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To map existing sexual and gender minority (SGM) health research in Ireland, identify gaps in literature and outline priorities for future research and healthcare. SGM is an umbrella term that includes people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or intersex and is sometimes abbreviated as LGBTQI+.
A scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024.
The review followed Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and PRISMA-ScR framework for scoping reviews. Articles were identified through systematic database searches and screened independently by reviewers.
PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Embase were searched for articles published between January 2014 and April 2024. Sixty studies met inclusion criteria.
The review highlighted a disproportionate focus on gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM), particularly regarding HIV and sexual health. Mental health research revealed high levels of anxiety, depression and suicidality, largely attributed to minority stress and systemic discrimination. Transgender health studies documented barriers to accessing gender-affirming care and mental health services. Few studies explored experiences of sexual minority women, older SGM individuals or intersex people. Intersectional perspectives on race, disability and socio-economic status were notably absent.
SGM health research in Ireland reflects significant progress in documenting disparities in mental and sexual health. However, there is a lack of representation for some groups. There is also limited attention to intersectionality. Systematic gaps in sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data impede targeted policymaking and service delivery.
Findings underscore the need for inclusive, culturally competent healthcare services, better integration of SGM health topics into nursing education, and community-centred interventions. Addressing structural barriers and improving provider competence can enhance equitable healthcare access for SGM populations.
This review addresses the fragmented state of SGM health research in Ireland, highlighting gaps in representation and systemic issues.
Authorship includes individuals from various sexual and gender minority communities.
To explore experiences of LGBT+ individuals in accessing and receiving healthcare in Ireland, and to identify opportunities for more inclusive and equitable healthcare delivery.
A descriptive qualitative study using asynchronous online focus groups.
Asynchronous online focus groups were conducted using the MURAL collaborative platform over a three-week period in 2023. Participants (n = 43) self-selected into one of three focus groups based on gender and sexual identity. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to generate key themes.
Four themes were identified: (1) Culturally aware healthcare professionals; (2) Access and information; (3) Specialist versus universal services; and (4) Mental health support. Participants reported frequent experiences of misgendering, heteronormative assumptions, and provider inexperience. Geographic inequities, unclear referral pathways, and a lack of centralised, inclusive information were also key barriers. While specialist services were valued, participants advocated for a dual approach that integrates LGBT+ competence into all healthcare settings.
Despite legal and social progress, LGBT+ individuals in Ireland continue to encounter significant barriers to equitable healthcare. The findings highlight a need for improved cultural competence, better access to inclusive services, and systemic reform.
Healthcare providers must receive comprehensive training in LGBT+ health to ensure respectful, appropriate, and inclusive care. Enhanced visibility of inclusive providers and improved service pathways are needed to address current inequities, particularly in mental health and gender-affirming care.
This study identifies key gaps in provider competence, service accessibility, and mental health provision. Findings will inform healthcare education, policy development, and service design to improve experiences and outcomes for LGBT+ individuals in both urban and rural contexts.
This study adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).
No patient or public contribution was involved.
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