Creating a psychosocial intervention combining growth mindset and implementation intentions (GMII) to reduce alcohol consumption: A mixed method approach

by Sacha Parada, Bérengère Rubio, Elsa Taschini, Xavier Laqueille, Malika El Youbi, Pierre Paris, Bernard Angerville, Alain Dervaux, Jean-François Verlhiac, Eve Legrand

This work aimed at creating a psychosocial intervention based on growth mindset theory and implementation intention strategies, in order to reduce alcohol consumption among users in the general population, and the clinical population of individuals with alcohol use disorder. A mixed method approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods among both populations. Four focus groups were first conducted to extract arguments in favor of a malleable view of alcohol consumption (study 1A), situations that trigger the desire to drink alcohol, as well as strategies used by people to counteract this need (study 1B). Data were analyzed using reflective thematic analysis in line with the scientific literature on alcohol consumption. The results were used to create a questionnaire scoring the relevance of each argument, situation and strategy (study 2). The 20 best scored arguments, situations and strategies were selected to create the intervention. The created intervention consisted in a popularized scientific article describing alcohol consumption as malleable, including the selected arguments and followed by two internalization exercises. Then, a volitional help sheet included the selected situations and solutions was presented, allowing forming up to three plans. The discussion focused on the added value of the created material compared to pre-existing tools in the literature, and presents plans to test the intervention in a future study.

Convergence and divergence in mortality: A global study from 1990 to 2030

by David Atance, M. Mercè Claramunt, Xavier Varea, Jose Manuel Aburto

An empirical question that has motivated demographers is whether there is convergence or divergence in mortality/longevity around the world. The epidemiological transition is the starting point for studying a global process of mortality convergence. This manuscript aims to provide an update on the concept of mortality convergence/divergence. We perform a comprehensive examination of nine different mortality indicators from a global perspective using clustering methods in the period 1990-2030. In addition, we include analyses of projections to provide insights into prospective trajectories of convergence clubs, a dimension unexplored in previous work. The results indicate that mortality convergence clubs of 194 countries by sex resemble the configuration of continents. These five clubs show a common steady upward trend in longevity indicators, accompanied by a progressive reduction in disparities between sexes and between groups of countries. Furthermore, this paper shows insights into the historical evolution of the convergence clubs in the period 1990-2020 and expands their scope to include projections of their expected future evolution in 2030.

Prediction of amputation risk of patients with diabetic foot using classification algorithms: A clinical study from a tertiary center

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers can have vital consequences, such as amputation for patients. The primary purpose of this study is to predict the amputation risk of diabetic foot patients using machine-learning classification algorithms. In this research, 407 patients treated with the diagnosis of diabetic foot between January 2009–September 2019 in Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine in the Department of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine were retrospectively evaluated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify the key features associated with the amputation risk in diabetic foot patients within the dataset. Thus, various prediction/classification models were created to predict the “overall” risk of diabetic foot patients. Predictive machine-learning models were created using various algorithms. Additionally to optimize the hyperparameters of the Random Forest Algorithm (RF), experimental use of Bayesian Optimization (BO) has been employed. The sub-dimension data set comprising categorical and numerical values was subjected to a feature selection procedure. Among all the algorithms tested under the defined experimental conditions, the BO-optimized “RF” based on the hybrid approach (PCA-RF-BO) and “Logistic Regression” algorithms demonstrated superior performance with 85% and 90% test accuracies, respectively. In conclusion, our findings would serve as an essential benchmark, offering valuable guidance in reducing such hazards.

Randomized controlled trials in nursing conducted by Latin American research teams: A scoping review

Abstract

Introduction

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the cornerstone of systematic reviews and other evidence synthesis. RCT identification remains challenging because of limitations in their indexation in major databases and potential language bias. Scientific production in Latin American nursing is steadily increasing, but little is known about its design or main features. We aimed to identify the extent of evidence from RCTs in nursing conducted by Latin American research teams and evaluate their main characteristics, including potential risk of bias.

Design

Scoping review with risk of bias assessment.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review including a comprehensive electronic search in five relevant databases. We completed a descriptive data analysis and a risk of bias assessment of eligible studies using Cochrane's guidance.

Results

We identified 1784 references of which 47 were RCTs published in 40 journals. Twenty (42.6%) RCTs were published in journals in English. Chronic diseases were the most common health conditions studied (29.7%). Fifteen (31.9%) RCTs had a high risk of bias. Thirty (75%) journals were included in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) catalog and 5 (16.7%) were journals classified under nursing category. Twenty-one (52.5%) journals explicitly required CONSORT checklist recommendations for RCTs reporting.

Conclusion

Publication of RCTs in nursing by Latin American authors has increased. Most journals where RCTs are published are in English and not specific to nursing. Searches in journals of other disciplines may be necessary to facilitate identification of RCTs in nursing. CONSORT statements need to be actively promoted to facilitate rigorous methodology and reporting of RCTs.

Clinical Relevance Statement

This study highlights the need for an increased research focus on RCTs in nursing in Latin America, and the importance of enhancing the reporting quality of these studies to support evidence-based nursing practice.

Notificaciones de lesiones de piel en un Hospital Universitario

Objetivo: Analizar las notificaciones de lesiones de piel en un hospital universitario. Método: Estudio descriptivo, realizado en un hospital universitario, localizado en Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, con datos secundarios de notificaciones de incidentes. Fueron investigadas características sociodemográficas de los pacientes con lesiones de piel y características de las lesiones notificas en los años 2016 y 2017. Los datos fueron recolectados entre los meses de septiembre 2018 y mayo 2019 y el estudio respetó los principios éticos de investigación. Resultados: Fueron notificados 96 casos de lesión de piel. La mayoría fue adquirida en la hospitalización (89,58%), siendo frecuente la lesión por presión (77,08%), en la región sacra o glútea (61,46%), con pérdida de piel (54,17%), en grado leve (89,58%) y que prolongaron la hospitalización (7,29%). Conclusión: A pesar de ser realizada evaluación del riesgo para lesión, en más de la mitad de las notificaciones se observa que el tipo más prevalente fue la lesión por presión.

Agravios por causas externas en Servicio de Atención Móvel de Urgencia

Objetivo principal: Identificar la prevalencia de los agravios por causas externas en Servicio de Atención Móvil de Urgencia y factores asociados. Metodología: Estudio de datos secundarios, desarrollado a partir de recolección de datos en 2845 boletines de atención. Se utilizó un análisis de modelo de regresión de Poisson. Resultados principales: Los individuos con edad entre 21 y 40 años presentan aumento de 75% en la probabili-dad de sufrieren agravios por causas externas, 54% mayor probabilidad de presentaren una respiración alterada en el examen clínico, 105% mayor riesgo de rechazo de atención y 233% mayor riesgo de no estar en el local. Conclusión principal: Accidentes de transporte y caídas fueron los agravios por causas externas más prevalentes. Los factores asociados fueron: edad entre 21 y 40 años y presentar respiración alterada. Otros factores, también, se mantuvieron asociados por el rechazo en la atención y no estar presente para recibir la atención.

Evidencias bibliográficas sobre riesgos laborales en los pescadores artesanales: revisión integrativa de la literatura

Objetivo: Identificar en la producción científica los tipos de riesgos para enfermidades y agravos para acidentes em trabajadores de la pesca artesanal. Metodología: Revisión integrativa, realizada entre enero y marzo de 2018, por medio de la combinación de los descriptores "Occupational Health" y "Fisheries", en las bases de datos, Medline, LILACS, Scopus, SciELO e internet. Se encontraron 123 artículos. Después de la lectura y evaluación de los mismos, se obtuvo un resultado final para el análisis de 16 artículos. Resultados principales: La mayoría de los estudios se indexaron en la base de datos Medline (56,3%), en el idioma inglés (43,8), con un nivel de evidencia VI (100%). Se constató que los trabajadores de la pesca artesanal están expuestos a riesgos ergonómicos, químicos, físicos y de accidentes. Conclusión: Se constató carencia de publicaciones en el área de la pesca artesanal, inexistencia de publicaciones científicas realizadas por la enfermería y brechas en el conocimiento.

Las mejores prácticas en los cuidados del catéter periférico corto. Revisión de las guías de práctica clínica

Rev Enferm;41(2): 141-146, feb. 2018. ilus. [Artículo]