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The aim of this scoping review was to identify hard-to-reach and hidden groups in health-related research and to understand the recruitment methods used with these groups.
The presented scoping review has an exploratory perspectiveand was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
A comprehensive search of CINAHL and MEDLINE databases was performed for studies published up to November 2022. The searches were updated in December 2024.
Relevant papers were identified via specific search terms and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two authors independently assessed eligible literature and extracted relevant data, which was analysed and synthesised to answer the research questions. The analysis method used was descriptive analysis with quantification.
Overall, 1024 studies were screened. The included studies were published between 2001 and 2022. A total of 41 studies were included in the review. In this data, groups were defined mostly as hard-to-reach and hidden. The groups were divided into eight categories: LGBTQ+ community, intoxicant users, sex workers and their clients, marginalised groups, mental health care seekers and users, impaired persons, people living outside their original home country and victims of abuse or neglect. Recruitment methods were varied, with snowball sampling, respondent-based sampling and websites being the most used.
This review provides insight into the current knowledge on hard-to-reach and hidden study groups. In studies targeting hard-to-reach and hidden groups, the use of concepts is variable and inconsistent.
In clinical nursing practice, it is important to identify hidden and hard-to-reach groups, as the goal of equality is to improve the health and well-being of all individuals, including marginalised groups.
Reporting was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis ex-tension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).
No patient or public contribution.
A assistência psiquiátrica brasileira começou nas Santas Casas de Misericórdia até o surgimento dos hospitais psiquiátricos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar vestígios do cuidado de enfermagem em psiquiatria nas primeiras instituições criadas no estado do Piauí, região Nordeste do Brasil e analisar suas relações com a institucionalização deste grupo na primeira metade do
século XX. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, histórico social, com dados publicados na mídia jornalística, coletados em arquivos públicos brasileiros. A análise, sob o referencial teórico foucaultiano, seguiu a metodologia de triangulação das fontes e interpretação de dados. Resultados: duas instituições iniciaram a assistência psiquiátrica no estado: o Asylo de Alienados, instituição pública criada em 1907, e o Sanatório Meduna, instituição privada inaugurada em 1954. Apesar do intervalo de 47 anos entre tais instituições, ambas instituíram o modelo manicomial, cuja prática assistencial incluía longos períodos de internação e tratamento disciplinar. Tal modelo abriu o mercado de trabalho para a enfermagem em psiquiatria, que se constituiu inicialmente de pessoas sem preparo formal, devido a inexistência de cursos de enfermagem no estado. Conclusão: o cuidado de enfermagem em psiquiatria foi institucionalizado no
Piauí/Brasil de acordo com a psiquiatria tradicional e a ausência de um saber próprio da enfermagem a colocou em condições de submissão ao poder médico, com poucos avanços na primeira metade do século XX.
La enfermería es una disciplina relativamente joven y con un prometedor futuro. Un aspecto para considerar puede ser el papel que en tanto disciplina científica pueda desarrollar como puente en la disputa entre la cultura científica y la humanística. Para ello se analiza en qué consiste el problema de la tercera cultura, se examina lo que pudo ser un ejemplo de búsqueda de esa tercera cultura en la educación y, finalmente, se hace referencia a la enfermería como ese punto arquemídeo que bien pudiera hacer de pasarela entre esas dos orillas antitéticas.
Por otra parte, estas reflexiones pondrán al descubierto la necesidad de una reflexión profunda y pausada sobre los fundamentos sustanciales (epistemológicos) de la disciplina. Está en juego el establecimiento de la disciplina enfermera como autónoma y, al mismo tiempo, su legitimación científica, alejándola del permanente espejismo de entenderla como secundaria o vicaria respecto de otras.
by Carlos Miguel Sirvent-Ruiz, María Miranda, María de la Villa Moral-Jiménez
BackgroundWithdrawal from addiction treatment is a frequent but difficult-to-predict contingency. We clarify and contextualize the concept of dropouts in addiction treatment, as well as the external and internal elements that most frequently lead to such dropouts. The main instruments used to measure dropout are summarized, after which a new tool, Predictors of Dropout from Addiction Treatment (PDAT) scale, is presented. The PDAT consists of four factors: 1) Motivation: desire to recover and to actively engage in current treatment; 2) Craving: longing for the use of substances and/or the substance addiction environment; 3) Problem awareness: level of insight, or degree of knowledge, and ability to objectify the problem and the disease, with the renunciations and limitations that this entails; and 4) Dysphoria: dyade inner restlessness – moodiness, i.e., emotional disturbance and depressive anticipation that precedes treatment withdrawal.
MethodsThe sample consisted of 243 addicted subjects in residential treatment, ranging in age from 18 to 63 years (average = 38.43, standard deviation = 10.95), who completed an initial 26-item PDAT questionnaire. The factor structure of the PDAT was determined by factor analysis. Mixed effects logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analyses were applied to assess the predictive validity of the PDAT. Results: The 13-item PDAT showed adequate reliability and convergent and discriminant validity, with both the general scale and each of its factors having predictive validity 7 and 15 days after administration.
ConclusionThe scale is a useful instrument with proven clinical efficacy and brevity of application. In addition, its four factors are useful for targeting interventions based on the unbalanced factors.
This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Lebanese population regarding thermal burns to inform targeted interventions. Using a cross-sectional design, data was collected from 1090 participants though a structured questionnaire. Key findings revealed a mean knowledge score of 14.89/20, indicating moderate understanding, with gaps in identifying third-degree burns and optimal cooling durations. Attitudes scores averaged 36.97/50, reflecting a strong support for burn prevention but low confidence in first aid. Practices scored 12.37/20, with many participants adhering to safety measures but relying on unverified remedies and lacking emergency preparedness. Significant correlations were found between the three domains, particularly between knowledge and practices (r = 0.328, p < 0.001), emphasising the role of education and attitudes in shaping behaviours. Multivariate analysis identified formal first aid training, education, and urban residency as strong predictors across all three domains, while older age negatively influenced knowledge. These results underscore the need for culturally tailored education and enhanced training to address gaps in burn prevention and management among the Lebanese population.
by Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho, Maria de Lourdes Marmorato Botta Hafner, Zilda Maria Tosta Ribeiro, Alba Regina de Abreu Lima, Leandro Arthur Diehl, Neide Tomimura Costa, Maria Cristina de Andrade, Samira Yarak, Patrícia Moretti Rehder, Júlio César Moriguti, Angélica Maria Bicudo
BackgroundIt has been proposed that the school origin of items for cross-institutional Progress Tests (PTs) may introduce a bias in favour of students from the same school, posing a potential threat to the validity and reliability of PT results and cross-institutional comparisons. The aim of this study was to examine whether origin bias is present in a Brazilian cross-institutional PT examination.
MethodsThis study conducted a cross-sectional analysis of seven schools affiliated with the oldest PT consortium in Brazil, utilising a pooled analysis of differences in students’ performance concerning self and non-self items. A proportional meta-analysis of the items’ rate differences and confidence intervals with random effects was performed, providing an odds ratio (OR) for self and non-self items. Differences between the two groups of items were assessed by scrutinising whether the OR and 95% confidence intervals overlapped.
ResultsThe findings indicated no discernible differences in psychometric indices based on the school responsible for item creation. Three schools consistently demonstrate superior performance on items authored by their faculty, however, these they also excelled on non-self items. Furthermore, an overlap in the 95% confidence intervals for both self and non-self items was observed across all seven schools.
ConclusionsIn contrast to prior reports, this study revealed the absence of origin bias, suggesting that adoption of best practices in blueprinting, item writing, and editing may have played a role in mitigating such bias.
Providing support to second victims in workplaces is crucial for maintaining high-quality performance. Peer support approach has proven to be one of the most effective and well-accepted approaches. However, the specific competencies required for peer supporters remain unclear. This review aims to address this gap by identifying and categorising these competencies.
This scoping review examines the competencies (skills, attitudes and knowledge) needed to support workers where the pressure of their roles may lead to errors that could cause harm to others. In such situations, these individuals may experience intense feelings of responsibility, potentially impacting their ability to perform their duties. In the healthcare sector, these workers are commonly referred to as ‘second victims’.
This review includes studies that define the competencies necessary for peer supporters assisting second victims in any industry. It covers all professional roles susceptible to human errors affecting people’s well-being. The focus is on peer support and psychological first aid, encompassing relevant competencies, attitudes and knowledge for addressing safety-related incidents and workplace errors.
The scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Studies were identified through a comprehensive search of databases, including Embase, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. References from eligible studies were also considered.
Data were extracted and categorised into competency domains through a standardised process. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction, with discrepancies resolved by consensus.
A total of 34 studies were included in the review. Across five identified domains, 91 specific and 30 general competencies were categorised. Additionally, the review identified 29 types of peer-based interventions designed to support professionals following incidents or stressful situations.
The findings underscore the need for well-defined competencies for peer supporters of second victims, emphasising training in communication, emotional support and role-specific knowledge. Tailoring peer support programmes to the professional context and industry-specific characteristics is essential for providing effective assistance.
by Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Safaa I. Khater, Hemmat M. Eissa, Helal F. Al-Harthi, Areej A. Eskandrani, Mohammed Ageeli Hakami, Wafa S. Alansari, Amirah Albaqami, Hanan M. Alharbi, Tarek Khamis, Doaa Ibrahim
The medicinal application of pomegranate peel extract enriched with polyphenols (PPE) as a therapeutic strategy for managing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is still limited. Integrating pomegranate peel extract (PPE) into an effective nanocarrier system could enhance its mechanistic actions, potentially aiding in the remission of colitis. Therefore, this approach aimed to enhance PPE’s stability and bioavailability and investigate mitigating impact of pomegranate peel extract-loaded nanoparticles (PPE-NPs) in a colitis model. Colonic injury was induced by 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and efficacy of disease progression after oral administration of PPE-NPs for 14 days was assessed by evaluating clinical signs severity, antioxidant and inflammatory markers, expressions of endoplasmic reticulum associated genes and histopathological and immunostaining analysis in colonic tissues. Clinical signs and disease activity index were effectively reduced, and the levels of fecal calprotectin were decreased in groups treated with PPE-NPs compared to DSS group. The colitic group showed a significant increase (P IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β (increased up to 2.99, 4.36 and 4.90 respectively unlike PPE-NPsIII that recorded reduced levels of CRP, MPO and NO (8,96, 78.30 and 123 nmol/g tissue respectively) and much lower (P CHOP, JUNK, ATF6, BIP, and Elf-2) and immunostaining expression regulation of key markers regulating autophagy (Beclin-2) in this group. The histopathological changes in the colon were less severe in the PPE-NPs received groups (especially at the level of 150 mg/kg) compared to DSS group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the nanoencapsulation of PPE enhances its effectiveness in promoting recovery of colonic tissue damage and achieving remission of colitis.To examine the impact of climate anxiety on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with COPD. It also explores how climate anxiety interacts with clinical factors, such as disease severity and comorbidities, to influence QoL.
Cross-sectional.
A total of 270 COPD patients were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through structured interviews and clinical assessments, incorporating the Climate Anxiety Scale, the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire and the BODE Index. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of QoL.
The study found a statistically significant association between climate anxiety and both QoL (r = 0.81, p < 0.01) and COPD severity (r = 0.76, p < 0.01). COPD severity (B = 4.68, p < 0.01) and climate anxiety (B = 0.28, p < 0.01) were predictors of QoL. Among the covariates, former smokers, older patients and multiple comorbidities reported significantly worse QoL (B = 4.80, p = 0.03; B = 0.43, p < 0.01; B = 0.85, p = 0.02, respectively). Collectively all predictors explained 86% of the variance in QoL.
Climate anxiety significantly contributes to reduced QoL in COPD patients, beyond disease severity and demographic factors. Addressing psychological distress in COPD management is essential to improving patient outcomes.
Nurses should recognise climate anxiety as a key variable influencing COPD management. Incorporating climate anxiety screening into nursing assessments and providing targeted interventions can enhance patient support and improve overall COPD care.
Climate anxiety is an emerging concern in COPD. While previous research has focused on physical and clinical determinants of COPD-related QoL, climate anxiety remains underexplored. This study provides new evidence that climate anxiety is a predictor of poorer QoL, highlighting the need for holistic nursing interventions that address both physical and psychological health.
This study was reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).
Patients with COPD were involved in this study.
by Eugénie M. Kamabu, Justin L. Paluku, William P. Howlett, Abid M. Sadiq, Eliada B. Nziku, Doreen T. Eliah, Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim Muhina, Fuad H. Said, Tumaini E. Mirai, Elifuraha W. Mkwizu, Furaha S. Lyamuya, Elichilia R. Shao, Kajiru G. Kilonzo, Venance P. Maro, Sarah J. Urasa, Nyasatu G. Chamba
BackgroundAmong acute stroke patients (ASPs), diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a higher risk of death, functional dependency, and recurrence. This study aimed to determine the impact of DM on the 30-day mortality among admitted ASPs in northern Tanzania.
Materials and methodsThis was a hospital-based prospective cohort study performed among ASPs with and without DM who were admitted to Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre from November 2022 to May2023. ASPs were followed for 30 days after the onset of an acute stroke to identify the primary outcome, which was all-cause mortality. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and survival analysis were conducted,
ResultsOut of 213 ASP, 82 (38.5%) had DM. The overall crude mortality rate was 46.9%. ASPs with DM had a higher mortality rate of 53.7% compared with those without DM (42.7%). A higher proportion of acute stroke patients with DM (84.1%) had a poor outcome (mRS 3-6) (p = 0.038). DM was statistically non-significant for 30-day mortality (aHR 1.56; 95% CI: 0.73–3.32; p = 0.252). However, fever (p = 0.005), severe admission Glasgow coma scale (p = 0.005), severe stroke (p = 0.008), elevated serum creatinine (p = 0.008), and an abnormal respiratory pattern (p = 0.042), were predictors of 30-day mortality,
ConclusionThis study demonstrated a high mortality in ASPs. Although DM did not have a significant impact on 30-day mortality, other factors, such as altered mental state, stroke severity, fever, elevated creatinine, and abnormal respiration, need to be accounted for that may have a significant impact on the mortality in ASPs. These findings highlight the significant burden of DM in stroke patients and underscore the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of ASPs, in the hopes of improving clinical practice and guidelines and reducing morbidity and mortality in Tanzania.
The HOLA study is a 12-month randomised, hybrid implementation-effectiveness, phase IV, double-arm, open-label, multicentric study including virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PWH). HOLA, which started in September 2023, evaluates acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility and satisfaction of out-of-hospital administration of cabotegravir and rilpivirine long-acting (CAB+RPV LA).
A total of 110 PWH who are already under treatment with CAB+RPV LA or switch their antiretroviral therapy to CAB+RPV LA will be recruited from two main hospitals in Barcelona (Germans Trias I Pujol and Vall d’Hebrón) and Costa del Sol Hospital, in Marbella. The patients will be randomised 1:1 into a hospital group (administration of CAB+RPV LA in the hospital) and the outpatient group (out-of-hospital administration), including community or primary care centres. The main objectives of the study are to compare the acceptability at month 12 of the administration of CAB+RPV LA in and out-of-hospital centres from the perspective of patients, and assess and compare the safety and tolerability of CAB+RPV LA. The study takes place at nine clinical units in Catalonia and Andalusia (three tertiary hospitals (recruiting centres), one community centre, one sexually transmitted infection clinic and four primary care centres).
The current publication refers to V.3.0 of the protocol, with issue date 14 April 2024, as approved by the Comité de Ética de la Investigación con medicamentos del Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (approval number AC-23-042-HGT-CEIM). The clinical trial will be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013. This study will be conducted according to Spanish regulations regarding clinical trials (Royal Decree 1090/2015) and biomedical investigations (Organic Law 14/2007 of biomedical investigation and the Royal Decree 1716/2011), and the Clinical Trial Regulation (Regulation EU No 536/2014). Confidentiality requirements will follow the required Data Protection legislation. Enrolment completion in the study is expected by the end of May 2024, with an end of study expected in May 2025. Results emerging from this study will be reported in HIV national and international meetings as well as published in international journals with a high impact factor. If the outcome is deemed positive, we will also develop and propose policy guidelines for the integration of the administration of CAB+RPV LA in alternative outpatient facilities into the standard of care in the HIV care pathway.
NCT06185452/EUCT number: 2023-503963-41-00.
Objetivo. Analizar la prevalencia de la automedicación y su relación con la capacidad de autocuidado en estudiantes del Centro de Ciencias de la Salud de una universidad pública. Metodología. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, relacional y observacional con una muestra de 330 estudiantes seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos validados para medir la automedicación y la capacidad de autocuidado, además de un formulario para variables sociodemográficas. Los datos se analizaron con SPSS versión 25, utilizando pruebas de normalidad, independencia y Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados. El 81,5% de los estudiantes presentó una capacidad media de autocuidado, mientras que el 18,5% tuvo una capacidad alta. No se encontraron estudiantes con baja capacidad de autocuidado. La prevalencia de la automedicación fue del 73,9%, siendo los fármacos más comunes antidiarreicos (10,6%), anfetaminas (10%), anticonceptivos orales y acetaminofén (7,6% cada uno). Los síntomas principales para automedicarse fueron dolor estomacal (9,7%), desgano/agotamiento (9,4%) y dolor de cabeza (9,1%). La carrera de Enfermería mostró la mayor prevalencia de automedicación (80,6%), seguida de Terapia Física (78,6%) y Medicina (76,4%). Se identificó dependencia estadísticamente significativa entre automedicación y capacidad de autocuidado. Discusión. Existe alta prevalencia de automedicación entre los estudiantes del área de salud. Es crucial reevaluar la independencia de ambas variables y abordar los factores que llevan a los estudiantes a automedicarse, ya que este comportamiento podría afectar su capacidad para proporcionar cuidados seguros y adecuados a los pacientes. Aun cuando no hay independencia entre variables.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To analyze the prevalence of self-medication and its relationship with the capacity of self-care among students of the Health Sciences Center in a public university. Methodology. A quantitative, relational and observational study was performed to a sample group of 330 students randomly selected. Two validated instruments were used to measure self-medication and self-care capacity, as well as a form for sociodemographic variables. All data were analyzed utilizing SPSS version 25, and using tests of normality, independence, and Pearson's Chi-square. Results. 81.5% of the students showed having a medium capacity of self-care, while 18.5% showed having a high capacity. Students with low self-care capacity were not found. The prevalence of self-medication was 73.9%, with the most common drugs being antidiarrheals (10.6%), amphetamines (10%), oral contraceptives, and acetaminophen (7.6% each). The main symptoms for self-medication resulted being stomach pain (9.7%), apathy / exhaustion (9.4%), and headache (9.1%). The Nursing career resulted with the highest prevalence of self-medication (80.6%), followed by Physical Therapy (78.6%) and Medicine (76.4%). A statistically significant dependency was identified between self-medication and self-care capacity. Discussion. There is a high prevalence of self-medication among health students. It is crucial to reevaluate the independence of both variables and address the factors that lead students to self-medication, as this behavior could affect their ability to provide safe and appropriate care to patients. Even when there is no independence between variables.
Introducción. El fenómeno de la muerte resulta importante para las enfermeras identifiquen fortalezas y oportunidades para el cuidado como práctica esencial en la disciplina. Objetivo. Interpretar la experiencia vivida de enfermeras al cuidado de su familiar en proceso de cronicidad y muerte. Método. Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico. Criterios de estudio: profesionales de enfermería con cualquier grado académico, ambos sexos, que hayan cuidado a familiar en casa u hospital por 6 meses o más. Se realizó la ntrevista fenomenológica en el lugar seleccionado por participante evitando la intrusión a sus modos de ser. La selección se desarrolló en cadena de referencia y alcanzó la saturación de la información teórica. Cumplió criterios de Ley General de Salud en materia de investigación. Análisis a través del círculo hermenéutico heideggeriano. Resultados. Se exploró vivencias de 6 enfermeras, edades entre 42 y 55 años. Todas profesan religión católica, y en común las siguientes unidades de significado; Ontológicamente: angustia en la impropiedad de la clínica, delegación del compromiso, sentimientos autosuficientes sin reciprocidad, responsabilidad auto asignada. Ónticamente: angustia proyectada y cansancio por la enfermedad. Discusión. Se destaca la muerte como etapa vital, fase que es inevitable. Vivir el proceso de morir es un fenómeno complejo, debe ser abordado bajo esquemas contemporáneos propiamente disciplinares. Conclusión: Ser que cuida de su familiar en este proceso crea lazo afectivo, involucrándose inconscientemente. Se coincide el alivio para evitar el sufrimiento es la muerte del familiar, y generando satisfacción de hacer menos su agonía.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The phenomenon of death is important for nurses to identify strengths and opportunities for care as an essential practice in the discipline. Objective. To interpret the lived experience of nurses caring for their relative in the process of chronicity and death. Methodology. Qualitative study with a hermeneutical phenomenological approach. Study criteria: nursing professionals with any academic degree, both genders, who have cared for a family member at home or in a hospital for 6 months or more. Phenomenological interview in the place selected by the participant, avoiding intrusion into their ways of being. The selection was developed in a reference chain and reached the saturation of the theoretical information. It met the criteria of the General Health Law regarding research. Analysis through the Heideggerian hermeneutic circle. Results. The experiences of 6 nurses, ages between 42 and 55 years, were explored. They all profess the Catholic religion, and in common the following units of meaning; Ontologically: anguish in the impropriety of the clinic, delegation of commitment, self-sufficient feelings without reciprocity, self-assigned responsibility. Ontic mind: projected anguish and fatigue due to illness. Discussion. Death is highlighted as a vital stage, a phase that is inevitable. Living the process of dying is a complex phenomenon, it must be approached under properly disciplinary contemporary schemes. Conclusion. Being that you take care of your relative in this process creates an affective bond, getting involved unconsciously. The relief to avoid suffering is the death of the family member and generating satisfaction of making their agony less.
Caregivers make an essential contribution to the self-care of patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs), but no studies have described caregiver contribution (CC) and caregiver self-efficacy in contributing to patient self-care in low-/middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to describe the CC to patient self-care and caregiver self-efficacy of patients affected by MCCs living in a low-middle-income country such as Albania.
A Multicenter cross-sectional study design was used.
A sample of 376 Albanian caregivers was enrolled if identified by the patient with MCCs as the primary unpaid informal caregiver in outpatient settings in Albania. The Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (CC-SCCII) and the Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Contributing to Patient Self-Care Scale (CSE-CSC) were used to measure the CC to patient self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management and the caregiver's confidence in their ability to contribute to patient self-care, respectively.
Participants' mean age was 48.10 (15.14) years. Most of the caregivers were women (67.9%), adult children (53.2%) or spouses (46.8%) of the patient. Regarding the CC to self-care maintenance, inadequate behaviors were observed in caregiver recommendations for physical activity (41%) and stress management (33%). In the CC to patient self-care monitoring, inadequate behaviors in recognition of symptoms were reported (20%) by caregivers. In the CC to patient self-care management, inadequate behaviors were found in caregiver ability to recognize reflecting on the effectiveness of the remedy used to manage signs and symptoms of the patient's illness (60%) and in alerting the healthcare provider (25%). Caregiver self-efficacy was lower in the ability to persist in finding a remedy for symptoms of the person for whom they care (27%) and to evaluate the effectiveness of a remedy they used (27%).
We found, on average, adequate CC to patient self-care maintenance, monitoring, management behaviors, and caregiver self-efficacy in contributing to patient self-care of MCCs, but specific CC behaviors were found to be insufficient.
This study described CC and caregiver self-efficacy in contributing to patient self-care in a low-middle-income country. This knowledge will enable healthcare professionals to identify inadequate caregiver contributions to self-care and strengthen them through targeted educational interventions, thus optimizing the scarce resources available in these contexts.
To discuss inter-organisational collaboration in the context of the successful COVID-19 vaccination programme in North Central London (NCL).
An action research study in 2023–2024.
Six action research cycles used mixed qualitative methods.
Four findings are presented which illustrate inter-organisational collaboration across professional and organisational boundaries: working in the action research group, learning to work as an action research group, working collaboratively in new ways, working outside professional, occupational and organisational silos. These themes are discussed in relation to the literature on interprofessional and inter-organisational collaboration.
The COVID-19 vaccination programme offered a way out of the pandemic. Between December 2020 and February 2022, 2.8 M people were vaccinated by the NCL Vaccination team in an example of inter-organisational collaboration between science, health and community. Staff on the vaccination programme worked inter-organisationally in new ways to achieve this. In NCL several thousand local residents joined the NHS to work with healthcare professionals including nurses, nursing associates and students to deliver the programme in new ways which are illustrative of inter-organisational collaboration.
No PPI within this study.
The implications for the profession and for healthcare organisations of the findings are that, in contrast to traditional ways of working which have been entrenched in silos of professional knowledge and expertise, health professionals are able to work in new ways and find inter-organisational work satisfying. This has implications for patients as it has the potential to improve communication between very different organisations and as the vaccination programme shows, results in successful public health vaccination rates.
This study set out to create a public resource for learning (for future pandemics or other works of national effort) to commemorate the collaborative efforts of the diverse vaccination workforce and volunteers involved in the programme. Participation in the COVID-19 vaccination programme had a profound effect on NHS clinical and professional staff, on partners across business and volunteer organisation in North Central London and on volunteers from the public in North Central London. Inter-organisation collaboration has been sustained after the delivery of the vaccination programme in North Central London; innovative ways of working have been introduced in the local community to deliver ongoing vaccinations and wider prevention activities and the partnership between academia and clinical practice. The research findings have had an impact on the research participants and the wider public through the website created as a public resource to commemorate the COVID-19 vaccination programme in North Central London.
The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) was used as a guide throughout data collection and analysis.
The public were involved as participants in this study. They did not participate in the study design.
Building nursing process competency among beginner nurses is a pivotal need in contemporary, complex, fast-paced nursing practice. However, transitioning from the educational phase to practicing as a nurse can be a significant adjustment. New practitioners often experience a period of shock, which may present challenges in developing nurse competency. Fostering system thinking among those nurses could buffer the negative signs of transition shock and cultivate nursing process competencies at earlier times.
This study explores the relationship between transition shock and nursing process competency among early career nurses and investigates the moderating effect of system thinking on this relationship.
This cross-sectional correlational exploratory study was conducted at four large hospitals in Egypt. Data were collected from 393 nurses from the first of February 2024 to the end of April 2024 using the transition shock scale, the competency of nursing process questionnaire, and the system thinking scale. Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the study variables.
A statistically significant negative correlation exists between transition shock, nursing process competency, and system thinking among early-career nurses. System thinking is positively associated with nursing process competency. System thinking positively moderates the relationship between transition shock and nursing process competency among early-career nurses. Transition shock and system thinking account for 23.9% of the variance in nursing process competency among early-career nurses.
Transition shock is an inevitable phenomenon among early-career nurses, negatively affecting their competency in the nursing process. System thinking buffers this adverse effect and significantly augments nursing process competency among this set of nurses. Predicting and mitigating transition shock among early-career nurses is pivotal in building nursing process competency. Nurse educators must develop curricula that cultivate system thinking skills among nursing students, which enables them to buffer transition shock after graduation.
by Isabela Bittencourt Basso, Pedro Felipe de Jesus Freitas, Aline Xavier Ferraz, Ana Julia Borkovski, Ana Laura Borkovski, Rosane Sampaio Santos, Rodrigo Nunes Rached, Erika Calvano Küchler, Angela Graciela Deliga Schroder, Cristiano Miranda de Araujo, Odilon Guariza-Filho
Characteristics of the mandible structures have been relevant in anthropological and forensic studies for sex prediction. This study aims to evaluate the coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch patterns in sex prediction through supervised machine learning algorithms. Cephalometric radiographs from 410 dental records of patients were screened to investigate the morphology of the coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch and the Co-Gn distance. The following machine learning algorithms were used to build the predictive models: Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). A 5-fold cross-validation approach was adopted to validate each model. Metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 Score were calculated for each model, and ROC curves were constructed. All tested variables demonstrated statistical significance (pThe evidence on products for the prevention of radiodermatitis is limited. The primary objective was to analyse the effectiveness of the spray skin protectant ‘non-burning barrier film’ in the prevention of radiodermatitis with moist desquamation in patients with the anal canal and rectal cancer followed in nursing consultations compared to a standardised moisturiser based on Calendula officinalis and Aloe barbadensis. Single-blind randomised clinical trial. The study was performed in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 63 patients undergoing anal canal and rectal cancer treatment, randomised into one of the following two groups: an experimental group, which used a spray skin protectant and a control group, which used a moisturiser. Data were collected using an initial and subsequent evaluation form and were assessed using descriptive and inferential analyses. Participants who used the spray skin protectant had a lower chance of presenting radiodermatitis with moist desquamation and a longer time without this outcome when compared to the control group. The overall incidence of radiodermatitis was 100%, with 36.5% being severe. Furthermore, 17.5% of participants discontinued radiotherapy due to radiodermatitis. There were no differences between the groups regarding the severity of radiodermatitis and the number of patients who discontinued radiotherapy. The skin protectant was effective in preventing radiodermatitis with moist desquamation amongst patients with anal canal and rectal cancer.
Objective of the study was to find the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (Fokl, Taql and Apal) with vitamin D levels in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients in South India. In this case–control study, plasma vitamin D levels and VDR genotype frequencies of 70 cases (DFU patients) were compared with 70 diabetic (diabetes mellitus [DM] [non-DFU]) patients and 70 apparently healthy controls (HC) from South India. Plasma vitamin D levels were measured using the ELISA technique, and genotyping of VDR polymorphisms was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression was used to find the association between DFU versus HC and DFU versus DM traits. Association analysis was performed based on additive, dominant and recessive models with age and gender as covariates. A 45.7% of DFU patients have sufficient vitamin D levels than 48.6% and 40% of DM patients and HC, respectively. Linkage disequilibrium analysis for DFU versus HC and DFU versus DM traits shows that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Taq1 (rs731236) and Apal (rs7975232) are in strong linkage disequilibrium in DFU patients. The alleles and genotype frequencies were similar in all three groups. Although the additive model does not show statistical significance, age and sex correlate with the three SNPs (Fokl, Taql and Apal). No association was found between VDR gene polymorphisms and vitamin D levels in DFU patients in Southern India. On the other hand, age and sex correlate with the three SNPs.
FreshRSS 