Technology-supported lifestyle interventions to improve maternal-fetal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy (ACOG Practice Bulletin, 2018). As one of the most common obstetric complications, GDM affects 6%-8% of pregnant women globally according to recent reports and its incidence continues to rise (Iftikhar et al., 2019, Lee et al., 2018), making GDM a major public health problem (Al Wattar, 2019). Multiple studies have confirmed that gestational diabetes is associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes including preeclampsia, miscarriage, cesarean delivery, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and birth trauma (2018, Al Wattar, 2019, Blumberg et al., 2018, Schiavone et al., 2016).