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Observational studies reporting prevalence or incidence of incontinence-associated dermatitis in adults with incontinence were included. Risk of bias was assessed using a validated tool. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted for prevalence studies and meta-regression examined heterogeneity.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from database inception to 20 October 2025.

Results

Twenty-eight studies including 270,719 adults with incontinence were identified across hospital, nursing home and community settings. Twenty studies reported prevalence. Among eight low-risk of bias studies, the pooled prevalence was 14.2%, compared with 22.7% across all prevalence studies. Eight studies reported incidence. Pooled analysis of studies in intensive care units showed a cumulative incidence of 33.1%, while one nursing home study reported 5.5%. Prevalence was similar in hospitals and community settings and lower in nursing homes. Prevalence was highest in faecal incontinence, followed by double and urinary incontinence.

Conclusion

Incontinence-associated dermatitis is common among adults with incontinence across healthcare settings. The high prevalence and incidence highlight the need for effective prevention and management strategies.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

High occurrence rates highlight the need for systematic risk assessment, preventive skin care strategies and early management in nursing practice.

Impact

This study addresses the lack of epidemiological evidence on incontinence-associated dermatitis. Findings show the condition is frequent among adults with incontinence across care settings. Results are relevant for nurses responsible for continence care and skin integrity.

Reporting Method

This review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting.

Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42024549106), registered 02/06/2024.