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Health coaching has emerged as a promising intervention to improve health outcomes in older adults. However, its effectiveness has not been comprehensively synthesized.
To evaluate the effectiveness of health coaching interventions on anxiety, depression, quality of life, self-management behavior, and self-efficacy among older adults.
A systematic search of six English databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, APA PsycInfo, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global) was conducted from inception to October 20, 2024. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using meta-analysis with random or fixed effects. Sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and publication bias tests were also performed.
Thirty-five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 20,200 older adults were included in this review. Meta-analysis results indicated that health coaching interventions could significantly improve anxiety (SMD: −0.09; 95% CI: −0.15, −0.04; I 2: 0%), quality of life (SMD: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.39; I 2: 76%), self-management behaviors (SMD: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.86; I 2: 95%), and self-efficacy (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.33; I 2: 69%) among older adults, but had no significant effects on depression (SMD: −0.26; 95% CI: −0.64, 0.12; I 2: 98%).
Health coaching interventions may enhance the well-being of older adults. However, the certainty of the current evidence was generally very low to moderate, and substantial heterogeneity existed across studies. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted with caution. More high-quality RCTs with extended follow-up, as well as analyses of differential effects across demographic information, are needed to provide more robust and generalizable evidence.
The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting psychosocial adaptation in intestinal stoma patients and to identify central symptoms that might guide future interventions through network analysis.
A multicenter cross-sectional study.
All intestinal stoma patients were evaluated for psychosocial adaptation using the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-20 (OAI-20). Univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to analyse the potential relationship between the level of psychological adjustment of intestinal stoma patients and individual factors. By network analysis, we calculated the centrality indicators for each node in the ostomy psychosocial adaptation network at different levels of low, medium and high, respectively.
This study ultimately enrolled a total of 19,909 intestinal stoma patients from 202 Chinese hospitals, out of which 6408 reported low psychosocial adaptation. It was found that there is a negative association between being female, partially self-care, completely dependent on others for care and having no medical insurance with psychosocial adaptation scores. In the low-level psychosocial adaptation network, no. OAI-14:limited activity, no. OAI-9: worried about ostomy, and no. OAI-11:always like a patient were identified as central indicators.
Being female, partially self-care, completely dependent on others for care, and having no health insurance can be considered characteristics of patients with lower psychosocial adaptation. Network analysis results provide intervention targets to improve adaptation.
Individualised and precise interventions can be carried out in terms of both the influencing factors and the most influential nodes of psychosocial adaptation in order to improve the level of psychosocial adaptation in intestinal stoma patients.
No patient or public contribution.
People living with HIV (PLWH) frequently encounter mental health symptoms. Yet, a notable gap exists regarding the divergence in core mental health symptoms among PLWH across developed and developing regions. This study aims to explore the differences in mental health symptom networks among PLWH in both developed and developing regions.
A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in China from April 2022 to April 2023. Six designated HIV hospitals enrolled 2436 participants, including 1430 PLWH from developed regions and 1006 PLWH from developing regions. The study assessed 40 mental health symptoms across six dimensions: somatization symptoms, negative affect, cognitive processes, cognitive function, interpersonal communication, and social adaptation among PLWH.
The diverse developed regions exhibited varying mental health symptoms among PLWH, particularly concerning their core symptoms. In the developed regions of China, PLWH predominantly experience core symptoms centered around “Sadness,” “Anger,” and “Distress.” In contrast, PLWH from developing regions tends to manifest core symptoms such as “Inability to integrate into society,” “Difficulty in managing daily work and study,” and “Hostility.”
The regional variation in mental health symptoms among PLWH underscores the disparities in their circumstances. This insight is crucial for crafting tailored intervention strategies for urban PLWH. In developed regions, psychological interventions such as catharsis and empathy are integral to clinical practice, while in less developed regions, family support interventions are paramount, given the limited social interactions available to PLWH.
This study was reported according to the STROBE checklist.
No patient or public contribution.
This study aims to develop dynamic networks and examine the longitudinal relationships of mental health symptoms among persons living with HIV (PLWH).
A longitudinal study.
We collected data between October 2022 and December 2022 using Wenjuanxing (Questionnaire Star), an online survey platform. The study tracked weekly data across 10 sessions, involving 123 PLWH in Beijing, China. A total of 40 mental health symptoms with six dimensions (somatization symptoms, negative affect, cognitive processes, cognitive function, interpersonal communication and social adaptation) were included in the symptom network, which consists of temporal, contemporaneous and between-person networks.
In the temporal network, ‘feeling inferior to others’ had the largest in-strength value, whereas ‘suicidal ideation’ exhibited the largest out-strength value. In the contemporaneous network, ‘feeling inferior to others’ showed the highest bridge strength, indicating it had the most connections to other mental health symptoms.
We found that ‘feeling inferior to others’ had the highest number of predictors, with up to seven mental health symptoms potentially triggering this particular symptom. Additionally, ‘suicidal ideation’ emerged as a powerful predictor, influencing the greatest number of mental health symptoms across five dimensions.
Our study enhances the understanding of the sequential development and consequences of mental health symptoms among PLWH, which may provide an important basis for designing precise mental health symptom management interventions.
This study was reported according to the STROBE checklist.
No patient or public contribution.
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