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Objetivo principal: Evaluar las competencias en Educación Afectivo-Sexual de los estudiantes de Formación Profesional. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo que comparó las actitudes hacia la sexualidad entre 68 alumnos de ciclos sanitarios con 38 de ciclos sociosanitarios. Los instrumentos de evaluación fueron la Double Standard Scale, el Inventario de Actitudes Negativas hacia la Masturbación y la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Sexualidad. Resultados principales: La prueba de Mann-Whitney demostró significativamente que las mujeres tenían actitudes más positivas hacia la sexualidad (U=424.50, z=-2.00, p=.045) y una menor adherencia a los roles de género (U=350.00, z=-3.02, p=.003) que los varones. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas por ciclo formativo. Conclusión principal: La educación impartida en los ciclos formativos a diferencia del sexo parece no tener impacto en las actitudes hacia la sexualidad del alumnado, mostrando la necesidad de mejorar su formación para abordarla.
Objetivo principal: Determinar la efectividad de la hipotermia terapéutica (HT) como medida de neuroprotección y de reducción de la mortalidad en recién nacidos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica (EHI). Metodología: Enfermería Basada en Evidencia. Bases de datos consultadas: Cinahl, Cuiden, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, Scient Direct, Scielo, Librería Cochrane y Google Académico, traducción documental a través del DeCS, lectura crítica realizada mediante FLC 3.0 y síntesis de la evidencia de acuerdo con la escala Oxford. Resultados principales: 18 estudios comparados, encontrándose un 83% de efectividad neuroprotectora de la HT, evidenciando la importancia de su aplicación en tiempos <6 y 6-12 horas. Conclusiones principales: La HT tiene un impacto positivo en el tratamiento de la EHI de moderada a grave, mejora la neuroprotección, aumenta la función neurológica y el pronóstico del sistema nervioso, disminuye la discapacidad grave y la tasa de morbimortalidad neonatal.
Objetivo: Demostrar mediante la monitorización con el índice biespectral la reducción de complicaciones asociadas a sobresedación en paciente con ventilación mecánica. Metodología: Enfermería basada en evidencia. Traducción a lenguaje científico DeCS y MeSH. Fuentes documentales: Epistemonikos, PUBMED, ELSEVIER, DOAJ y Google académico. Operador booleano AND, OR y NOT. Lectura critica mediante FLC 3.0. Jerarquización con Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Resultados: Ocho de 10 artículos demuestran reducción de eventos adversos, 5 de 10 artículos indican reducción de dosis empleadas y administradas de sedantes, también una fuerte evidencia de la precisión para valorar el nivel de sedación y reducción de la incidencia de la sedación. Se necesitan más estudios. Conclusión: La monitorización con índice Biespectral tiene un índice de especificidad más objetivo que escalas de sedación comúnmente usadas y demostró que reduce complicaciones asociadas a la sobresedación. Se requieren más estudios.
To investigate the mediating role of general self-efficacy (i.e., belief in one's competence to cope with a broad range of stressful or challenging demands) in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and psychological distress (i.e., symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression) in gender minority individuals, which include people with a gender identity that is not aligned with their sex assigned at birth.
The study sample included gender minority participants who participated in Waves 4 and 5 of Project AFFIRM, a multi-site longitudinal study of gender minority health. ACEs, general self-efficacy, and psychological distress were measured using the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System ACE Module at Wave 4, the PROMIS General self-efficacy measure at Wave 4, and the Brief Symptoms Inventory Global Severity Index (GSI) at Wave 5, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, including age, race, sex assigned at birth, and income, multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to assess each component of the proposed mediation model. Next, mediation analyses were used to determine whether general self-efficacy mediated the association between ACEs and psychological distress.
The sample for this study consisted of 166 gender minority adults with a mean age of 38.6 ± 12.2 years. Most were non-Hispanic White (46.4%) and female assigned at birth (59.6%). Mean ACEs score was 3.2 ± 2.1 (range 0–8), mean general self-efficacy score was 13.9 ± 3.6 (range 4–20), and mean raw-score GSI was 17.3 ± 13.7 (range 0–64). Participants who reported experiencing more ACEs had greater psychological distress (B 1.60; 95% CI = 0.66, 2.54) and lower general self-efficacy (B −0.41; 95% CI = −0.67, −0.15). In addition, lower general self-efficacy was associated with higher psychological distress (B −1.06; 95% CI = −1.61, −0.51). Bootstrap estimation of the indirect effect was significant (95% CI = 0.14, 0.90) and explained 27.1% (95% CI = 7.76, 69.76) of the total effect of ACEs on psychological distress in gender minority adults.
Our findings suggest that general self-efficacy partially mediated the positive association between ACEs and psychological distress in gender minority adults. Interventions that aim to improve general self-efficacy may be beneficial in alleviating psychological distress in gender minority adults.
Nurses can play an important role in reducing the health risks associated with ACEs by screening gender minority individuals using a trauma-informed approach to care and offering resources and referrals, as appropriate.
In response to the aging population, the Department for Professional Development in the Nursing Division at the Israeli Ministry of Health has invested significant resources in training registered nurses for post-basic certification in the field of geriatrics. However, little is known about how the nurses implement the scope of practice in the field and how they maximize their full potential following the training.
To assess whether nurses' full potential is maximized in geriatric acute and long-term geriatric care, and community settings in Israel.
A quantitative, cross-sectional study.
The study population is a convenience sample of registered nurses who completed post-basic certification in geriatric care (n = 287). The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire addressing socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, implementation of the scope of practice, and a professional satisfaction questionnaire.
Baseline demographic variables were summarized using means and counts, with frequency counts and percentages used for the scope of practice. A one-way ANOVA was utilized to examine the differences between the workplace and the scope of practice. Chi-square was used to examine practice types and the workplace.
Nurses in all surveyed geriatric settings reported average to high overall performance in independent decision-making activities and delegated duties. The majority (66%) reported very high satisfaction with the completion of the post basic certification education However overall performance differed significantly between the different geriatric settings.
Most of the nurses with a post-basic geriatric certification are satisfied with their scope of practice, feel valued by colleagues and managers, and are able to practice independently within their professional scope. This can have a positive impact on the care of the older adult population.
Administrators should ensure that nurses with a post-basic geriatric certification are able to maximize their scope of practice. Specifically, we recommend nurse managers to leverage the results of this study and advocate for nurses to fulfill their full potential in their scope of practice.
Childhood abuse could potentially cause negative health consequences later in life, where they influence individuals' physiological, psychological, and behavioral health. Screening for ACEs is not widely incorporated during routine primary healthcare. The information about past childhood abuse screening among adult patients is elusive. The aim of the study was to investigate healthcare providers (HCPs) practices, skills, attitudes, and perceived barriers related to past childhood abuse screening among adult patients in Saudi Arabia.
Cross-sectional study.
Data were collected from healthcare facilities in the Riyadh and Madinah regions of Saudi Arabia using a self-reported questionnaire.
A total of 126 HCPs completed the survey. Less than one-third of the HCPs reported routinely (usually or always) screening for childhood abuse. HCPs were more concerned that they would offend their patients by examining history of adversities. HCP practice location, the extent to which they think it is part of their responsibilities to screen for history of adversities, and their self-reported of adverse childhood experiences were significantly associated with screening practices for childhood abuse. Four perceived barriers were significantly associated with HCP screening.
Screening for past adversities is vital for identifying childhood trauma among the public; therefore, we might participate in reducing childhood trauma and further controlling consequences in the future. Developing a screening form for childhood abuse or adversities and providing this form in healthcare settings are appropriate at this stage.
Early screening for ACEs is recommended, which prioritizes health promotion and disease prevention. It is highly needed to increase HCP awareness toward childhood abuse, screening for it, and reflection on it.
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a global public health concern affecting women's health and quality of life, leading to productivity loss and increased medical expenses. As a non-pharmacological intervention, auricular acupoint therapy (AAT) has been increasingly applied to treat PD, but the overall effectiveness remains unclear.
The aim of this review was to synthesize the effects of AAT targeting menstrual pain among females with PD.
Eight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data) and three registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN Registry and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry) were searched to identify existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to 21 August 2022. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted the data, and appraised the methodological quality and the evidence strength using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and the GRADE approach.
A total of 793 participants from 11 RCTs were included. Despite substantial heterogeneity, AAT was more effective in reducing menstrual pain and related symptoms than placebo and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). No significant subgroup differences were found between study locations as well as invasiveness, duration, type, acupoints number, ear selection and provider of AAT. Only minor adverse effects of AAT were reported.
AAT can help women with PD, particularly those who are refrained from pharmaceuticals. Primary healthcare professionals, including nurses, can be well-equipped to provide evidence-based and effective AAT for people with PD. AAT can be used in a broader global clinical community. To provide an optimal effect and have wider usability, a unified practice standard is required, which would necessitate further adaptation of clinical care of people with PD. AAT effectively decreased menstrual pain and other accompanying symptoms of PD. More research is needed to identify effective AAT features and explore optimal therapy regimes for PD.
The purpose of this study was to identify coping strategies, resources, and strengths that predict well-being in a community-based sample of youth with varying levels of adversity.
Grounded in the resilience portfolio model, we used a mixed methods approach with data from a cross-sectional sample of 231 youth ages 8–17.
Data were collected using a survey, participant-generated timeline activity, and brief interview. Measures included assessments of coping and appraisal, resilience resources and assets, and subjective well-being and depression.
Active and passive coping strategies predicted subjective well-being and depression. Controlling for demographics and coping, meaning making strengths and supportive relationships were significant predictors of subjective well-being and lower depression, and decreased the impact of adversity on these outcomes.
The results of this study provide support for the resilience portfolio model in a community-based sample of youth, with relationships as predicted for subjective well-being and symptoms of depression. For both outcomes, family relationships held the strongest associations with positive well-being and lower symptoms of depression. Supportive relationships with peers, meaning making strengths, interpersonal strengths, less passive coping, and fewer adverse life events were also associated with better outcomes.
These findings underscore the need to assess youth resources and strengths and to design interventions that target these protective factors for all youth, regardless of exposure to adversity.
A theory-informed understanding of resources and strengths that predict youth well-being is essential to inform strengths-based interventions for pediatric research and practice. The resilience portfolio model is a useful framework for understanding predictors of youth well-being.
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