Workplace Violence, Psychological Safety, and Decent Work Perception: A Longitudinal Mediation Study Among Clinical Nurses

ABSTRACT

Aims

This study examined the dynamic relationship between workplace violence and decent work perception among clinical nurses, specifically exploring the mediating role of psychological safety.

Design

A longitudinal study using a cross-lagged panel model.

Methods

A longitudinal follow-up survey was conducted in mainland China. A total of 534 nurses completed measures of workplace violence, decent work perception, and psychological safety. Data were analysed using SPSS 27.0, and structural equation modelling was performed with AMOS 24.0 to evaluate longitudinal causal relationships and mediation effects among the study variables.

Results

The results indicated that workplace violence, psychological safety, and decent work perception were significantly correlated across three time points (T1–T3). Moreover, workplace violence exerted a significant direct effect on decent work perception. Cross-lagged panel modelling further demonstrated that psychological safety at T2 significantly mediated the relationship between workplace violence at T1 and decent work perception at T3.

Conclusion

This longitudinal study confirms that workplace violence diminishes nurses' decent work perception both directly and indirectly through the depletion of psychological safety. Psychological safety is identified as a key mechanism linking violence exposure to eroded work dignity.

Implications

Policymakers should integrate ‘decent work’ indicators into hospital accreditation standards and mandate periodic psychological safety assessments. Institutional policies must transition from reactive statements to proactive systems that prioritise resource restoration and legal support for victimised nurses to ensure a sustainable workforce.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public involvement.

Reporting Method

This study adhered to the STROBE guidelines.