Conectar
by Xuying Zhang, Johanna Mainzer, Isabella Giambra, Tong Yin, Petra Engel, Hannah Hümmelchen, Henrik Wagner, Axel Wehrend, Christiane Egerer, Katharina Gerhards, Gerald Reiner, Sven König
Long tails trigger tail biting in pigs and increase the risk of flystrike infections in sheep. Tail docking has been a common management practice in both species for decades, but increasingly conflicts with legal animal welfare guidelines. Sustainable solutions require breeding strategies targeting shorter tails. In consequence, the aims were to conduct whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and comparative genomic analyses (CGA) to explore functional elements influencing tail traits. Phenotypically divergent experimental populations of pigs and sheep were established through unified selection and mating experiments. Tail traits included tail length (TL) measured at birth, and tail abnormalities (TA) assessed radiographically at 14 weeks of age. WGS-based GWAS identified a significant locus on SSC18 in pigs and suggestive loci for TL in both species, which, together with previously reported loci for TA, were further analyzed by CGA. The genomic windows of the significant locus on SSC18 in pigs and the TL GWAS locus on OAR4 in sheep were found to be conserved, harboring six common genes with predicted functional variants. These variants were jointly associated with TL (Plm ) in both species in linear regression models adjusted for sex, age of the dam, body length, and body weight. In other GWAS locus windows (±1 Mb), species-specific TL candidate genes were identified in sheep (HOXB13, MUC5B, EPB41L3, MTCL1, PIEZO2, MPPE1, and LOXHD1) and in pigs (KNL1, DISP2, SPRED1, TGFB2, and HAND1), each harboring associated putative functional variants. For TA, sheep-specific candidates (PGM2, LRRC66, CRACD, LOC105601916, and SH2D4B) and pig-specific candidates (MYOT, TMCO6, and PCDHAC2) were revealed using logistic regression models (Pglm ). GO analyses of candidate genes predicted shared biological processes between sheep and pigs, whereas pathway analyses indicated that common carbohydrate metabolism pathways, along with species-specific immune and inflammatory signaling, and pig-specific TGF-β signaling and endochondral ossification, may contribute to tail length variation and abnormalities. These findings provided deeper insights into the genetic basis of differential embryonic tail morphogenesis and perinatal tail development across species.by Xiangxiang Kong, Lujie Karen Chen, Sancharee Hom Chowdhurry, Ryan B. Felix, Shiming Yang, Peter Hu, Neeraj Badjatia, Jamie Erin Podell
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a syndrome that occurs in a large subset of critically ill traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and is associated with complications and poor recovery. PSH is defined by recurrent episodic vital sign elevations in the appropriate clinical context. However, standard diagnostic criteria rely heavily on subjective judgment, leading to challenges and delays in recognition, monitoring, and management. The objective of this study was to develop automated PSH detection and quantification tools that exclusively utilize objective bedside continuous vital sign data. Using a cohort of 221 critically ill acute TBI patients with at least 14 days of continuous physiologic data (of which 107 were clinically diagnosed with PSH) we developed a high-resolution clinical feature scale based on established PSH-Assessment Measure criteria and two artificial intelligence-based episode detection models including an expert system approach and a machine learning model approach, using a clinician-annotated case example as ground truth. For the episode detection methods, PSH was quantified as the number, duration, and overall temporal burden of detected episodes. To evaluate performance, we compared quantifications across PSH cases and controls and explored precision and recall. All three methods demonstrated initial face validity to delineate PSH cases from non-PSH TBI controls. Future optimization and implementation of the described computational frameworks with real-time patient data could improve the standard monitoring and management of this challenging clinical syndrome.by Ploy Khongrungjarat, Chonnikan Tothong, Chanyanut Pankaew, Suchada Phimsen, Nopawit Khamto, Nutthamon Kijchalao, Warissara Wongkham, Piyathida Wongkham, Wipaporn Chuaymaung, Adsadayu Thonnondang, Apinun Limmongkon
Prenylated stilbenoids, particularly trans-arachidin-1 (Ara-1) and trans-arachidin-3 (Ara-3), have gained attention for their notable bioactivities and potential health-promoting properties. This study presents the first comprehensive investigation into the stability and biological efficacy of these compounds in both peanut hairy root culture crude extracts (PCE) and partially purified fractions derived from elicited peanut hairy root cultures. PCE stored at –20 °C and 4 °C maintained higher antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content compared to samples stored at room temperature. In cytotoxicity assays using SW480 colon cancer cells, the extract stored at –20 °C retained bioactivity with only minor changes in IC₅₀ values over three months, demonstrating superior stability under frozen conditions. Over a six-month period, partially purified fractions of Ara-1 and Ara-3 showed a time-dependent decline in compound content. However, Ara-3 maintained strong cytotoxicity against KKU-100 cholangiocarcinoma cells, while Ara-1 exhibited a significant loss in activity. These findings demonstrate that low-temperature storage, particularly at –20 °C, is crucial for preserving the chemical integrity and bioactivity of stilbenoid-rich extracts. The study underscores the importance of optimizing storage conditions to ensure consistent bioactivity, supporting the potential application of these compounds in the development of stable and effective pharmaceutical or nutraceutical products.by Mario Alejandro Mercado Mendoza, Armando Sánchez Vargas, Pierre Mokondoko
Landslides threaten sustainable development through economic and human losses. This study integrates machine learning methods to construct susceptibility maps, including topographic-hydrological indicators, to improve the inclusion of earthflow landslides. Furthermore, we aim to find relationships between landslide susceptibility and social lag using Copula models and SHAP values. Results reveal differentiated dependence across different partitions. Specifically, we found regime-specific co-occurrences of high social lag and high landslide susceptibility areas in steep, deprived areas, contrasting resilient affluent zones. Educational deprivation emerges as the top vulnerability factor, followed by healthcare access, overcrowding, and housing deficits. Highlighting spatial inequities, the analysis advocates targeted interventions blending slope stabilization and social policies.by Emelia Konadu Danso, Prince Asare, Amanda Yaa Tetteh, Phillip Tetteh, Augustine Asare Boadu, Ivy Naa Koshie Lamptey, Augustina Angelina Sylverken, Kwasi Obiri-Danso, Jane Sandra Afriyie-Mensah, Abraham Adjei, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
Drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are intersecting epidemics that complicate management of both diseases and worsen patient outcomes. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 758 GeneXpert-confirmed pulmonary TB patients, of whom 75 had DM. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and anthropometric data were collected at baseline. Sputum samples were cultured for mycobacterial isolation, and the obtained isolates were characterized for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) lineage and drug-susceptibility testing using spoligotyping and microplate alamar blue assay. The TB-diabetes (TB-DM) comorbid cohort was older [TB-DM: 53/75 (70.7%) vs. 241/683 (35.3%) aged 41–60 years) (pby Melissa M. Baker, Lyonel Nerolin Doffou Assalé, David Doledec, Romance Dissieka, Ahmenan Claude Liliane Konan, Agnes Helen Epse Assagou Mobio, Koffi Landry Kouadio, Oka René Kouamé, Ama Emilienne Yao, Hubert Zirimwabagabo
BackgroundWhile recent data on vitamin A deficiency (VAD) prevalence is lacking, the 2004 Côte d’Ivoire Nutrition and Mortality Survey reported that 26.7% of children aged 6–59 months were affected by VAD, and approximately 60% were at risk. Since 2016, the government has transitioned from mass campaigns to routine vitamin A supplementation (VAS) delivery integrated into health services. However, evidence on the cost-effectiveness of the routine distribution approaches is limited. This study evaluated the cost, coverage, and cost-effectiveness of three routine VAS delivery strategies across two health districts in northern Côte d’Ivoire.
MethodsA mixed-methods study evaluated three routine VAS delivery strategies – routine-fixed, advanced community-based, and catch-up – across two health districts, Ferkessédougou and Niakaramadougou, in northern Côte d’Ivoire. The quantitative cost data were collected via a structured tool covering six cost categories: planning, procurement, training, social mobilization, distribution, and supervision. VAS coverage was assessed through a post-event coverage survey (PECS) via a two-stage cluster sampling methodology. A cost-effectiveness analysis determined the cost per child supplemented, the cost per DALY averted, and a sensitivity analysis tested the robustness of the findings under different cost scenarios.
ResultsThe total program cost for July-December 2023 was 25.5 million FCFA, with personnel costs comprising over 70% of expenditures. In Ferkessédougou, the routine advanced community-based strategy was the most cost-effective, at 458 FCFA per child in rural areas (versus 596 FCFA for the routine-fixed facility-based approach in the same area). In Niakaramadougou, the December catch-up was more cost-effective in rural areas (606 FCFA per child) than the routine-fixed approach (714 FCFA). Across both districts combined, the routine-fixed strategy averaged roughly 651 FCFA per child supplemented, and the cost per DALY averted ranged from 30,093 FCFA (advanced strategy in Ferkessédougou) to 89,550 FCFA (catch-up Jul 2023 in Niakaramadougou) – all below Côte d’Ivoire’s cost-effectiveness threshold (0.5 x GDP per capita; approximately USD 1,265).
ConclusionAll three strategies were cost-effective, though the advanced community-based strategy achieved the best balance of reach and efficiency. Scaling advanced strategies within health system constraints may enhance sustainability and coverage in low-resource settings.
by Forgive Awo Norvivor, Elijah Kwasi Peprah, Doreen Danso, Obed Woani Konutse
IntroductionOccupational pesticide exposure poses significant health risks, particularly among smallholder farmers in developing countries like Ghana, where such exposures are common due to widespread subsistence agricultural activities. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Ghana is responsible for registering and monitoring pesticide use and regulating the presence of unregistered or banned products on the local market; however, this regulation is ineffective. Farmers frequently acquire pesticides directly from vendors who may not possess sufficient training, and the lack of stringent measures facilitates the accessibility of hazardous products. Furthermore, while regulations mandate safe handling and disposal practices, there are also possible oversights at the community level, leaving farmers largely dependent on their own knowledge, practices, or what they have learnt from other colleagues. This study explores the safety practices, perceived exposure levels, and awareness among rural farmers in the Hohoe municipality of Ghana.
MethodsA qualitative ethnographic approach was adopted, involving in-depth interviews with 13 purposively selected farmers with over five years of farming experience. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews guide informed by prior literature. Thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti version 25, with open and selective coding techniques.
ResultsFour major themes emerged: knowledge and practices of pesticide use, health risks and exposure, safety practices, pesticide storage and disposal. Most farmers (approximately 10 out of 13) reported using Glyphosate as their primary herbicide, followed by Paraquat Dichloride and 2,4-D, relying on vendor recommendations for application methods. Common health complaints included eye and skin irritation, waist pain, and temporary vision loss. While some farmers used PPE like boots and gloves, many lacked complete protective gear, especially eye protection. Pesticide containers were often stored at home or discarded on farms or by burning, indicating poor disposal practices. Awareness of pesticide expiry dates and proper dosage was inconsistent.
ConclusionThe study reveals substantial gaps in pesticide safety knowledge and practices among rural farmers, posing significant public health risks. Targeted interventions, including regular training on safe pesticide handling, PPE use, and environmentally sound disposal methods, are critical to reducing occupational exposure and its associated health burdens.
by Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko, Agnieszka Kubik-Komar, Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska, Agata Konarska, Aneta Sulborska-Różycka
Grass pollen grains cause allergic reactions in a large portion of the global population. Aerobiological monitoring provides a valuable method for assessing plant responses to climate change. Wind-pollinated plants exhibit varying responses to climate shifts, and this study aimed to analyze long-term trends in Poaceae pollen concentration in Lublin (Poland) from 2001 to 2022. Pollen seasons were analyzed using the volumetric method. The following parameters were assessed for each season: onset, end, duration, peak value, date of peak, number of high-pollen days, and annual pollen sum. Meteorological data were collected for the same period. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation to examine relationships between pollen season parameters and meteorological factors, and multivariate regression models were developed to explore the influence of specific climate variables on pollen season dynamics. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for visual comparisons of grass seasons. The analysis revealed a significant decline in the annual pollen sum, the July pollen sum, and the number of high pollen days, with the most substantial changes occurring in July. The decrease in the annual pollen sum was significantly associated with lower humidity in March and May and higher temperatures in June. Peak pollen values were negatively correlated with increased sunshine in March and April and positively correlated with humidity in March and May, while humidity levels strongly influenced the number of high-pollen days. The intensity of the grass pollen season notably weakened after 2011, in alignment with broader trends observed across Europe, attributed to climate change. These findings highlight the substantial influence of climatic variables on the grass pollen season, with implications for individuals with respiratory allergies. The results also underscore the broader public health and ecological impacts of climate change, suggesting the need for continued monitoring and adaptive measures.by Oumarou I. Wone Adama, Iman Frédéric Youa, Alexandra Bitty-Anderson, Arnold Junior Sadio, Rogatien Comlan Atoun, Yao Rodion Konu, Hezouwe Tchade, Martin Kouame Tchankoni, Kokou Herbert Gounon, Kparakate Bouboune Kota-Mamah, Abissouwessim Egbare Tchade, Godonou Amivi Mawussi, Fiali Ayawa Lack, Fifonsi Adjidossi Gbeasor-Komlavi, Anoumou Claver Dagnra, Didier Koumavi Ekouevi
IntroductionIn Togo, the syndromic approach is used for the diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the syndromic approach for diagnosis of STIs among female sex workers (FSW) in Lomé, Togo.
MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out from September to October 2023 among FSW in Lomé (Togo). FSW aged 18 years and above were included. A gynecological examination was performed for syndromic diagnosis, and the Xpert® CT/NG were used to screen vaginal swabs for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). The performance (predictive values) of the syndromic approach to STI diagnosis was evaluated using the Xpert® CT/NG test as the gold standard.
ResultsA total of 357 FSW were recruited. The median age of FSW was 32 years (IQR: [26–40 years]) and 8.2% had attained a higher level of education. The prevalence of syndromic STI among FSW was 33.3%. Vaginal swabs were positive for CT (8.4%) and NG (8.7%), with a prevalence of bacterial STIs (CT and/or NG) of 14.3%. The syndromic approach to STI diagnosis demonstrated a positive predictive value of 24.3%.
ConclusionThe prevalence of STIs is relatively high among FSW in Lomé. According to this study, the diagnosis of STIs using the syndromic approach has limited relevance. National STI screening and management policies urgently need to be rethought, incorporating recent technological advances.
by Jack Jefferson, Claire Reigate, Alessandra Giacomini, M. Jordana Rivero, Matthew Hitchings, Tamsyn Uren Webster, Konstans Wells
Livestock grazing in confined pastures often means grazing on a less diverse diet than under more natural conditions and increased exposure to gastrointestinal parasites prevailing in these pastures. However, how sward composition influences gut microbiome (GM) diversity and its relationship with parasite burden remains poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the faecal GM of weaned lambs grazing on two distinct sward types (perennial ryegrass and a mixed-species sward) over three consecutive months using 16S rRNA sequencing, in order to assess how microbial diversity and composition are related to environmental conditions and the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) burden in naturally infected lambs. Sward type and sampling time explained some of the variation in GM alpha diversity and community composition (beta diversity), whereas individual lamb identity accounted for considerably more variation in microbial assemblages. Shifts in the relative abundance of bacterial genera such as Saccharofermentans, Anaerosporobacter, Butyrivibrio in relation to sward type and sampling time suggest mostly adaptive fluctuations in response to diet and pasture condition. Abundance shifts of Negativibacillus, and Candidatus Saccharimonas were also associated with GIN burden, which, in turn, was higher in lambs grazing on mixed swards compared to ryegrass. Our findings add to the growing understanding of how sheep microbiomes vary with pasture management and changes in parasite burden. We highlight that individual identity may shape gut microbiota, and that potential triadic interactions among gastrointestinal parasites, sward exposure, and the gut microbiome underscore the importance of considering host, parasite, and environmental factors collectively when evaluating microbiome dynamics in grazing livestock.by Mesay Milkias, Semagn Mekonnen, Hailemariam Getachew, Hailemariam Mulugeta, Siraj Ahmed, Melkamu Kebede, Belete Destaw, Medhanit Melese, Zemedu Aweke
BackgroundPost-operative pain is among the major post-cesarean problems, with an incidence ranging from 25.5% to 80%. Despite its simplicity, the effectiveness of wound infiltration with a mixture of bupivacaine and tramadol is still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to compare the analgesic effectiveness of wound infiltration with bupivacaine versus a combination of bupivacaine and tramadol for postoperative pain management among parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
MethodologyA double-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 parturients. Parturients were randomized to take either bupivacaine (B = 30) or a combination of bupivacaine and tramadol (BT = 30). The homogeneity of variance was assessed using Levene’s test, and normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A numeric rating scale was used to measure pain severity. The independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, respectively, for parametric and non-parametric data. A generalized estimating equation was used to assess repeated measurements.
ResultIn total, 60 parturients were analyzed with no dropouts. The severity of pain at the 6th hour was six times greater in the B group compared to the BT group (OR = 6.289, CI, 2.097–18.858, P = 0.001). The mean tramadol consumption was lower in the BT group (140.00 ± 48.066 mg) than in the B group (175.00 ± 34.114 mg), with a statistically significant mean difference of 10.761 (95% CI, 13.459 to 56.541), t (58) = 3.252, P = 0.002, (d = 0.839). The mean first analgesia request time was higher in the mixture of the BT group (367.33 ± 50.099 min) than in the B group (216.33 ± 68.744 min), with a statistically significant difference of 15.530 (95% CI, −182.087 to −119.913), t (58) = 5.6553, P = 0.001.
ConclusionWound infiltration with a combination of bupivacaine and tramadol is more effective than bupivacaine alone for postoperative analgesia in pregnant patients who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. This clinical trial study was registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry with a unique trial registration number of PACTR202310525672884 (13/10/2023).
FreshRSS