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Wildfires and deforestation potentially have direct effects on multiple health outcomes as well as indirect consequences for climate change. Tropical rainforest areas are characterised by high rainfall, humidity and temperature, and they are predominantly found in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to synthesise the methods, data and health outcomes reported in scientific papers on wildfires and deforestation in these locations.
We will carry out a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) manual for scoping reviews and the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, and Levac et al. The search for articles was performed on 18 August 2023, in 16 electronic databases using Medical Subject Headings terms and adaptations for each database from database inception. The search for local studies will be complemented by the manual search in the list of references of the studies selected to compose this review. We screened studies written in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. We included quantitative studies assessing any human disease outcome, hospitalisation and vital statistics in regions of tropical rainforest. We exclude qualitative studies and quantitative studies whose outcomes do not cover those of interest. The text screening was done by two independent reviewers. Subsequently, we will tabulate the data by the origin of the data source used, the methods and the main findings on health impacts of the extracted data. The results will provide descriptive statistics, along with visual representations in diagrams and tables, complemented by narrative summaries as detailed in the JBI guidelines.
The study does not require an ethical review as it is meta-research and uses published, deidentified secondary data sources. The submission of results for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at scientific and policymakers’ conferences is expected.
Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pnqc7/).
To assess the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalised adult patients, and to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly used nutritional screening tools for identifying individuals at risk of malnutrition.
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 248 hospitalised patients in internal medicine wards (mean age: 75.2 years; 39.5% females). Nutritional screening was performed within 48 h of admission using the following tools: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Nutrition Risk Screening Tool (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). The criteria of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) were used as the gold standard for defining malnutrition. Patients were also evaluated using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Accuracy was determined by examining sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic agreement was determined by calculation of Cohen's kappa (κ). The study is reported as per the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.
The ESPEN criteria classified 20.2% of the hospitalised patients as malnourished. Overall, the MUST had the highest sensitivity (80.0%), specificity (74.7%) and positive predictive value (44.4%). For the subgroup of patients aged >65 years, the MNA-SF had high sensitivity (94.4%) but low specificity (39.0%). Based on Cohen's κ, the SGA and GLIM criteria showed low agreement with the ESPEN criteria.
The MUST was the most accurate nutritional screening tool, through the MST is more easily applied in many clinical settings. A comprehensive assessment of malnutrition that considers muscle mass is crucial for the reliable diagnosis of malnutrition.
The present findings underscore the importance of accurate assessment of the malnutrition status of hospitalised patients and the need for a reliable screening tool.
No patient or public contribution.
Older surgical patients are more likely to be living with frailty and multimorbidity and experience postoperative complications. The management of these conditions in the perioperative pathway is evolving. In order to support objective decision-making for patients, services and national guidance, accurate, contemporary data are needed to describe the impact and associations between frailty, multimorbidity and healthcare processes with patient and service-level outcomes.
The study is comprised of an observational cohort study of approximately 7500 patients; an organisational survey of perioperative services and a clinician survey of the unplanned, medical workload generated from older surgical patients. The cohort will consist of patients who are 60 years and older, undergoing a surgical procedure during a 5-day recruitment period in participating UK hospitals. Participants will be assessed for baseline frailty and multimorbidity; postoperative morbidity including delirium; and quality of life. Data linkage will provide additional details about individuals, their admission and mortality.
The study’s primary outcome is length of stay, other outcome measures include incidence of postoperative morbidity and delirium; readmission, mortality and quality of life. The cohort’s incidence of frailty, multimorbidity and delirium will be estimated using 95% CIs. Their relationships with outcome measures will be examined using unadjusted and adjusted multilevel regression analyses. Choice of covariates in the adjusted models will be prespecified, based on directed acyclic graphs.
A parallel study is planned to take place in Australia in 2022.
The study has received approval from the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee and Wales Research Ethics Committee 7.
This work hopes to influence the development of services and guidelines. We will publish our findings in peer-reviewed journals and provide summary documents to our participants, sites, healthcare policy-makers and the public.
The RESPIRA cohort aims to describe the nature, magnitude, time course and efficacy of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, population prevalence, and household transmission of COVID-19.
From November 2020, we selected age-stratified random samples of COVID-19 cases from Costa Rica confirmed by PCR. For each case, two population-based controls, matched on age, sex and census tract were recruited, supplemented with hospitalised cases and household contacts. Participants were interviewed and blood and saliva collected for antibodies and PCR tests. Participants will be followed for 2 years to assess antibody response and infection incidence.
Recruitment included 3860 individuals: 1150 COVID-19 cases, 1999 population controls and 719 household contacts from 304 index cases. The age and regional distribution of cases was as planned, including four age strata, 30% rural and 70% urban. The control cohort had similar sex, age and regional distribution as the cases according to the study design. Among the 1999 controls recruited, 6.8% reported at enrolment having had COVID-19 and an additional 12.5% had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Compliance with visits and specimens has been close to 70% during the first 18 months of follow-up. During the study, national vaccination was implemented and nearly 90% of our cohort participants were vaccinated during follow-up.
RESPIRA will enable multiple analyses, including population prevalence of infection, clinical, behavioural, immunological and genetic risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and severity, and determinants of household transmission. We are conducting retrospective and prospective assessment of antibody levels, their determinants and their protective efficacy after infection and vaccination, the impact of long-COVID and a series of ancillary studies. Follow-up continues with bimonthly saliva collection for PCR testing and biannual blood collection for immune response analyses. Follow-up will be completed in early 2024.
by Víctor Manuel Enriquez Estrada, Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa, Omar Yaxhemen Bello-Chavolla, Carlos Fredy Cuevas-García, Pedro Luis Vargas Gutiérrez, Irma Sau-Yen Corlay Noriega, Luis Rey García-Cortés
BackgroundMobbing, particularly in medical residencies, can lead to psychological terror with lasting mental and physical health consequences. Its impact on Mexican residents, however, remains underexplored.
AimThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of psychological terror among medical residents at a medical center in Mexico City.
MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, medical residents from various specialties were assessed for mobbing domains, quality of life, and anxiety/depression using the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Psychological terror was defined as a LIPT score ≥ p80. Linear and binomial logistic regression models were used to explore independent predictors of mobbing and psychological terror.
ResultsOf the 349 participants included (median age: 28; IQR: 27–30 years), 19.5% (95% CI: 15.5%-24.0%) were identified with psychological terror. Furthermore, 39% reported higher-degree trainees as mobbing perpetrators. Women in surgical residencies in their second or fifth year were found to experience higher levels of mobbing. Manifested bullying, workplace stigma, and inappropriate tasks were the most impacted mobbing domains. Anxiety, diminished mental health quality of life, and higher degree of medical specialization were independent predictors of mobbing. Meanwhile, increased anxiety, affiliation to surgical specialties, and being in the second or fifth year of training were identified as predictors of psychological terror.
ConclusionsMobbing and psychological terror are prevalent conditions among medical residents in Mexico. Identification of occupational conditions and adverse psychological stressors can help to improve quality of life and training of medical residents.
Objetivo principal: Determinar qué autocuidados son recomendables, en los procesos de duelo, para las enfermeras. Metodología: Lectura crítica del artículo seleccionado, evaluado con la parrilla de preguntas CASPe, con los criterios propuestos por Arnau y Sala para revisiones narrativas y con The Literature Review Checklist de Leite et al. Resultados principales: Según el sistema GRADE, hablamos, en general, de Moderada Calidad de la Evidencia. Conclusión principal: Tras la lectura crítica y junto a la literatura revisada, vemos a cualquiera de las intervenciones de autocuidado propuestas por McAdam como recomendable. Aun así se hacen precisos más estudios que aporten mayor grado de evidencia en intervenciones concretas.
Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la sarcopenia en la funcionalidad de Adultos Mayores Mexicanos. Método: diseño correlacional-predictivo. Muestra: 316 adultos mayores que asistieron al centro de actividades artísticas y deportivas. Instrumentos: cédula de datos sociodemográficos-clínicos, SARC-F, índice de Barthel y escala de Lawton. Resultados: La sarcopenia tiene impacto negativo sobre las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria e influye en mayor porcentaje en las básicas convirtiéndola en variable predictora explicando un 34% las actividades de la vidia diaria y un 22% las instrumentales. Conclusiones: La sarcopenia es una variable predictora para las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria. Los resultados presentados plantean bases para futuras intervenciones multidisciplinarias para disminuir el riesgo de sarcopenia y complicaciones en quienes la padecen. Es necesario adoptar estrategias de valoración de individuos con sarcopenia o en riesgo de desarrollarla, a través de consultas en el primer nivel de atención, para prevenirla.
Objetivo: Demostrar que el uso de solución salina 0.9% es tan eficaz como la heparina sódica para mantener la permeabilidad y prevenir obstrucciones del catéter central de inserción periférica en pacientes oncológicos tratados con quimioterapia. Metodología: Estudio analítico de cohortes retrospectivo, en pacientes oncológicos portadores de un catéter central de inserción periférica para administración de quimioterapia ambulatoria en un hospital de Tarragona. Resultados: De los 103 pacientes estudiados, 4 presentaron obstrucción del catéter. La incidencia de obstrucción fue superior en catéteres heparinizados que en catéteres salinizados. Conclusión: La heparina sódica y la solución salina demuestran la misma eficacia para el mantenimiento de la permeabilidad del catéter y la prevención de obstrucciones. Además, es suficiente la salinización del catéter cada 3 semanas, suponiendo una disminución en el número de visitas al centro sanitario y, por consiguiente, una mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Objetivo principal: Comparar el número de trombosis venosas (TV) asociadas al lugar donde queda alojada su punta, en la inserción periférica del catéter venoso central de inserción periférica (PICC). Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes onco-lógicos. Resultados principales: De los 379 catéteres insertados, el 4,22% presentaron TV sintomática. De éstos, el 1,58% tenían la punta alojada en vena cava superior (VCS), y el 2,63% en subclavia. Existieron diferencias en cuanto al sexo y al diagnóstico. Conclusión principal: La correcta posición de la punta del PICC en el borde del tercio inferior de la VCS y la unión cavo-auricular es crucial para evitar la TV. Es importante conocer las complicaciones asociadas y su incidencia, para prevenirlas, reconocerlas y tratarlas adecuadamente. La inserción ecoguiada supone una técnica menos agresiva con reducción del número de trombosis y de costes sanitarios. La TV afecta la calidad de vida del paciente y su entorno conllevando, además, un aumento en el gasto sanitario.
Este caso clínico presenta la situación de un paciente de 66 años insulino requirente, quien se negó a realizar amputación digital transmetatarsiana en el pie derecho como única opción de tratamiento para el pie diabético, el paciente fue atendido en clínica de heridas donde se elaboró el plan de cuidados utilizando el modelo de enfermería de Virginia Henderson, las taxonomías de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (Nanda), Nursing Outcomes Classification (Noc) y Nursing Interventions Classification (Nic). Se establecieron como diagnósticos enfermeros: deterioro de la integridad tisular, perfusión tisular periférica ineficaz y gestión ineficaz de la salud. El desbridamiento mecánico del tejido necrótico bajo la aplicación de procesos de asepsia, el compromiso del grupo multidiscipli-nario de la salud y la educación al paciente, permitieron el salvamento de 2 falanges del dedo y el retorno a la vida normal del paciente en un periodo de 7 meses.
FreshRSS 