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Role of physical activity in the relationship between recovery from work and insomnia among early childhood education and care professionals: a cross-sectional study

Por: Karihtala · T. · Puttonen · S. · Valtonen · A. M. · Kautiainen · H. · Hopsu · L. · Heinonen · A.
Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the association between recovery from work and insomnia and the role of objectively measured leisure-time physical activity and occupational physical activity in this association.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting and participants

Study with female early childhood education and care professionals (N=224) in Finland was conducted between April 2017 and September 2018.

Methods

Recovery from work was measured with the Need for Recovery scale and insomnia with the Jenkins Sleep Scale. Physical activity was measured with an accelerometer for 7 days and analysed to represent leisure-time physical activity and occupational physical activity (min/day).

Results

Both Jenkins Sleep Scale and occupational physical activity significantly predicted Need for Recovery (β=0.29; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.42 and β=0.14; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.27, respectively). A low relationship was observed between the Need for Recovery and Jenkins Sleep Scale (r=0.32, 95% Cl 0.19 to 0.44). After categorising participants into four groups based on median splits of occupational and leisure-time physical activity, relationships between the Need for Recovery and Jenkins Sleep Scale were low to moderate in the high occupational physical activity and leisure time physical activity group (r=0.38, 95% Cl 0.14 to 0.61), and in the high occupational physical activity and low leisure-time physical activity group (r=0.40, 95% Cl 0.18 to 0.63).

Conclusion

Both insomnia and physical activity at work seem to be relevant in recovery from work. To enhance recovery, especially those involved in high physical activity at work, should seek methods to improve recovery, by incorporating activities that promote recuperation both during their workday and in their leisure time. Further research on the relevance of physical activity in recovery with longitudinal setting is warranted.

Trial registration number

NCT03854877.

Daily life activities of young adults with obesity living in highly accessible and compact urban environments in Seoul, South Korea: a spatiotemporal qualitative study protocol

Por: Kim · D. H. · Lee · E. H. L. · Jeong · J. Y. · Lee · J. · Yoo · S.
Introduction

Amid the growing global concern about obesity, young adults in South Korea are particularly affected, with 30.8% of people aged 19–34 classified as obese. Given the urban-centric lifestyle of Korean youth, understanding the relationship between daily life activities and the urban environment holds great promise for effective interventions. This study aims to explore the daily life activities of young adults with obesity in Seoul, a city known for its highly accessible and compact environment. The research questions explore the interaction between daily life activities and the neighbourhood environment and consider weight management in an urban context.

Methods and analysis

This study uses an extended qualitative geographic information system approach to explore a district in Seoul with a highly accessible and compact urban environment. The sample comprises young adults with obesity (aged 19–34) residing in the study area, with recruitment targeting up to 51 participants for data saturation. A qualitative, multimethod approach combines descriptive and spatiotemporal data collection. Descriptive data are being collected, including in-depth interviews and photographs of daily food consumption. Spatial data collection involves field observations, cognitive mapping and mobile Global Positioning System tracking. Temporal data is gathered through participants drawing round timetables, detailing their daily schedules. Data analysis will entail thematic analysis of the interview data and content analysis of the spatiotemporal data. For the integrated analysis, pattern finding will be used to synthesise the data.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the institutional review board of Seoul National University on 11 July 2022. Data collection and curation are currently underway, and the results of the analysis will be shared with the scientific community at international conferences and peer-reviewed journals. We are planning an open seminar to share our research findings with relevant policy-makers, community organisations and health professionals.

What Matters to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Youth (WM2Y): a study protocol to develop a national youth well-being measure

Por: Garvey · G. · Howard · K. · Garvey · D. · Dickson · M. · Howell · M. · Butler · T. L. · Cadet-James · Y. · Cunningham · J. · Bainbridge · R. · McGorry · P. · Williamson · A. · Anderson · K. M.
Introduction

Adolescents face challenges associated with unprecedented environmental, social and technological changes. The impacts of colonisation, intergenerational trauma, racism and socioeconomic disadvantage intensify these challenges for many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents. However, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents also have cultural, spiritual, family and community capital that fosters their well-being.

To date, little research has focused on understanding and appropriately measuring the well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents, a pivotal factor in informing and guiding programmes and interventions that support them. This study will identify the domains of well-being and develop a new preference-based well-being measure based on the values and preferences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth (aged 12–17 years).

Methods and analysis

This project will be conducted across three research phases: (1) qualitative exploration of well-being using PhotoYarning and yarns with adult mentors to develop candidate items; (2) Think Aloud study, quantitative survey, psychometric analysis, validity testing of candidate items and finalisation of the descriptive system; and (3) scoring development using a quantitative preference-based approach. A multinomial (conditional) logit framework will be used to analyse responses and generate a scoring algorithm for the new preference-based well-being measure.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approvals have been obtained from: the Human Research Ethics Committees for each state and territory where data are being collected, the institutions where the research is being conducted and from the relevant Departments of Education. The new well-being measure will have wide applicability and can be used in assessing the effectiveness of programmes and services. This new national measure will ensure benefit and positive impact through the ability to identify and measure the aspects of well-being important to and valued by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences, and summaries will be provided to the study partner organisations and other relevant organisations.

Protocol for the process evaluation of an intervention to improve antenatal smoking cessation support (MOHMQuit) in maternity services in New South Wales, Australia

Por: Longman · J. · Paul · C. · Cashmore · A. · Twyman · L. · Barnes · L. A. J. · Adams · C. · Bonevski · B. · Milat · A. · Passey · M. E.
Introduction

Smoking cessation in pregnancy remains a public health priority. Our team used the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop the Midwives and Obstetricians Helping Mothers to Quit smoking (MOHMQuit) intervention with health system, leader (including managers and educators) and clinician components. MOHMQuit addresses a critical evidence to practice gap in the provision of smoking cessation support in antenatal care. It involves nine maternity services in New South Wales in a cluster randomised stepped-wedge controlled trial of effectiveness. This paper describes the design and rationale for the process evaluation of MOHMQuit. The process evaluation aims to assess to what extent and how MOHMQuit is being implemented (acceptability; adoption/uptake; appropriateness; feasibility; fidelity; penetration and sustainability), and the context in which it is implemented, in order to support further refinement of MOHMQuit throughout the trial, and aid understanding and interpretation of the results of the trial.

Methods and analysis

The process evaluation is an integral part of the stepped-wedge trial. Its design is underpinned by implementation science frameworks and adopts a mixed methods approach. Quantitative evidence from participating leaders and clinicians in our study will be used to produce individual and site-level descriptive statistics. Qualitative evidence of leaders’ perceptions about the implementation will be collected using semistructured interviews and will be analysed descriptively within-site and thematically across the dataset. The process evaluation will also use publicly available data and observations from the research team implementing MOHMQuit, for example, training logs. These data will be synthesised to provide site-level as well as individual-level implementation outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

The study received ethical approval from the Population Health Services Research Ethics Committee for NSW, Australia (Reference 2021/ETH00887). Results will be communicated via the study’s steering committee and will also be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Trials Registry ACTRN12622000167763. https://www.australianclinicaltrials.gov.au/anzctr/trial/ACTRN12622000167763.

Health risks of exposure to air pollution in areas where coal-fired power plants are located: protocol for a scoping review

Por: Mahlangeni · N. · Kapwata · T. · Laban · T. · Wright · C. Y.
Introduction

Coal-fired power plants are major sources of air pollution which impact human health. Coal combustion byproducts released into the air include particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide. Exposure to fine particulate matter is associated with increased risk of mortality. This scoping review will examine and summarise the current literature on the health risks of exposure to air pollution in areas in which coal-fired power plants exist.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Five electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) will be searched for relevant articles. Studies will be included up until 31 January 2024. There will be no restriction on geographical area. The searches will be limited to studies published in English. Title, abstract, full-text screening and data extraction of relevant articles will be done by two independent reviewers. Discrepancies will be resolved by group discussion. The findings will be presented in tables with a narrative summary. This review will consider epidemiological studies and grey literature that report on the health risks of exposure to air pollution in areas where coal-fired power plants exist.

Ethics and dissemination

All data will be collected from published and grey literature. Ethics approval is therefore not required. We will submit our findings for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Socioeconomic inequalities in skilled attendance at birth and caesarean section rates in Myanmar 2015-2016: a cross-sectional study

Por: Show · K. L. · Maung · T. M. · Disney · G. · Bohren · M. A. · Lumbiganon · P. · Ngamjarus · C.
Objectives

This study aims to assess inequalities in skilled birth attendance and utilisation of caesarean section (CS) in Myanmar.

Study design

Cross-sectional study design.

Setting and population

We used secondary data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2016). Our outcome measures of skilled birth attendance and utilisation of CS were taken from the most recent birth of interviewed women. Absolute and relative inequalities across several sociodemographic characteristics were assessed and evaluated by calculating rate differences, rate ratio and concentration indexes.

Results

More than one-third (36%, 95% CI 32.5% to 39.4%) of women gave birth without a skilled birth attendant present at their most recent birth. 40.7% (95% CI 37.8% to 43.7%) gave birth in healthcare facilities, and the CS rate was 19.7% (95% CI 17.9% to 21.8%) for their most recent birth. The highest proportion of birth without a skilled provider was found in the hilly regions and rural residents, poorest and less educated women, and those with less than four antenatal care visits. Inequalities in birth without a skilled provider were observed across regions, place of residence, wealth quintile, education level and number of antenatal care taken. The highest rate of CS was found among plain regions and urban residents, richest women, more than secondary education, those with more than four antenatal care visits and in private health facilities. Inequalities in CS utilisation were observed across place of residence, wealth quintiles, education level, number of antenatal care taken and type of health facilities.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence regarding inequalities in maternal health service utilisation in Myanmar. Increasing maternal health service availability and accessibility, promoting quality of care and health education campaigns to increase maternal health services utilisation are recommended.

Roles of health system leadership under emergency in drought-affected districts in northeast Uganda: a mixed-method study

Por: Njuguna · C. · Tola · H. · Maina · B. N. · Magambo · K. N. · Namukose · S. · Kamau · S. · Tegegn · Y. W.
Objective

Health system leadership plays a critical role in sustaining healthcare delivery during emergencies. Thus, we aimed to assess the contribution of health system leadership in sustaining healthcare delivery under emergency conditions based on adaptive leadership theoretical framework.

Design

We employed a concurrent mixed-methods study approach to assess health system leadership roles during emergency. This involved a quantitative survey administered to 150 health facilities managers/service focal persons selected via multistage sampling method from 15 districts, and qualitative interviews with 48 key informants who purposively selected.

Participants

We interviewed health facility managers, services focal persons, district health officers and residential district commissioners. We also reviewed weekly emergency situation reports and other relevant documents related to the emergency response. We used structured questionnaire, observation checklist and semistructured questionnaire to collect data. We employed descriptive statistics to analyse quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.

Main outcome

Health system leadership contributions in sustaining healthcare delivery during emergencies.

Results

Health system leadership was effective in leading emergency response and ensuring the continuity of health service during emergencies. Community engagement, partners coordination and intersectoral collaboration were effectively used in the emergency response and ensuring continuity of healthcare delivery. Deployment of experienced personnel and essential medical and non-medical supplies played a critical role in the continuity of health service. Availability of incidence management teams across health system significantly contributed to health system leadership. Participation of village health teams in community engagement and information communication helped in the success of health system leadership under emergency.

Conclusion

Adaptive health system leadership played a crucial role in managing health services delivery under emergency conditions. Effective partnership coordination and collaboration across sectors, frequent information communication, building local actor capacity and implementing scheduled supportive supervisions emerged as key strategies for sustaining health services during emergencies.

Association between individual-level socioeconomic factors and intimate partner violence victimisation in women: a systematic review protocol

Por: Reyal · H. P. · Dissanayake · N. · Gunarathna · H. · Soysa · D. · Fernando · M. S. · Senarathna · L.
Introduction

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem. Although both men and women experience IPV, the burden is more on women. To address IPV effectively, it is important to understand the factors that cause IPV including the socioeconomic factors. However, there is an inadequacy of knowledge on how socioeconomic factors at different levels affect IPV. Hence, the objective is to review the individual-level socioeconomic factors associated with IPV victimisation of women and girls.

Methods and analysis

The search strategy was developed to identify publications from January 2010 to 30 June 2024. The selected electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct will be searched. The eligibility criteria for data collection are based on participants/population (women and girls), exposure (socioeconomic factors) and outcome (IPV). In primary search, the title and abstracts will be screened and reference lists of selected articles will be screened for additional studies. Two researchers will independently screen the articles, and in any disagreements, a third researcher will be consulted. The data will be tabulated to present the study and participant characteristics, comparison descriptors between victims and non-victims, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary and secondary outcomes data, results, limitations and implications. A quality assessment will be performed on the selected studies to avoid bias. A narrative synthesis will summarise the findings.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was waived because only secondary data are used. The protocol will be published, and the findings will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022373535.

Identifying the top 10 research priorities for the school food system in the UK: a priority setting exercise

Por: Schliemann · D. · Spence · S. · OKane · N. · Chiang · C. C. · Olgacher · D. · McKinley · M. C. · Woodside · J. V. · on behalf of the GENIUS network · Schliemann · Spence · OKane · Chiang · Olgacher · McKinley · Woodside
Introduction

The school food system varies widely between schools and across the UK. There is a need to understand evidence gaps in school food research to allow the development, implementation and evaluation of policies and interventions to support children’s healthy eating at school. This study aimed to conduct a priority setting exercise to co-produce research priorities in relation to the UK school food system.

Methods

The James Lind Alliance process informed this priority setting exercise; all key steps engaged a wide range of UK school food stakeholders (including teachers, parents, principals, school governors, policymakers, caterers). An initial online stakeholder survey identified perceived research priorities. In a second survey, stakeholders were asked to rank these priorities. Lastly, an online priority setting workshop with stakeholders elicited the most important research priorities.

Results

In 2021, school food stakeholders (n=1280) completed the first survey, from which 136 research priorities were identified. In the second survey, participants (n=107) ranked these research priorities regarding their importance. Lastly, 30 workshop participants discussed and reached consensus on the research priorities. After final refinement by the research team, 18 priorities resulted, with the top 10 being related to the provision of free school meals (effectiveness of cost-effectiveness of different levels of eligibility, including universal provision), implementation of policy (including improving uptake) and food standards, issues around procurement, leadership, inequalities, social norms, the eating environment, food culture throughout the school setting and healthy eating.

Conclusion

The top 10 research priorities were elicited through a rigorous approach, including a wide range of stakeholders across the UK. These should be considered by policymakers, researchers and others to inform research, evidence-based policy development and, ultimately, improve the UK school food system.

'Ive never been so stressed in my life: a qualitative analysis of young adults lived experience amidst pandemic restrictions in Prince Edward Island, Canada

Por: Postill · G. · Halpin · M. · Zanin · C. · Ritter · C.
Objectives

This qualitative study aimed to explore how young adults experienced the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to extensive lockdowns, social isolation and psychosocial distress. Specifically, this research focused on how the pandemic impacted those who did not contract COVID-19 and lived in a low-risk geographical location. The focus was young adults given they have large social circles (high risk for disease transmission) and have an increased propensity to mental health conditions. These insights can inform planning for future pandemics.

Design

This paper draws on 30 in-depth semistructured interviews. Data were analysed inductively following the principles of a constructivist grounded theory approach.

Setting and participants

30 young adults living in Prince Edward Island during the COVID-19 pandemic, a Canadian province with a low number of COVID-19 cases at the time of data collection.

Results

We developed four themes that describe the experience of young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) life course disruption, (2) fear and anxiety about the COVID-19 virus, (3) isolation and loss of hope and (4) strategies for managing adversity. Our findings highlight the areas of young adults’ lives that were affected by extensive social changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate that even individuals who had not contracted the virus were considerably impacted.

Conclusion

We provide a detailed description of the comprehensive impact of COVID-19 on low-risk young adults not previously infected with the COVID-19 virus. By reflecting on the biographical disruption experienced by young adults, we highlight the need and opportunity to direct healthcare resources towards identifying and addressing the secondary impacts of pandemics. Consequently, these findings can guide decisions relating to future pandemic restrictions to better account for the experiences of individuals living through them.

Association between socioeconomic status and hypertension among adults in Fujian province and the mediating effect of BMI and cooking salt intake: a cross-sectional study

Por: Li · Y. · Ge · W. · Wu · M. · Gao · M. · Peng · Z. · Han · Y. · Hu · X. · Li · L.
Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of hypertension in Fujian province, China, and to evaluate the mediating effect of body mass index (BMI) and cooking salt intake between SES and hypertension.

Design

Community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between June 2018 and December 2019.

Setting

Fujian province, China.

Participants

A total of 26 500 participants aged >18 years completed the survey.

Outcome measures

The primary outcome was the prevalence of hypertension. Education, income and occupation were used as SES indicators. Meanwhile, certain health behaviours and metabolic risk factors were used as secondary indicators of SES.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension was relatively high among participants who finished primary education (34.8%), had the lowest annual income (46.0%), were unemployed or retired (34.7%). Education and income levels were negatively associated with the prevalence of hypertension (p

Conclusions

SES was associated with the prevalence of hypertension among adults in Fujian province, China. BMI and cooking salt intake were partial mediators of the association between SES and hypertension.

Exploring community behaviours and stakeholder challenges in engaging communities with dengue prevention behaviour in Malaysia: implementation research for a qualitative study with a community-based participatory research design

Por: Samsudin · N. A. · Karim · N. · Othman · H. · Naserrudin · N. A. · Sahani · M. · Hod · R. · Siau · C. S. · Harif · M. N. · Abd. Samad · B. H. · Zaini · Z.-I. I.
Objectives

To use a community-based participatory research (CBPR) design to explore local community behaviours and stakeholders’ challenges in engaging communities in dengue prevention behaviours in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia.

Design

This CBPR design in implementation comprised in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Themes were identified from the data with inductive and deductive thematic analysis.

Setting

FGDs were conducted in local community areas and IDIs were conducted in the local authority (LA) office and the Hulu Langat district health office.

Participants

All FGD and IDI participants consented to the study, and included health authorities (n=4), LAs (n=7), community leader (n=1), faith leader (n=1), patients diagnosed with dengue (IDIs, n=2) and permanent residents of Hulu Langat who had been exposed to dengue infectious disease (FGDs, n=27).

Results

The main themes were categorised into community behaviour and stakeholder challenges. The community behaviour-related themes were awareness of dengue disease and Aedes mosquitoes, perception of risk and severity, and involvement of authorities. The themes related to stakeholder challenges were resource constraints and capacity issues, jurisdictional constraints and coordination, and educational dissemination and vandalism.

Conclusions

The actions of the authorities shape community and stakeholder behaviours. Effective communication, including clear and aesthetically pleasing messages, motivates individuals to take appropriate actions. It is crucial for the authorities to engage in inclusive communication and consider diverse perspectives, such as those of residents and individuals exposed to dengue infection. Authorities that provide accurate and unbiased information foster transparency and enable informed decision-making by all stakeholders.

Effects of COVID-19 contagion in cohabitants and family members on mental health and academic self-efficacy among university students in Sweden: a prospective longitudinal study

Por: Andersson · C. · Berman · A. H. · Lindfors · P. · Bendtsen · M.
Objective

This study used causal inference to estimate the longitudinal effects of contagion in cohabitants and family members on university students’ mental health and academic self-efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

A prospective longitudinal study including a baseline online measurement in May 2020, and online follow-ups after 5 months and 10 months. Participants were recruited through open-access online advertising.

Setting

Public universities and university colleges in Sweden.

Participants

The analytical sample included 2796 students.

Outcome measures

Contagion in cohabitants and in family members was assessed at baseline and at the 5-month follow-up. Mental health and academic self-efficacy were assessed at the 5-month and 10-month follow-ups.

Results

Mild symptoms reported in cohabitants at baseline resulted in negative mental health effects at follow-up 5 months later, and mild baseline symptoms in family members resulted in negative effects on academic self-efficacy at follow-ups both 5 and 10 months later.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding the lack of precision in estimated effects, the findings emphasise the importance of social relationships and the challenges of providing students with sufficient support in times of crisis.

Prevalence and predictors of lifetime amphetamine use among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.

Por: Osborne · A. · Aboagye · R. G. · Olorunsaiye · C. Z. · James · P. B. · Bangura · C. · Seidu · A.-A. · Kangbai · J. B. · Ahinkorah · B. O.
Objective

This study examined the prevalence of amphetamine use and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.

Design

Data for the study was sourced from the 2017 Sierra Leone Global School-based Health Survey. Percentages with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the prevalence of amphetamine use among in-school adolescents. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the factors associated with amphetamine use. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs.

Setting

Sierra Leone.

Participants

A weighted sample of 1,314 in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.

Outcome measure

Lifetime amphetamine use.

Results

The prevalence of amphetamine use was 6.1% (3.9%–9.5%). In-school adolescents who planned suicide were more likely to use amphetamine compared with those who did not (aOR 2.54; 95% CI 1.02 to 6.31). Also, the odds of amphetamine use were higher among in-school adolescents who received support from their peers (aOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.71 to 5.96), consumed alcohol (aOR 4.85, 95% CI 2.61 to 9.03), and those who had previously used marijuana (aOR 13.31, 95% CI 6.61 to 28.78) compared with those who did not receive any support, never consumed alcohol, and never used marijuana, respectively.

Conclusion

Amphetamine use is prevalent among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone. There is a need to implement comprehensive public health policies that extend beyond school-based psychobehavioural therapies. These policies should specifically address the considerable risk factors associated with amphetamine use among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.

Psychological experience of university students during prolonged quarantine in China: a qualitative study

Por: Yao · A. · Zhu · M. · Li · L.
Objective

To explore the psychological experiences of university students in prolonged quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study based on semistructured interviews; data were analysed using a thematic topic analysis approach.

Setting

Interviews were conducted via WeChat video.

Participants

20 full-time undergraduate students from seven districts in Shanghai Province who experienced prolonged quarantine were interviewed from June to August 2022.

Results

The data analysis revealed three themes with corresponding subthemes related to the psychological experiences of university students during prolonged quarantine: (1) dynamic and complex psychological experiences, encompassing the feelings of relief, confusion, anxiety, insecurity, loneliness, craving for catharsis and emotional numbness; (2) desire for diverse support; and (3) self-reflection and growth, mainly including learning to be grateful, self-efficacy enhancement, reconsideration of the meaning of life and restructuring of future planning.

Conclusion

This study explored the psychological experiences of university students in prolonged quarantine through qualitative interviews, which contributed to our understanding of their emotions, needs and conceptual changes during quarantine. Combined with the experiences of university students in quarantine, they reported complex emotional changes and diverse needs, as well as the impact of prolonged quarantine on their outlook on life. These findings can serve as a reference and basis for the development of future psychological intervention measures in line with national conditions.

Worker and workplace determinants of employment exit: a register study

Por: Rydland · H. T. · Islam · K. · Kjerstad · E.
Background

Workers with chronic illness are in higher risk of unemployment. This article investigated the worker and workplace characteristics associated with labour market inclusion for workers with a diagnosed chronic illness.

Methods

Linked employer-employee register data covering all Norwegian employers and employees each month from February 2015 to December 2019 were merged with patient data from specialist healthcare (136 196 observations (job spells); 70 923 individual workers). Survival analysis was used to estimate the risk of employment exit, with age, gender, chronic illness, full-time/part-time employment, skill level, marital status, children in household, branch, share of chronically ill workers, firm size and unemployment rate as covariates.

Results

85% of the study population was employed in December 2019; 58% remain employed throughout the follow-up period. Mental illness, male gender, young age, part-time employment and lower skill levels were the worker-level predictors of labour market exit. Employments in secondary industries, in firms with high shares of chronically ill workers and, to some extent, in larger firms were the significant workplace-level determinants.

Conclusion

Only a minority of our sample of workers with chronic illness experienced labour market exclusion. Targeted measures should be considered towards workers with poor mental health and/or low formal skills. Chronically ill workers within public administration have the best labour market prospects, while workplaces within the education branch have an unfulfilled potential.

Violence against physicians working in public tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh: a facility-based cross-sectional study

Por: Hasan · M. J. · Sarkar · T. Y. · Ahmed · M. · Banik · A. · Islam · S. · Zaman · M. S. · Mahmud · F. · Paul · A. · Sakib · M. N. · Dev · A. · Hossain · M. J. · Fardous · J. · Nishat · N. H. · Rahman · M.
Background

Violence against physicians in the workplace is a prevalent global issue, and Bangladesh is no exception. Such violence significantly disrupts healthcare delivery and the attainment of universal health coverage. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence, nature and associated risk factors of workplace violence (WPV) against physicians in Bangladesh.

Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a public tertiary care hospital involving 441 physicians with a minimum tenure of 6 months. Data were gathered through a structured self-reported questionnaire, and statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS V.25.

Results

Out of the surveyed physicians, 67.3% (n=297) reported experiencing violence, categorised as 84.5% psychological, 13.5% physical and 2% sexual in nature. Predominant forms of psychological violence included bullying (48.8%) and threats (40.1%). The mean age of exposed physicians was 32.5±4.3 (SD) years. Those working in the emergency unit (45.8%), surgery and allied departments (54.2%), engaging in rotating shift work (70%), morning shifts (59.6%) and postgraduate trainees (68%) were frequently subjected to violence. Factors significantly associated with WPV included placement in surgery and allied departments (p

Conclusion

A higher proportion of physicians at the early to mid-level stages of their careers, especially those in rotating shifts and surgery-related departments, reported incidence of WPV. Urgent intervention from policy-makers and healthcare entities is imperative to implement preventive measures. Strengthening security measures, establishing antiviolence policies and providing comprehensive training programmes are crucial steps towards ensuring a safer work environment for healthcare professionals.

Good while it lasted? Estimating the long-term and withdrawal effects of results-based financing in Malawi on maternal care utilisation using routine data

Por: Dasgupta · T. · De Allegri · M. · Brenner · S. · Kaminjolo-Kambala · C. · Lohmann · J.
Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of introduction and subsequent withdrawal of the Results-based Financing for Maternal and Newborn Health Initiative (RBF4MNH) in Malawi on utilisation of facility-based childbirths, antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC).

Design

A controlled interrupted time series design was used with secondary data from the Malawian Health Management Information System.

Setting

Healthcare facilities at all levels identified as providing maternity services in four intervention districts and 20 non-intervention districts in Malawi.

Participants

Routinely collected, secondary data of total monthly service utilisation of facility-based childbirths, ANC and PNC services.

Interventions

The intervention is the RBF4MNH initiative, introduced by the Malawian government in 2013 to improve maternal and infant health outcomes and withdrawn in 2018 after ceasing of donor funding.

Outcome measures

Differences in total volume and trends of utilisation of facility-based childbirths, ANC and PNC services, compared between intervention versus non-intervention districts, for the study period of 90 consecutive months.

Results

No significant effect was observed, on utilisation trends for any of the three services during the first 2.5 years of intervention. In the following 2.5 years after full implementation, we observed a small positive increase for facility-based childbirths (+0.62 childbirths/month/facility) and decrease for PNC (–0.55 consultations/month/facility) trends of utilisation respectively. After withdrawal, facility-based childbirths and ANC consultations dropped both in immediate volume after removal (–10.84 childbirths/facility and –20.66 consultations/facility, respectively), and in trends of utilisation over time (–0.27 childbirths/month/facility and -1.38 consultations/month/facility, respectively). PNC utilisation levels seemed unaffected in intervention districts against a decline in the rest of the country.

Conclusions

Concurrent with wider literature, our results suggest that effects of complex health financing interventions, such as RBF4MNH, can take a long time to be seen. They might not be sustained beyond the implementation period if measures are not adopted to reform existing health financing structures.

Landscape of Metis health and wellness: protocol for a scoping review

Por: Boutros · H. M. · Koprich · S. · Simms · A. J. · Tsui · N. · Boyle · R.-A. · Harrison · J. · Riddell · M. · Sanftenberg · S. · Cripps · S. · Edwards · S. A. · Metis Nation of Ontario (MNO)
Introduction

In Canada, Métis people are one of three distinct Indigenous peoples whose rights are recognised and affirmed in Section 35 of the federal Constitution Act, 1982. In line with Métis people having a unique culture, history, language and way of life, a distinctions-based approach is critical to understand the current landscape of Métis-specific health. In this paper, we present a scoping review protocol to describe this research landscape in Canada led by the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO).

Methods and analysis

This scoping review protocol is reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews reporting guidelines and follows Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology. We will search electronic databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Anthropology Plus, Bibliography of Indigenous Peoples of North America, Canadian Business and Current Affairs, Indigenous Studies Portal, Informit Indigenous Collection, Collaborative Indigenous Garden, PubMed, ProQuest), grey literature sources and reference lists from selected papers. Two reviewers (HMB and SK) will double-blind screen all titles/abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. Any health-related study or health report that includes a Métis-specific health, well-being or Métis social determinant of health outcome will be included. Relevant variables will be extracted following an iterative process whereby the data charting will be reviewed and updated.

Ethics and dissemination

Findings from this scoping review will be shared back through the MNO’s existing community-based communication channels. Traditional academic dissemination will also be pursued. Research ethics board approval is not required, since data are from peer-reviewed publications or publicly shared health reports and knowledge translation products.

Multicomponent (bio)markers for obesity risk prediction: a scoping review protocol

Por: Vahid · F. · Dessenne · C. · Tur · J. A. · Bouzas · C. · Devaux · Y. · Malisoux · L. · Monserrat-Mesquida · M. · Sureda · A. · Desai · M. S. · Turner · J. D. · Lamy · E. · Perez-Jimenez · M. · Ravn-Haren · G. · Andersen · R. · Forberger · S. · Nagrani · R. · Ouzzahra · Y. · Fontefrancesc
Introduction

Despite international efforts, the number of individuals struggling with obesity is still increasing. An important aspect of obesity prevention relates to identifying individuals at risk at early stage, allowing for timely risk stratification and initiation of countermeasures. However, obesity is complex and multifactorial by nature, and one isolated (bio)marker is unlikely to enable an optimal risk stratification and prognosis for the individual; rather, a combined set is required. Such a multicomponent interpretation would integrate biomarkers from various domains, such as classical markers (eg, anthropometrics, blood lipids), multiomics (eg, genetics, proteomics, metabolomics), lifestyle and behavioural attributes (eg, diet, physical activity, sleep patterns), psychological traits (mental health status such as depression) and additional host factors (eg, gut microbiota diversity), also by means of advanced interpretation tools such as machine learning. In this paper, we will present a protocol that will be employed for a scoping review that attempts to summarise and map the state-of-the-art in the area of multicomponent (bio)markers related to obesity, focusing on the usability and effectiveness of such biomarkers.

Methods and analysis

PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Embase databases will be searched using predefined key terms to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English until January 2024. Once downloaded into EndNote for deduplication, CADIMA will be employed to review and select abstracts and full-text articles in a two-step procedure, by two independent reviewers. Data extraction will then be carried out by several independent reviewers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies guidelines will be followed. Combinations employing at least two biomarkers from different domains will be mapped and discussed.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required; data will rely on published articles. Findings will be published open access in an international peer-reviewed journal. This review will allow guiding future directions for research and public health strategies on obesity prevention, paving the way towards multicomponent interventions.

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