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Social determinants of health are responsible for health inequalities. There is increasing agreement that addressing the social determinants of health is vital to achieving health equity, especially for vulnerable people such as patients with a stoma. This paper aimed to examine social determinants of health that influence the well-being of patients with a stoma. The literature published between 2014 and 2024 in PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS and EMBASE was searched. This paper examined selected social determinants of health, including education opportunities, employment and working conditions, income, access to health services and quality, and social support. Several studies have found that social determinants of health are causative factors that impact the health of patients with a stoma. Social determinants of health are a prevalent topic in developed and developing countries worldwide. Factors such as access to health services, education opportunities, income level, employment and social support can influence the health and quality of life of patients with a stoma. Nurses could assess patients with a stoma regarding social determinants of health and provide them with equally accessible health care by caring for and educating them, considering their social needs and gaining insights that can help patients better adapt to healthy living.
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of motivational interviewing on peer bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents.
A parallel-group randomized controlled trial.
The study population consisted of ninth-grade (aged 14 years) high school students (n = 200). The study was completed with 48 participants (intervention: 24; control: 24). The data were collected using the Participant Information Form, the Stages of Change Questionnaire, the Peer Bullying Scale, and the Cyberbullying Scale. The intervention group received a preparatory session and five weekly motivational interviewing sessions. Instruments were administered to both groups before the intervention, at the end of the last motivational interviewing session (post-test), and at 3rd- and 6th-month follow-ups. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and two-way mixed-design ANOVA with Bonferroni's test.
In the pre-test, no statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups regarding mean scores for peer bullying and cyberbullying (p > 0.05). Following the motivational interviewing sessions, adolescents in the intervention group had a significantly lower mean score for peer bullying and cyberbullying than the control group at the post-test and follow-up tests (p < 0.001).
The present study concluded that motivational interviewing effectively reduced peer bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among adolescents.
Nurses would implement motivational interviewing to prevent bullying behaviors in schools.
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