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Physical activity has important benefits for the prevention and management of chronic diseases and healthy ageing. Health professionals have valuable opportunities to promote physical activity to a large group of people across the lifespan. Promotion of Physical Activity by Health Professionals is a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised trial designed to evaluate the impact of physical activity promotion by health professionals (n=30 clusters) on physical activity participation in their patients (n=720). To inform the future implementation of this programme, we will be conducting a within-trial and modelled economic evaluation.
We will conduct a cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis from the perspective of the healthcare, aged care and disability funder. The time horizon will be 6 months for the within-trial analysis and 2 years for the modelled analysis. Data on intervention costs will be collected using trial records. Data on healthcare utilisation will be collected using data linkage. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) will be reported for physical activity and quality-adjusted life years outcomes. Bootstrapping will be used to explore uncertainty around the ICERs and estimate 95% CIs. Results will be presented on a cost-effectiveness plane. The probability that the intervention would be cost-effective at varying willingness-to-pay thresholds will be presented using a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve.
Ethics approval was obtained through Sydney Local Health District (RPAH zone) Ethics Review Committee (X23-0197). The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles and conference presentations.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12623000920695.
Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los efectos de la Reforma Universitaria durante la gestión 1978-1982 de la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto (EERPUSP). Metodología: Estudio en el campo de la Historia, en el ámbito de la Historia de la Enfermería, con enfoque de Micro-Historia. Para alcanzar su objetivo, el estudio utilizó la Historia Oral Temática. Resultados: Los avances identificados en la gestión estuvieron relacionados con los recursos humanos, infraestructura física, consolidación de posgrados, normativa y formación de profesionales de la salud. Como efectos de la Reforma Universitária, se observó la exigencia, en la Universidad de São Paulo, de la categoría de profesor titular para el ejercicio de director, hecho que condujo a dieciséis años de dirección por parte de profesores no enfermeros, la adhesión a la unificación del vestibular, consolidación de los estudios de posgrado y cambios curriculares. Consideraciones finales: El estudio se centró en la labor de los dos directores en su momento, pero se infiere que otros personajes pudieron haber ejercido protagonismo en la concreción de los avances registrados en las actas de congregación de la Escuela.
by Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues, Joaquim Teixeira-Netto, Denise Leite Maia Monteiro, Mônica Kramer de Noronha Andrade
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health, with diverse factors influencing the risk of death among reported cases. This study mainly analyzes the main characteristics that have contributed to the increase or decrease in the risk of death among Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) cases classified as COVID-19 reported in southeast Brazil from 2020 to 2023.
MethodsThis cohort study utilized COVID-19 notification data from the Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica (SIVEP) information system in the southeast region of Brazil from 2020 to 2023. Data included demographics, comorbidities, vaccination status, residence area, and survival outcomes. Classical Cox, Cox mixed effects, Prentice, Williams & Peterson (PWP), and PWP fragility models were used to assess the risk of dying over time.
ResultsAcross 987,534 cases, 956,961 hospitalizations, and 330,343 deaths were recorded over the period. Mortality peaked in 2021. The elderly, males, black individuals, lower-educated, and urban residents faced elevated risks. Vaccination reduced death risk by around 20% and 13% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Hospitalized individuals had lower death risks, while comorbidities increased risks by 20–26%.
ConclusionThe study identified demographic and comorbidity factors influencing COVID-19 mortality. Rio de Janeiro exhibited the highest risk, while São Paulo had the lowest. Vaccination significantly reduces death risk. Findings contribute to understanding regional mortality variations and guide public health policies, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions for vulnerable groups.
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