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To determine patient and nursing factors associated with peripheral intravenous access success among hospitalised adults on medical-surgical units.
A prospective, cross-sectional, correlational design was guided by STROBE.
Within a quaternary care hospital with multiple medical-surgical units, nurses who attempted intravenous access completed case report forms and medical records were reviewed to record 38 factors associated with intravenous access success. After identifying factors associated with first attempt and overall intravenous access success in univariate analyses, prediction models were fit and calibration (based on plots) and discrimination (using the C-statistic) were evaluated using bootstrap sampling.
Of 394 adults, 244 (61.9%) had first attempt and 323 (82.0%) had overall intravenous access success. Ultrasound was used in 227 (57.6%) intravenous access attempts and use was associated with less vein visibility and palpability and higher nurse perception of difficult intravenous access. In multivariable modelling, four factors were associated with first attempt intravenous access success: using a wrist vein, higher nurse expertise in intravenous access, nurse use of an ultrasound in patients with high-risk vein characteristics, and higher nurse confidence in first attempt success; model goodness of fit was good. Seven factors were associated with overall intravenous access success: shorter patient hospital length of stay, no history of diabetes, higher patient anxiety level, nurse use of an ultrasound in patients with high-risk vein characteristics, higher nurse expertise in intravenous access, higher nurse confidence in first attempt success, and nurse prediction of difficult intravenous access was low; model goodness of fit was strong.
Patients' vein characteristics and nurses' confidence in first attempt intravenous access success were predominant characteristics of intravenous access success.
Factors of importance in achieving intravenous access can be easily assessed prior to first attempt and may enhance first attempt and overall success.
Authors adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and used the following reporting method: STROBE (The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies).
The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between demographic, professional and other personal nurse characteristics, social support factors and comfort in conducting research with nurses' level of active participation in clinical research.
A prospective, cross-sectional, correlational design was used.
Clinical nurses working in a multihospital healthcare system were recruited by email to complete an anonymous survey that used multiple valid and reliable scales to assess demographic and professional work characteristics, curiosity, grit, locus of control, perceived social support (for research activities), comfort in conducting research, and level of being research-active. Univariate and multivariable analyses were completed.
Of 310 participants, 274 (88.4%) were female and mean (SD) age was 42.9 (13.1) years. After condensing 11 levels of research activity to four categories, 179 (57.7%) were not research-active, and 91 (29.4%), 26 (8.3%) and 14 (4.5%) were engaged at low, moderate, and high levels, respectively. Of 78 factors, 69 (88.5%) were associated with being research-active in univariate analyses. In multivariable analysis that adjusted for age, personal experience as a patient, years as a nurse and hours in direct patient care, professionalism characteristics, higher curiosity, internal locus of control, grit perseverance, support of a nurse scientist and nurse friends, and comfort in conducting research remained associated with higher levels of being research-active (all p < 0.01).
Research-active nurses were more likely to be engaged professionally in hospital-based activities beyond their work roles and displayed higher levels of positive psychological characteristics and mentorship that supported research capacity.
Research-active nurses were more likely to have internal factors and external resources that promoted higher levels of being research-active. A strong professional governance model may enhance clinical nurses research activities.
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