Prognosis estimation is the basis for establishing the personal interventions in sepsis patients. Serum biomarkers are potential tools for predicting the outcomes of sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Here, we plan to perform a prospective study to investigate the prognostic value of serum biomarkers. We named this study Hospital Outcome of Host Heterogeneity, Organ dysfunction and Trajectory in sepsis (HOHHOT).

This prospective cohort study is being performed in several hospitals in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region between 2025 and 2027. The inclusion criteria were adult sepsis patients admitted to the ICU. A serum specimen will be collected at the onset of sepsis and stored at –80°C for future use. The endpoint of the HOHHOT study includes, but is not limited to, hospital outcome (eg, mortality, occurrence of organ dysfunction, treatment response and the progression of sepsis). We will analyse the predictive value of serum biomarkers for outcomes using a receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analysis. The association between baseline characteristics and serum biomarkers will be estimated using a logistic regression model, net reclassification index and integrated discriminatory index. We will also construct some predictive models using machine learning algorithms.

The HOHHOT study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (NO: KY2025005). The findings derived from the HOHHOT study will be submitted to international academic journals.

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500100770); pre-results.

Kidney stones (KS) are a growing global health concern with significant morbidity. Although individual lifestyle factors have been linked to KS risk, the combined influence of healthy lifestyles and the mediating role of lipid metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) mediates the link between KS risk and a composite healthy lifestyle score.

Cross-sectional study.

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016, USA.

7576 US adults (mean age, 47.39 years; 52.57% male).

The association between healthy lifestyle scores and KS risk was assessed by multivariable logistic regression. The mediating role of AIP was evaluated through mediation analysis. Dose–response relationships were examined by restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Stratified analyses explored potential effect modifications by age, sex, race/ethnicity and metabolic conditions.

Participants in the highest healthy lifestyle score quartile had 0.49 times the odds of KS compared with individuals in the lowest quartile (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.64). A 19% decreased risk of KS was linked to every unit rise in the healthy lifestyle score (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.87). An inverse linear dose–response association was shown by RCS analysis between healthy lifestyle scores and KS risk (P-overallP-nonlinearity=0.321). AIP mediated 7.18% (95% CI, 1.07% to 14.40%) of the association between lifestyle and KS. The association remained across sensitivity analyses and subgroups.

A healthier lifestyle is linked to lower odds of KS, with AIP partially mediating this association. These results emphasise the potential importance of composite lifestyle modifications for the prevention of KS.